Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Other Formulas (other + formula)
Selected AbstractsDiarrhoea during enteral nutrition is predicted by the poorly absorbed short-chain carbohydrate (FODMAP) content of the formulaALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 7 2010E. P. Halmos Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 925,933 Summary Background, Although it is recognized that diarrhoea commonly complicates enteral nutrition, the causes remain unknown. Aim, To identify factors associated with diarrhoea in patients receiving enteral nutrition with specific attention to formula composition. Methods, Medical histories of in-patients receiving enteral nutrition were identified by ICD-10-AM coding and randomly selected from the year 2003 to 2008. Clinical and demographic data were extracted. Formulas were classified according to osmolality, fibre and FODMAP (fermentable oligo-, di- and mono-saccharides and polyols) content. Results, Formula FODMAP levels ranged from 10.6 to 36.5 g/day. Of 160 patients receiving enteral nutrition, 61% had diarrhoea. Univariate analysis showed diarrhoea was associated with length of stay >21 days (OR 4.2), enteral nutrition duration >11 days (OR 4.0) and antibiotic use (OR 2.1). After adjusting for influencing variables through a logistic regression model, a greater than five-fold reduction in risk of developing diarrhoea was seen in patients initiated on Isosource 1.5 (P = 0.029; estimated OR 0.18). The only characteristic unique to this formula was its FODMAP content, being 47,71% lower than any other formula. Conclusions, Length of stay and enteral nutrition duration independently predicted diarrhoea development, while being initiated on a lower FODMAP formula reduced the likelihood of diarrhoea. As retrospective evaluation does not support a cause,effect relationship, an interventional study investigating FODMAPs in enteral formula is indicated. [source] Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Older Patients with Chronic Renal Insufficiency: Is the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Formula an Improvement?JOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 7 2003Edmund J. Lamb PhD OBJECTIVES: To evaluate a new formula for glomerular filtration rate (GFR), derived from the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study in older people. DESIGN: An observational study of the performance of the MDRD formula compared with other formulae and creatinine clearance (ClCr) as measures of the GFR. SETTING: Volunteers were recruited via outpatient clinics. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-two patients (27 men, 25 women: mean age 80, range 69,92) with a variety of medical diagnoses. Mean GFR was 53.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 (range 15.9,100.2). Exclusion criteria included renal replacement therapy/renal transplantation and cognitive impairment. MEASUREMENTS:51Chromium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (51Cr EDTA) was used as the reference method against which the formulaic estimates of GFR were compared using bias plot and regression analyses. RESULTS: The MDRD and Cockcroft and Gault formulae (both coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.84) gave the best fit with GFR, followed by the Jelliffe formula (R2 = 0.81), ClCr (R2 = 0.73) and the Baracskay formula (R2 = 0.56). ClCr (,1.2%) demonstrated minimal bias compared with the MDRD (8.0%) and Cockcroft and Gault (,10.4%) formulae. However, imprecision compared with 51Cr EDTA was lowest for the Cockcroft and Gault formula, with 50% of estimates lying between ,9.5 and ,0.5 mL/min/1.73 m2 of measured 51Cr EDTA clearance. This compares with ,6.7 and 10.1 mL/min/1.73 m2 for ClCr and 0.0 and 12.7 mL/min/1.73 m2 for the MDRD formula. CONCLUSION: Calculated estimates of GFR are an improvement over ClCr estimation. On balance, the MDRD formula does not improve the estimate of GFR compared with the Cockcroft and Gault formula in older Caucasian patients with chronic renal insufficiency. [source] EVALUATION OF ISOMALT AND HYDROGENATED STARCH HYDROLYSATE IN SUGARLESS CARAMEL POPCORN,JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY, Issue 1 2002L.G. BECK Five formulations of sugarless caramel popcorn sweetened with different proportions of hydrogenated starch hydrolysate and isomalt were developed. Control and test products were evaluated for changes in physical, chemical and sensory properties over a 3-month storage period at 33C and 50% humidity. Moisture content and water activity values increased for all products, but color values did not change with time. Texture compressibility measurements were highly correlated with liking of texture values gathered from a consumer study. The fonnula with 100percnt; isomalt was liked significantly more by consumers than the other formulas. [source] Milk formulas in acute gastroenteritis and malnutrition: A randomized trialJOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH, Issue 6 2002RH Kukuruzovic Objective: To compare three low-lactose milk formulas differing in osmolality and degree of protein hydrolysis in the treatment of diarrhoea and malnutrition in subjects with high rates of lactose intolerance, osmotic diarrhoea and a tropical/environmental enteropathy. Methods: A randomized double-blind trial of 180 Aboriginal children under 3 years of age admitted with acute diarrhoea and/or malnutrition was carried out. The intervention milk formulas were: (i) De-Lact, a low-osmolality lactose-free formula; (ii) O-Lac, a lactose-free formula; and (iii) Alfaré, a partially hydrolysed formula. Outcome measures were diarrhoeal severity, weight gain, formula palatability and changes in intestinal permeability (L/R ratios). Results: The duration of diarrhoea in days (mean; 95% confidence interval) was significantly longer on Alfaré (8.5; 7.0,10.0) compared to De-Lact (6.1; 5.0,7.2) and O-Lac (6.9; 5.6,8.1; P = 0.04). There were no differences in mean intake between formulas, but palatability of Alfaré was significantly worse (P < 0.01) than the other formulas. Over the trial 5 days, improvement in L/R ratios was significantly greater (P = 0.05) for De-Lact (18.6; 10.6,26.6) than for Alfaré (8.5; 2.1,14.9). Weight gain was not significantly different between the three formulas, except in a malnourished subgroup who had better weight gain on De-Lact (P = 0.05). Conclusions: In these Aboriginal children with diarrhoea and growth failure, a low osmolality milk was associated with better outcomes and a partially hydrolysed formula with less improvement in mucosal recovery, suggesting that cow's milk protein intolerance is not contributing to greater diarrhoeal severity or enteropathy in Aboriginal children. [source] | ||||||||||