Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Output Level (output + level)
Selected AbstractsMacroeconomics and Politics Revisited: Do central banks Matter?ECONOMICS & POLITICS, Issue 1 2000M. Lossani This paper provides a model encompassing both partisan influences on monetary policy and the issue of central bank independence. In a regime of partial independence, central bank's policy responses are not immune from partisan influences. Still, the latter fail to affect systematically the expected output level in election years. The predictions of the model are consistent with the empirical literature on partisan cycles and account for some of its controversial findings. [source] AlGaN/GaN dual-gate high electron mobility transistors on SiC substrates for high-power mixersPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (C) - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 7 2005K. Shiojima Abstract We have demonstrated dual-gate AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors on SiC substrates for high-power mixers and examined DC and up-conversion RF measurements with drain-source bias voltages (VDS) to analyze the possible output level. The 0.7 × 300 µm-gate device exhibited the maximum transconductance of 47 mS, maximum RF power of 19.6 dBm and up-conversion gain of 11 dB at 2 GHz when VDS = 15 V. For VDS of over 15 V, the devices occasionally broke down, because, although the device can handle more drain current, but the voltage swing reached the breakdown voltage of about 30 V. These results indicate that a Watt-class output mixer can be easily achieved with this simple dual-gate structure. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Development of an Algorithm to Regulate Pump Output for a Closed Air-Loop Type Pneumatic Biventricular Assist DeviceARTIFICIAL ORGANS, Issue 12 2009Kyoung Won Nam Abstract The closed air space-type of extracorporeal pneumatic ventricular assist device (VAD) developed by the Korea Artificial Organ Center utilizes a bellows-transforming mechanism to generate the air pressure required to pump blood. This operating mechanism can reduce the size and weight of the driving unit; however, the output of the blood pump can be affected by the pressure loading conditions of the blood sac. Therefore, to guarantee a proper pump output level, regardless of the pressure loading conditions that vary over time, automatic pump output regulation of the blood pump is required. We describe herein a pump output regulation algorithm that was developed to maintain pump output around a reference level against various afterload pressures, and verified the pump performance in vitro. Based on actual operating conditions in animal experiments, the pumping rate was limited to 40,84 beats per minute, and the afterload pressure was limited to 80,150 mm Hg. The tested reference pump output was 4.0 L/min. During experiments, the pump output was successfully and automatically regulated within the preset area regardless of the varying afterload conditions. The results of this preliminary experiment can be used as the basis for an automatic control algorithm that can enhance the stability and reliability of the applied VAD. [source] FIRM SIZE AND EFFICIENCY IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN MOTOR VEHICLE INDUSTRY,AUSTRALIAN ECONOMIC PAPERS, Issue 4 2009LILA J. TRUETT The South African motor vehicle industry has historically been considered a critical industry in the South African economy and the target of numerous government policies designed to protect it and/or increase its international competitiveness. This study examines the cost performance of firms in this industry according to their size, using data categorised by output level. The results are consistent with statistically significant economies of scale at the lowest output levels and a cost inefficiency averaging from about seven to nine per cent for all firms. The findings also suggest that all else equal, the smallest firms and the largest firms have lower unit costs than mid-sized firms. While this work suggests that policies that would give incentives for the smallest firms to increase their scale of operations might help to reduce their unit costs, further investigation needs to be done with respect to why firms in the mid-level size categories appear to be less efficient. [source] Optimal Input Use When Inputs Affect Price and YieldCANADIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Issue 1 2003Elwin G. Smith Input use has been shown to impact the variance of output and therefore risk. When inputs affect both output level and the price of the output, the variance of revenue and profit depend on each effect and their interactions. We analyze the effect of nitrogen (N) use rate applied to wheat on the variance of yield, revenue, and the price of wheat, when protein premiums (discounts) are applied. We find that N use rate increases the variance of yield, but reduces the variance of price. The net effect of N use rate on revenue and profit is variance increasing, but the variance effect is less than for yield alone. Optimal rates of N are about 60% higher with protein payments compared with a constant wheat price over all protein levels. Risk-averse producers apply less N than risk-neutral producers but, because revenue and profit risk is lower with protein payments, the reduction in N is less than if based on a constant price over all protein levels. Il a été démontré que l'utilisation des intrants influe sur la variance des extrants, et par le fait même des risques. Lorsque les intrants influent tant sur le taux d'extrants que sur le prix de l'extrant, la variance des recettes et des profits dépendra de chacun des effets et de leurs interactions. Nous avons analysé les effets du taux d'utilisation de l'azote (N) dans la culture du blé sur la variance des rendements, des recettes et du prix du blé lorsque des primes en fonction du taux de protéines (rabais) sont accordées. Nous avons découvert que le taux d'utilisation de l'azote augmentait la variance des rendements, mais réduisait la variance des prix. L'effet net du taux d'utilisation de l'azote sur les recettes et les profits a été de faire augmenter la variance, mais l'effet de la variance s'est révélé inférieur â celui de la récolte seule. Des taux optimaux d'azote étaient supérieurs d'environ 60 p. 100 lorsque les paiements variaient en fonction du taux de protéines omparativement â un prix du blé uniforme qui ne tient pas compte du taux de protéines. Les producteurs peu enclins â prendre des risques utiliseront moins d'azote que les autres producteurs. Toutefois, le risque lié aux recettes et aux profits demeurant plus faible lorsque les paiements tiennent compte du taux de protéines, la réduction de l'azote est alors moindre que dans les cas où un prix constant est versé pour tous les taux de protéines. [source] Information Technology and the World Growth ResurgenceGERMAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 2 2007Dale W. Jorgenson Growth; investment; productivity; information technology Abstract. This paper analyzes the impact of investment in information technology (IT) on the recent resurgence of world economic growth. We describe the growth of the world economy, seven regions, and 14 major economies during the period 1989,2004. We allocate the growth of world output between input growth and productivity and find, surprisingly, that input growth greatly predominates! Moreover, differences in per capita output levels are explained by differences in per capita input, rather than variations in productivity. The contributions of IT investment have increased in all regions, but especially in industrialized economies and Developing Asia. [source] Equity and Adverse SelectionJOURNAL OF ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENT STRATEGY, Issue 2 2007Ramarao Desiraju We introduce concerns with inequity into the canonical adverse selection model. We find that aversion to ex post inequity is not constraining for the principal if the two agents are identical ex ante, but generally is constraining when the agents differ ex ante. Constraining equity concerns can lead to output levels that are either above or below standard levels, and can result in only one agent experiencing systematic inequity in equilibrium. [source] Markets, torts, and social inefficiencyTHE RAND JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, Issue 2 2006Andrew F. Daughety We provide a model wherein oligopolists produce differentiated products that also have a safety attribute. Consumption of these products may lead to harm (to consumers and/or third parties), lawsuits, and compensation, either via settlement or trial. Firm-level costs reflect both safety investment and production activities, as well as liability-related costs. Compensation is incomplete, both because of inefficiencies in the bargaining process and (possibly) because of statutorily established limits on awards. We compare the market equilibrium safety effort and output levels to what a planner who is able to set safety standards, but takes the market equilibrium output as given, would choose. [source] FIRM SIZE AND EFFICIENCY IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN MOTOR VEHICLE INDUSTRY,AUSTRALIAN ECONOMIC PAPERS, Issue 4 2009LILA J. TRUETT The South African motor vehicle industry has historically been considered a critical industry in the South African economy and the target of numerous government policies designed to protect it and/or increase its international competitiveness. This study examines the cost performance of firms in this industry according to their size, using data categorised by output level. The results are consistent with statistically significant economies of scale at the lowest output levels and a cost inefficiency averaging from about seven to nine per cent for all firms. The findings also suggest that all else equal, the smallest firms and the largest firms have lower unit costs than mid-sized firms. While this work suggests that policies that would give incentives for the smallest firms to increase their scale of operations might help to reduce their unit costs, further investigation needs to be done with respect to why firms in the mid-level size categories appear to be less efficient. [source] | ||||||||||