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Output Model (output + model)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	50%

Selected Abstracts

Impact of international tourism on the Chinese economy

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOURISM RESEARCH, Issue 5 2006
Jan Oosterhaven
Abstract Since 1990, international tourism to China has grown dramatically, as has the rest of the Chinese economy. Its impact on the Chinese economy is estimated for 1997, the last year for which sufficient input,output, social accounting and tourist expenditure data are available when the paper was written. With these data, a so-called type II input,output model is constructed, which enables to estimate direct, indirect and induced impacts. The results show that 1.64% of gross domestic product, 1.40% of household income and 1.01% of Chinese employment is dependent on international tourism. The differences are explained by the sectoral composition of the tourist expenditures, together with the sectoral differences in capital/labour ratios, labour productivity and backward linkages. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

A NON-SUBSTITUTION THEOREM WITH NON-CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE AND EXTERNALITIES

METROECONOMICA, Issue 1 2005
Takao Fujimoto
ABSTRACT An input,output model with non-constant returns to scale and externalities is presented, and it is shown that in this model the non-substitution theorem is still valid. More precisely, the quantity side of the theorem, i.e. the proposition on efficiency, remains valid, while there can be no equilibrium prices independent of final demand. [source]

The impact of occupational injury reduction on the U.S. economy,

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 9 2006
Eduard Zaloshnja PhD
Abstract Background Preventing occupational injuries reduces labor and fringe benefit costs to employers. The related savings filter through the economy, impacting its performance. This study is a first attempt to measure the impact of occupational injury reduction on national economic output, gross domestic product, national income, and employment by using an input,output model of the U.S. economy. Methods Occupational injury costs by industry for 1993 were used as a baseline for an input,output model, and the impact of the 38% injury rate reduction between 1993 and 2002 was measured. All computations are in year 2000 dollars. Results Declining occupational injury between 1993 and 2002 increased employment by an estimated 550,000 jobs. The increase in gross domestic product (GDP) was $25.5 billion or 9% of the average annual GDP increase from 1993 to 2002. Conclusions These estimates represent the benefits of injury rate reduction but ignore associated prevention costs. Am. J. Ind. Med. 49:719,727, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Modifying the metaphor in order to improve understanding of control languages,the little-person becomes a cast of actors

BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY, Issue 4 2007
Peter Whalley
The instructional metaphor is an important bridge to understanding, particularly when students are undertaking tasks that are conceptually difficult and outside their previous experience. It is suggested that the limitations of the implicit metaphor of the procedural control languages are the main cause of the problems experienced with delivering the control topic within the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) curriculum. These continue to dominate classroom practice despite Papert warning more than 25 years ago of the conceptual restrictions that they place on children's thinking. It is also claimed that the procedural control languages do not provide an adequate representation of the underlying input,process,output model of control, and that this contributes to a systematic pattern of misunderstanding. Classroom trials of a graphic object-orientated language are related to a prior study made with the procedural control language Control Logo. The relatively more sophisticated mental models developed by students working with actor-lab are discussed in terms of the different underlying metaphors and the problem representation provided. [source]