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Other Parties (other + party)
Selected AbstractsEmpirical investigation of party preferences and economic voting in TurkeyEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2005CEM BA, LEVENT The economic variables can be used to test the familiar hypotheses of economic voting theory , whether individuals vote retrospectively and/or prospectively, and whether they are sociotropic and/or egotropic. The non-economic factors include sociodemographic characteristics as well as identity and issue variables likely to be good predictors of party choice. The analysis focuses on comparing the characteristics of those who intend to vote for the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) with those of other parties. According to multinomial logit estimates, young people, especially males, constitute the electoral base for the AKP. Those who have been affected adversely by recent economic developments, as well as those who are against Turkey's accession to the European Union are also more likely to vote for the AKP. The empirical work also provides evidence in support of economic voting hypotheses. [source] Focusing failures in competitive environments: explaining decision errors in the Monty Hall game, the Acquiring a Company problem, and multiparty ultimatumsJOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DECISION MAKING, Issue 5 2003Avishalom Tor Abstract This paper offers a unifying conceptual explanation for failures in competitive decision making across three seemingly unrelated tasks: the Monty Hall game (Nalebuff, 1987), the Acquiring a Company problem (Samuelson & Bazerman, 1985), and multiparty ultimatums (Messick, Moore, & Bazerman, 1997). We argue that the failures observed in these three tasks have a common root. Specifically, due to a limited focus of attention, competitive decision makers fail properly to consider all of the information needed to solve the problem correctly. Using protocol analyses, we show that competitive decision makers tend to focus on their own goals, often to the exclusion of the decisions of the other parties, the rules of the game, and the interaction among the parties in light of these rules. In addition, we show that the failure to consider these effects explains common decision failures across all three games. Finally, we suggest that this systematic focusing error in competitive contexts can serve to explain and improve our understanding of many additional, seemingly disparate, competitive decision-making failures. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The Meaning of Home: A Chimerical Concept or a Legal Challenge?JOURNAL OF LAW AND SOCIETY, Issue 4 2002Lorna Fox ,Home' is not an easy concept to pin down. Although the term is instantly familiar, and the physical reality of home is an important and omnipresent feature of our everyday lives, the legal conception of home has received surprisingly little attention. The relative neglect of home is particularly striking, however, in light of the substantial body of research which has been carried out on the subject of home in other disciplines. This article discusses the meanings of home which have evolved from interdisciplinary research. It is argued that this research could provide a starting point for the development of a more clearly articulated socio,legal understanding of the meaning and value of home to occupiers. It is suggested that a legal concept of the meaning of home would be useful, for instance, when considering the conflict of interests between the occupiers of a property ,as a home', and other parties with ,non,home' interests in the property, for example, creditors. This article seeks to identify some of the values of home which might inform a legal concept of home, and so be ,weighed in the balance' on the occupier's side when decisions involving conflicts between home interests and commercial interests are considered. [source] Sources of Mass Partisanship in BrazilLATIN AMERICAN POLITICS AND SOCIETY, Issue 2 2006David Samuels ABSTRACT Scholars believe that mass partisanship in Brazil is comparatively weak. Using evidence from a 2002 national survey, however, this study finds that the aggregate level of party identification actually falls only slightly below the world average and exceeds levels found in many newer democracies. Yet this finding is misleading, because the distribution of partisanship is skewed toward only one party, the PT. This trend results from a combination of party organization and recruitment efforts and individual motivation to acquire knowledge and become involved in politicized social networks. Partisanship for other parties, however, derives substantially from personalistic attachments to party leaders. This finding has implications for current debates about the status of parties in Brazil. Also important is the impact of the 2005 corruption scandal implicating the PT and President Lula da Silva's administration. [source] Expressing Conflict, Neutralizing Blame, and Making Concessions in Small-Claims MediationLAW & POLICY, Issue 2 2000Marian Borg This research examines the link between the way small-claims mediation participants express their conflicts and their willingness to engage in concession-making. Observations of seventy-seven mediation participants suggest that a significant factor in this relationship is the way participants manage the issue of blame. The research identifies three categories of mediants: individuals named in a civil suit who represent themselves; agents, usually lawyers, who represent the interests of other parties in a civil suit; and business owners or managers who represent the interests of their establishments. The study depicts some of the differences in the way these participants describe their conflicts. In particular, the research suggests that the manner in which mediation participants handle the issue of blame , by either justifying, excusing, or denying it , constrains their willingness to engage in concession-making, a fundamental aspect of the mediation process. I discuss implications for future research and for developing strategies that might improve the effectiveness of mediation for some participants. [source] The Evolution of Party Systems between ElectionsAMERICAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, Issue 2 2003Michael Laver Most existing theoretical work on party competition pays little attention to the evolution of party systems between elections as a result of defections between parties. In this article, we treat individual legislators as utility-maximizing agents tempted to defect to other parties if this would increase their expected payoffs. We model the evolution of party systems between elections in these terms and discuss this analytically, exploring unanswered questions using computational methods. Under office-seeking motivational assumptions, our results strikingly highlight the role of the largest party, especially when it is "dominant" in the technical sense, as a pole of attraction in interelectoral evolution. [source] One Nation's Electoral Support: Economic Insecurity versus Attitudes to ImmigrationAUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF POLITICS AND HISTORY, Issue 4 2001Murray Goot While acknowledging that our study represents "a considerable advance on other studies of One Nation, its electoral support and social foundations", and "correctly identifies the importance of conservative social attitudes of One Nation supporters", Turnbull and Wilson take issue with three things: one of our key findings, based on the 1998 Australian Election Study (AES), that the vote for One Nation was driven by attitudes to immigration (among other things) rather than by a sense of economic insecurity; our argument around the fundamental difference between explaining the One Nation vote and distinguishing it from the vote secured by any of the other parties; and our refusal to cringe before the "comparative evidence about neo-populist parties" or to defer to the superior wisdom of that political scientist extraordinaire, Australia's present Prime Minister, John Howard.17 None of the points they make in relation to any of these things is even partly persuasive; for the most part, th y are marred by errors of logic, fact, or interpretation. Each, however, is important - or potentially so. They merit, therefore, a response. [source] Authenticating displayed names in telephonyBELL LABS TECHNICAL JOURNAL, Issue 1 2009Stanley T. Chow In both traditional and Internet Protocol (IP) telephony, a caller ID number is subject to control and verification, whereas the displayable caller ID name is a convenience feature which operators have no control over. It may be arbitrarily set by the caller. Voice phishing can exploit this weakness,e.g., make a call spoofing the name of a bank and ask for account information. We present a framework that allows each call participant to authenticate the displayed name of other parties via public name registries and International Telecommunication Union Telecom Standardization Sector (ITU-T) X.509 certificates. The authentication can work end-to-end, on-demand, for both called and calling party's name, for Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), landline, or mobile endpoints. The framework is flexible, does not require global public key infrastructure (PKI), and allows concerned financial, medical, and legal institutions to delegate the use of their authenticated names to employees outside the office as well as outsourcing companies. A proof-of-concept implementation is also presented. © 2009 Alcatel-Lucent. [source] Positive selection in the evolution of cancerBIOLOGICAL REVIEWS, Issue 3 2006Bernard J. Grespi ABSTRACT We hypothesize that forms of antagonistic coevolution have forged strong links between positive selection at the molecular level and increased cancer risk. By this hypothesis, evolutionary conflict between males and females, mothers and foetuses, hosts and parasites, and other parties with divergent fitness interests has led to rapid evolution of genetic systems involved in control over fertilization and cellular resources. The genes involved in such systems promote cancer risk as a secondary effect of their roles in antagonistic coevolution, which generates evolutionary disequilibrium and maladaptation. Evidence from two sources: (1) studies on specific genes, including SPANX cancer/testis antigen genes, several Y-linked genes, the pem homebox gene, centromeric histone genes, the breast cancer gene BRCA1, the angiogenesis gene ANG, cadherin genes, cytochrome P450 genes, and viral oncogenes; and (2) large-scale database studies of selection on different functional categories of genes, supports our hypothesis. These results have important implications for understanding the evolutionary underpinnings of cancer and the dynamics of antagonistically-coevolving molecular systems. [source] Care, control and change in child care proceedings: dilemmas for social workers, managers and lawyersCHILD & FAMILY SOCIAL WORK, Issue 1 2006Jonathan Dickens ABSTRACT This paper draws on findings from an interview-based study of the ways that local authority social workers, social services managers and lawyers work together in child care cases in England. The study shows how stressful social workers can find care proceedings, and how much they look to the lawyers for support. It also shows how the lawyers' involvement can bring new stresses and dilemmas. The managers are especially likely to resent ,over-involvement' (as they see it) from lawyers, but lawyers are quick to defend their role and responsibilities. The paper shows how the complex, multifaceted dimensions of care, control and change interweave with professional differences in care proceedings: care for children, parents and social workers; struggles for control against the court, the other parties and sometimes the other professionals on one's own side; and responsiveness to change set against wariness about ,lawyers' deals' and undue risk to children. The paper concludes that the valuing of difference, rather than its avoidance or suppression, is at the heart of effective inter-professional work. It calls for greater recognition of this in current initiatives to promote interdisciplinary working in children's services in England. [source] Mediation windfalls: Value beyond settlement?CONFLICT RESOLUTION QUARTERLY, Issue 4 2005The perspectives of Georgia magistrate court judges This study of magistrate judges investigates the perception that if mediation reaches impasse, parties who are not represented by counsel go into court less afraid, better able to articulate their case, more cognizant of their own and the other side's positions, and with an enhanced appreciation for the perspective of the other party because of the mediation experience. [source] Simple Efficient Contracts in Complex EnvironmentsECONOMETRICA, Issue 3 2008Robert Evans This paper studies a general model of holdup in a setting encompassing the models of Segal (1999) and Che and Hausch (1999) among others. It is shown that if renegotiation is modeled as an infinite-horizon noncooperative bargaining game, then, with a simple initial contract, an efficient equilibrium will generally exist. The contract is robust in the sense that it does not depend on fine details of the model. The contract gives authority to one party to set the terms of trade and gives the other party a nonexpiring option to trade at these terms. The difference from standard results arises because the initial contract ensures that the renegotiation game has multiple equilibria; the multiplicity of continuation equilibria can be used to enforce efficient investment. [source] Optimal At-will Labour ContractsECONOMICA, Issue 270 2001Ed Nosal An at-will employment rule allows parties to sever their employment relationship for ,a good reason, a bad reason or no reason at all'[Schawb, S. (1993) Life-cycle justice: accommodating just cause and employment at will. Michigan Law Review, 92, 8--62]. A specific performance employment rule allows any party to force the other party to perform as specified in the contract. Although the theory of labour contracting generally assumes enforcement by specific performance, in practice, the vast majority of non-union employment relationships are mediated by an at-will rule. When employment contracts are enforced by an at-will rule, I show that the ,standard' counter-intuitive predictions generated by standard labour contracting models disappear. [source] Exploring the Attitudinal Structure of PartisanshipJOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 9 2010Douglas D. Roscoe This study examined the structure of attitudes toward the political party an individual primarily identifies with and attitudes toward the other party with an emphasis on differentiating between the cognitive and affective components. Participants responded to a telephone survey that included measures of party identification, partisan attitudes, political information involvement activities, and voting behavior. Results indicated attitudes toward the parties were a function of both cognitive and affective components, although strong partisans had an attitudinal structure characterized as having a stronger cognitive component. Strong partisans were more polarized in their attitudes across parties. In addition, individuals with more cognitive-affective ambivalence toward their own parties were less likely to vote, and their votes were less likely to be along party lines. [source] Little Words That Matter: Discourse Markers "So" and "Oh" and the Doing of Other-Attentiveness in Social InteractionJOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION, Issue 4 2006Galina B. Bolden The article presents an analysis of actual, recorded social interactions between close familiars with the goal to describe discursive practices involved in showing engagement with the other party, or other-attentiveness. Focusing on the deployment of the discourse markers "so" and "oh" in utterances that launch new conversational topics, the article demonstrates that "so" overwhelmingly prefaces other-attentive topics, whereas "oh" prefaces self-attentive topics. We consider the interactional implications of this distribution and how the basic meanings of these linguistic objects are employed in the service of communicating interpersonal involvement. [source] Informal acquisition and loss of rights in land: what justifies the doctrines?LEGAL STUDIES, Issue 2 2000Christine J Davis This article considers the justification for various doctrines pursuant to which rights in or over land may be acquired or lost informally. Three relevant factors are identified: the fault of the owner of the land or interest; potential unfairness to the other party; and policy reasons. Individual doctrines are examined to ascertain which factors are relevant to each. It is then argued that only policy reasons or a combination of fault and unfairness can adequately justify depriving someone of their rights in land and that some policy reasons relied on by the courts are no longer sufficient justification in the light of the Land Registration Act 1925. Consequently, it is argued that some of the doctrines discussed require reconsideration, if not abolition. [source] Paths to Negotiation SuccessNEGOTIATION AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT RESEARCH, Issue 2 2010Jane A. Halpert Abstract This article presents a multi-variable model of the negotiation process and tests it via a series of meta-analyses and follow-up path analyses. Negotiator goals, relationships, expectations, and behavior are tested as predictors of (a) the profit-or-loss outcome of the negotiation, (b) the negotiator's perceptions of the other party, and (c) the negotiator's satisfaction with the negotiation. A path model was tested based on separate meta-analyses to create the correlation table of the seven variables. The findings demonstrate that to be successful, negotiations should focus on goals and cooperation within the negotiation. High goals and positive relationships started negotiators on the path to successful outcomes. [source] How Lay Third Parties Weigh Legitimacy and Sanctions in a Side-Taking Dilemma: A Study among Chinese and Dutch EmployeesAPPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2009Huadong Yang Lay third parties sometimes react to an interpersonal dispute by taking sides. In this paper, we investigate the interaction effects of lay third parties' moral and expedient orientations on the relationship between perceived legitimacy (or expected negative sanctions) and their intention of side-taking with a legitimacy party (or a sanction party). Seventy-nine Chinese and 77 Dutch employees were presented with a scenario describing a conflict dilemma between one party who has more legitimacy claims but less negative sanctions and the other party who has less legitimacy claims but more negative sanctions. The results showed that moral orientation by itself has a reinforcing effect on the positive link between perceived legitimacy and siding with a legitimacy party. In addition, in both countries, the relationship between expected negative sanctions and side-taking with a sanction party was moderated by a joint effect of the moral and the expedient orientations. That is, for lay third parties with a weakly moral orientation and a strongly expedient orientation, an increase in negative sanctions led to more side-taking with a sanction party. For those lay third parties who were weakly moral and weakly expedient oriented, strongly moral and strongly expedient oriented, or strongly moral and weakly expedient oriented, the above-mentioned link was not positive any more. Confrontés à un conflit interpersonnel, les tiers non concernés réagissent parfois en prenant parti. Dans cet article, nous étudions les effets d'interaction des orientations morales et opportunistes de tiers non impliqués sur la relation entre la légitimé perçue ou les sanctions négatives attendues et leur intention de se ranger aux côtés d'un groupe légitime ou d'un groupe puissant. On a présentéà 79 salariés chinois et 77 salariés néerlandais un scénario décrivant un dilemme conflictuel entre un groupe qui disposait de plus de légitimité, mais de sanctions négatives moindres et un autre groupe qui disposait de moins de légitimité, mais de sanctions négatives plus fortes. Les résultats montrent que l'orientation morale exerce par elle-même un renforcement sur la liaison positive entre la légitimité perçue et le fait de se ranger aux côtés d'un groupe bénéficiant de la légitimité. De plus, dans les deux pays, la relation entre les sanctions négatives attendues et le fait de choisir le groupe puissant était régulé par un effet conjugué des orientations morales et opportunistes. Ce qui signifie que pour des tiers pourvus d'une orientation morale déficiente et d'un grand opportunisme, une augmentation des sanctions négatives incite à prendre plutôt parti pour le groupe puissant. La relation ci-dessus mentionnée n'est nullement positive pour les tiers à la morale et à l'opportunisme faibles, à la morale et à l'opportunisme forts, ou à la morale forte et à l'opportunisme faible. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||