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Other Explanatory Variables (other + explanatory_variable)
Selected AbstractsA Rational Choice Approach to Explaining Policy Preferences and Concern for Representing Women among State LegislatorsPOLITICS & POLICY, Issue 1 2010DONALD E. WHISTLER Rational choice theory predicts that women, when significantly involved in the production of private competitive goods and services, will adopt the same self-interested political orientation as similarly economically situated men. Guided by this approach, this nationwide survey of state legislators finds that competitive occupational background significantly reduces support for representing distributive,redistributive policy among both women and men legislators. However, it also finds that women legislators in general, as well as women holding leadership positions, retain a significant concern for representing women. Democratic Party affiliation and noncompetitive occupational background predict support for distributive,redistributive policies among women and men legislators, while only Democratic Party affiliation predicts concern for representing women among women and men legislators. Other explanatory variables (i.e., lower education, liberal ideology, African-Americans, lower-socioeconomic status districts, and political ambition) are in the direction hypothesized to influence representing distributive,redistributive policies and women but are not all statistically significant. La teoría de la decisión racional predice que cuando las mujeres se involucran significativamente en la producción de bienes y servicios competitivos, adoptarán la misma orientación política de búsqueda de sus intereses personales que los hombres similarmente situados económicamente. Guiados por este enfoque, esta encuesta nacional de los legisladores estatales encuentra que los antecedentes profesionales competitivos reducen significativamente el apoyo entre mujeres así como hombres legisladores para representar políticas distributivas-redistributivas. Sin embargo, encuentra que en general, las mujeres legisladoras, así como aquellas mujeres que desempeñan posiciones de autoridad, conservan una preocupación significativa por representar a las mujeres. Por su parte, tanto afiliación al Partido Demócrata como antecedentes ocupacionales no-competitivos, predicen apoyo entre las mujeres y los hombres legisladores, a políticas distributivas-redistributivas, mientras que sólo afiliación al Partido Demócrata predice preocupación entre las mujeres y los hombres legisladores por representar a las mujeres. Otras variables que pueden explicar esto (i.e., educación baja, ideología liberal, Afroamericanos, distritos con bajo nivel socioeconómico, y ambición política) están en la dirección hipotetizada para influir la representación de las políticas distributivas-redistributivas y de mujeres, pero no todas son estadísticamente significativas. [source] What's Cultural about Biocultural Research?ETHOS, Issue 1 2005WILLIAM W. DRESSLER Advances in biocultural research have been hampered by the lack of an explicit theory of culture. Culture can be viewed as a collection of cultural models of specific domains with empirically verifiable distributions within a social group. Individuals are variably able to approximate these models in their own beliefs and behavior, a concept referred to as "cultural consonance." Cultural consonance is hypothesized to be associated with psychophysiologic outcomes, including blood pressure and depressive symptoms. In this article, the cultural domain of family life in Brazil is used to illustrate both the concept and measurement of cultural consonance. It is associated with arterial blood pressure and depressive symptoms, controlling for covariates and other explanatory variables. This theoretical orientation can define more precisely the cultural in the biocultural. [source] Effects of Family Structure on Children's Use of Ambulatory Visits and Prescription MedicationsHEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH, Issue 5 2006Alex Y. Chen Objective. To examine the effects of family structure, including number of parents, number of other children, and number and type of other adults, on office visits, emergency room visits, and use of prescription medications by children. Data Source. The Household Component of the 1996,2001 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). Study Design. The study consisted of a nationally representative sample of children 0,17 years of age living in single-mother or two-parent families. We used negative binomial regression to model office visits and emergency room visits and logistic regression to model the likelihood of prescription medication use. Our analyses adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics as well as measures of children's health and parental education and child-rearing experience. Data Collection/Extraction Method. We combined 1996,2001 MEPS Full Year Consolidated Files and Medical Conditions Files. Principal Findings. Descriptive data showed that children in single-mother families had fewer office visits than children in two-parent families; however, the effect of number of parents in the family on children's office visits or use of prescription medications was completely explained by other explanatory variables. By contrast, children living in families with many other children had fewer total and physician office visits and a lower likelihood of using a prescription medication than children living in families with no other children even after adjusting for other explanatory variables. Children who lived with other adults in addition to their parents also had fewer office visits and a lower likelihood of using a prescription medication than children who lived only with their parents. Conclusions. Children living in families with many other children or with other adults use less ambulatory care and prescription medications than their peers. Additional research is needed to determine whether these differences in utilization affect children's health. [source] Has the Tradeoff Between Productivity Gains and Job Growth Disappeared?KYKLOS INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, Issue 1 2005Paul Cavelaars SUMMARY ,Policymakers' efforts to boost trend output growth may be hampered by the presence of a trade-off between productivity gains and job creation. This paper presents empirical evidence that the negative relationship between productivity growth and employment growth that prevailed in the 1960s and 1970s has disappeared since then. This finding is robust to using alternative measures and including other explanatory variables. The improved trade-off may be good news for policymakers who aim at raising the ,speed limit' of the economy. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die Bemühungen der politischen Entscheidungsträger, das Produktionswachstum nachhaltig anzu-kurbeln, können durch einen Trade-Off zwischen Produktivitätssteigerung und Schaffung von Arbeitsplätzen behindert werden. Der vorliegende Artikel erbringt empirische Belege dafür, dass heute das negative Verhältnis zwischen Produktivitätssteigerung und Zunahme der Beschäftigung, wie man es in den 1960er und 70er Jahren beobachtete, nicht mehr besteht. Dieses Ergebnis hält auch alter-nativen Messmethoden und der Berücksichtigung anderer erklärender Variablen stand und könnte eine gute Nachricht für die Politiker sein, die bestrebt sind, die ,Höchstgeschwindigkeit' für das Wirtschaftswachstum anzuheben. [source] Oil demand in transportation sector in Iran: an efficiency and income asymmetric modelling approachOPEC ENERGY REVIEW, Issue 4 2007Mohammad Mazraati The transportation sector in Iran consumed about 52 per cent of oil demand in 2005. This high consumption rate of oil in the sector is fuelled by many factors including fiscal policies structural, as well as infrastructural factors. The vehicle ownership (intensity), efficiency of vehicles, public transportation, transport infrastructure, per capita income, cost of vehicle use, and fuel prices are among the factors which are shaping the trend of oil demand in this very important sector. Energy in Iran is heavily subsidized and in the transportation sector, the subsidy amounted to $3.59 billion in 1996, rising to $12.43 billion in 2005. Logistic model of vehicle ownership is estimated as a function of real per capita income, length of roads and other explanatory variables. Per capita income is a cumulative non-declining variable incorporating the idea of income asymmetric. Oil demand is estimated as a function of fuel efficiency, age of car fleet, per capita income and vehicle ownership per 1,000 inhabitants. Oil demand elasticities of vehicle ownership and fuel efficiency are 1.29 and 1.11, respectively, confirming that these variables have major impacts on oil demand in the transportation sector. It is concluded that rationing of fuel or upward price adjustment merely cannot curb the fast growth of oil demand in the sector. A policy package including mandatory fuel efficiency standards, scraping of old vehicles, upward fuel price, and development of public transportation could lead to better management of fuel consumption in this sector. [source] Self-Regulation and Its Relations to Adaptive Functioning in Low Income YouthsAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY, Issue 1 2009John C. Buckner PhD Most studies of self-regulation involving children have linked it to specific outcomes within a single domain of adaptive functioning. The authors examined the association of self-regulation with a range of indices of adaptive functioning among 155 youth ages 8,18 years from families with very low income. Controlling for other explanatory variables, self-regulation was strongly associated with various outcome measures in the areas of mental health, behavior, academic achievement, and social competence. The authors also contrasted youths relatively high and low in self-regulation (the top and bottom quartiles). Youths with good self-regulation had much better indices of adaptive functioning across measures of social competence, academic achievement, grades, problem behaviors, and depression and anxiety than their counterparts with more diminished self-regulatory capacities. In addition, youths with better self-regulation skills stated more adaptive responses both in terms of how they coped with past stressful live events and how they would deal with hypothetical stressors. This study indicates that self-regulation is robustly associated with a range of important indices of adaptive functioning across many domains. Findings are discussed in light of their implications for theory and intervention for children of diverse economic backgrounds. [source] The Information Content of Method of Payment in Mergers: Evidence from Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)REAL ESTATE ECONOMICS, Issue 3 2001Robert D. Campbell We provide evidence on the information content of the method of payment in mergers by examining shareholder returns in a sample of REIT mergers over the period 1994,1998. When the target firm is publicly held, we find that transactions are always stock-financed, and that acquiring firm shareholders sustain small negative returns around the announcement date. When the target is privately held, cash financing, mixed (stock and cash) financing, and placement of blocks of acquirer stock with target owners are more prevalent. Acquirer returns are positive in stock-financed mergers when the target is private, which is consistent with both the information signaling and monitoring by blockholders hypotheses. Further analysis supports the information signaling hypothesis as the dominant explanation. The effects of other explanatory variables are similar whether the target is public or private. Most significantly, acquiring shareholder returns are negatively related to the acquirer's size, but positively related to the acquirer's use of the UPREIT organizational structure. The positive wealth effects of the UPREIT structure are not fully explained as the capitalization of tax benefits. [source] Information flows and option bid/ask spreadsTHE JOURNAL OF FUTURES MARKETS, Issue 12 2005Fredrik Berchtold This study analyzes two types of information flows in financial markets. The first type represents return information, where informed investors know whether the stock price will increase or decrease. The second type is labeled volatility information, where the direction of the stock price is unknown, but informed investors know that the stock price either will increase or decrease. Both information flows are estimated within the GARCH framework, approximated with the use of Swedish OMX stockindex and options strangle return shocks, respectively. The results show significant conditional stock-index and options strangle variance, although with notable differences. Stock-index return shocks exhibit a high level of variance persistence and an asymmetric initial impact to the variance. Option strangle shocks have a relatively low persistence level, but a higher and more symmetric initial impact. A time-series regression of call and put option bid/ask spreads is performed, relating the spreads to the information flows and other explanatory variables. The results show that call and put option bid/ask spreads are related to stock-index and options strangle return shocks, as well as the conditional stock-index variance. This is consistent with the view that market makers alter option spreads in response to return and volatility information flows, as well as the conditional stock-index variance.© 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 25:1147,1172, 2005 [source] | ||||||||||||||||