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Other Constituents (other + constituent)
Selected AbstractsTwo Triterpenoids and Other Constituents from Petasites tricholobus.CHEMINFORM, Issue 9 2006Wei-Dong Xie Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source] Oxygenated Diterpenes and Other Constituents from Moroccan Juniperus phoenicea and Juniperus thurifera Var. africanaCHEMINFORM, Issue 10 2005Alejandro F. Barrero Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source] Phenylpropanosids, Lignans and Other Constituents from Cremanthodium ellisii.CHEMINFORM, Issue 10 2005Ai-Xia Wang Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source] A New Quinolone and Other Constituents from the Fruits of Tetradium ruticarpum: Effects on Neutrophil Pro-Inflammatory ResponsesCHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY, Issue 7 2010Tzu-Ying Wang Abstract The fruit of Tetradium ruticarpum is widely used in healthcare products for the improvement of blood circulation, headache, abdominal pain, amenorrhea, chill limbs, migraine, and nausea. A new quinolone, 2-[(6Z,9Z)-pentadeca-6,9-dienyl]quinolin-4(1H)-one (1), has been isolated from the fruits of T. ruticarpum, together with eleven known compounds. The structure of the new compound was determined by NMR and MS analyses. Rutaecarpine (4), evodiamine (5), and skimmianine (7) exhibited inhibition (IC50,20.9,,M) of O generation by human neutrophils in response to N -formyl- L -methionyl- L -leucyl- L -phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB). In addition, 1, evocarpine (2), 4, 7, and evodol (8) inhibited fMLP/CB-induced elastase release with IC50 values ,14.4,,M. [source] Synthesis Mechanism of an Iron,Chromium Ceramic PigmentJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 1 2000Agustín Escardino The synthesis of a black Fe2O3,Cr2O3 pigment has been studied to better understand the synthesis mechanism. A mechanism is proposed according to which, under the tested operating conditions, one of the starting constituents (Cr2O3) is transferred, largely in a gas phase (after subliming), to the particle surface of the other constituent (Fe2O3), at which it is deposited or chemisorbed, forming a layer from which it diffuses inward into the Fe2O3 particles. The process stops when the composition of the resulting solid solution has become uniform. [source] Fast quantitative determination of diuretic drugs in tablets and human urine by microchip electrophoresis with native fluorescence detectionELECTROPHORESIS, Issue 16 2007Kamal Tolba Abstract Microchip electrophoresis (MCE) with native fluorescence detection has been applied for the fast quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical formulations. For this purpose, methods for fast separation and sensitive detection of the unlabeled diuretic drugs, amiloride, triamterene, bendroflumethiazide (BFMTZ), and bumetanide were developed. An epifluorescence setup was used enabling the coupling of different lasers into a commercial fluorescence microscope. The detection sensitivity of different excitation light sources was compared utilizing either a HeCd laser (,exc,=,325,nm), a frequency quadrupled Nd:YAG laser (,exc,=,266,nm), or a mercury lamp (,exc,=,330,380,nm). At optimal conditions using the HeCd laser, the drugs were separated within 15,s with LODs less than 1,,g/mL for the four compounds. A linear relationship between concentration and peak area was obtained in the concentration range of 0.05,20,,g/mL with a mean correlation coefficient of around 0.996 for all analytes. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of the respective drugs in commercial formulations and in human urine without interference from other constituents. These data show that MCE has a great potential for reliable drug analysis. [source] Composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Stachys plumosa Griseb.FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2006Silvana Petrovi Abstract The essential oil of Balkan endemic Stachys plumosa Griseb. obtained by steam distillation was analysed by GC and GC,MS. Essential oil yield was 0.15% (v/w) and 45 components were identified (86.9% of the total amount). Dehydroabietane was identified as the most prominent component (61.2%), while other constituents were present in much lower quantity, predominantly diterpenes kaurene and biformene (3.2% and 3.0%, respectively). The antimicrobial activity was tested on six bacterial strains and two fungal strains, using the agar diffusion method. Diameters of growth inhibition zones were measured. The most sensitive microorganisms were, in order: Pseudomonas aeruginosa > Bacillus subtilis > Enterococcus faecalis > Klebsiella pneumoniae > Candida albicans (ATCC 10259) > Candida albicans (ATCC 24433) > Escherichia coli > Staphylococcus aureus. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Permeability studies of alkylamides and caffeic acid conjugates from echinacea using a Caco-2 cell monolayer modelJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 1 2004A. Matthias Summary Background:, Echinacea is composed of three major groups of compounds that are thought to be responsible for stimulation of the immune system , the caffeic acid conjugates, alkylamides and polysaccharides. This study has focussed on the former two classes, as these are the constituents found in ethanolic liquid extracts. Objective:, To investigate the absorption of these two groups of compounds using Caco-2 monolayers, which are a model of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Results:, The caffeic acid conjugates (caftaric acid, echinacoside and cichoric acid) permeated poorly through the Caco-2 monolayers although one potential metabolite, cinnamic acid, diffused readily with an apparent permeability (Papp) of 1 × 10,4 cm/s. Alkylamides were found to diffuse through Caco-2 monolayers with Papp ranging from 3 × 10,6 to 3 × 10,4 cm/s. This diversity in Papp for the different alkylamides correlates to structural variations, with saturation and N-terminal methylation contributing to decreases in Papp. The transport of the alkylamides is not affected by the presence of other constituents and the results for synthetic alkylamides were in line with those for the alkylamides in the echinacea preparation. Conclusion:, Alkylamides but not caffeic acid conjugates are likely to cross the intestinal barrier. [source] Synthesis of heterotrimeric collagen peptides containing the ,1,1 integrin recognition site of collagen type IVJOURNAL OF PEPTIDE SCIENCE, Issue 5 2002Barbara Saccá Abstract Collagen type IV provides a biomechanically stable scaffold into which the other constituents of basement membranes are incorporated, but it also plays an important role in cell adhesion. This occurs with collagen type IV mainly via the ,1,1 integrin, and the proposed epitope involved in this type of collagen/integrin interaction corresponds to a non-sequential R/Xaa/D motif, where the arginine and aspartate residues are provided by the ,2 and ,1 chains of the collagen molecule, respectively. Since the stagger of the three , chains in native collagen type IV is still unknown and different alignments of the chains lead to different spatial epitopes, two heterotrimeric collagen peptides containing the natural 457,469 sequences of the cell adhesion site were synthesized in which the single chains were assembled via disulfide bonds into the two most plausible ,1,2,1, and ,2,1,1, registers. The differentiated triple-helical stabilities of the two heterotrimers suggest a significant structural role of the chain register in collagen, although the binding to ,1,1 integrin is apparently less affected as indicated by preliminary experiments. Copyright © 2002 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Surrogate Alcohol: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go?ALCOHOLISM, Issue 10 2007Dirk W. Lachenmeier Background:, Consumption of surrogate alcohols (i.e., nonbeverage alcohols and illegally produced alcohols) was shown to impact on different causes of death, not only poisoning or liver disease, and appears to be a major public health problem in Russia and elsewhere. Methods:, A computer-assisted literature review on chemical composition and health consequences of "surrogate alcohol" was conducted and more than 70 references were identified. A wider definition of the term "surrogate alcohol" was derived, including both nonbeverage alcohols and illegally produced alcohols that contain nonbeverage alcohols. Results:, Surrogate alcohol may contain substances that cause severe health consequences including death. Known toxic constituents include lead, which may lead to chronic toxicity, and methanol, which leads to acute poisoning. On the other hand, the role of higher alcohols (e.g., propanol, isobutanol, and isoamyl alcohol) in the etiology of surrogate-associated diseases is currently unclear. Whether other constituents of surrogates have contributed to the high all-cause mortality over and above the effect of ethanol in recent studies also remains unclear. Conclusions:, Given the high public health importance associated with the consumption of surrogate alcohols, further knowledge on its chemical composition is required as well as research on its links to various disease endpoints should be undertaken with priority. Some interventions to reduce the harm resulting from surrogate alcohol could be undertaken already at this point. For example, the use of methanol or methanol-containing wood alcohol should be abolished in denatured alcohol. Other possible surrogates (e.g., automobile products) should be treated with bittering agents to avoid consumption. [source] Antimicrobial activity of essential oil and methanol extracts of Achillea sintenisii Hub.PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 9 2003Mor. (Asteraceae) Abstract The essential oil, obtained by Clevenger distillation, and water-soluble and water-insoluble parts of the methanol extracts of Achillea sintenisii Hub. Mor. were individually assayed for their antimicrobial activities against 12 bacteria and two yeasts, Candida albicans and C. krusei. No activity was exhibited by the water-soluble subfraction, whereas both the water-insoluble subfraction of the methanol extracts and the essential oil were found to be active against some test microorganisms studied. Since the essential oil possessed stronger activity than the other extracts tested, it was further fractionated and the fractions were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity, followed by GC-MS analysis, resulting in the identi,cation of 32 compounds which constituted 90.2% of the total oil. The GC-MS analysis of the oil and its fractions revealed that the main components of the oil, e.g. camphor and eucalyptol, possessed appreciable activity against C. albicans and Clostridium perfringens. The ,ndings presented here also suggest that the other constituents of the oil, e.g. borneol and piperitone can also be taken into account for the activity observed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] In situ remediation of MTBE utilizing ozoneREMEDIATION, Issue 1 2002Jeffrey C. Dey There has been a great deal of focus on methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) over the past few years by local, state, and federal government, industry, public stakeholders, the environmental services market, and educational institutions. This focus is, in large part, the result of the widespread detection of MTBE in groundwater and surface waters across the United States. The presence of MTBE in groundwater has been attributed primarily to the release from underground storage tank (UST) systems at gasoline service stations. MTBE's physical and chemical properties are different than other constituents of gasoline that have traditionally been cause for concern [benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX)]. This difference in properties is why MTBE migrates differently in the subsurface environment and exhibits different constraints relative to mitigation and remediation of MTBE once it has been released to subsurface soils and groundwater. Resource Control Corporation (RCC) has accomplished the remediation of MTBE from subsurface soil and groundwater at multiple sites using ozone. RCC has successfully applied ozone at several sites with different lithologies, geochemistry, and concentrations of constituents of concern. This article presents results from several projects utilizing in situ chemical oxidation with ozone. On these projects MTBE concentrations in groundwater were reduced to remedial objectives usually sooner than anticipated. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] The German Lignocellulose Feedstock Biorefinery ProjectBIOFUELS, BIOPRODUCTS AND BIOREFINING, Issue 3 2010Jochen Michels Abstract Well-known wood-pulping processes are optimized on the generation of cellulose while other constituents like hemicelluloses and lignin become denatured during treatment excluding their higher valuable utilization as compounds. The main objective of the joint project Lignocellulose Feedstock Biorefinery (2007,2009) was the development of a sustainable, integrated process for treatment and component separation of domestic lignocellulosic raw material, such as beech and poplar. All components (extracts, cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin) should be fractionized and conserved in a form, which allows further processing (biotechnological and/or chemical) for the generation of added-value products from each fraction. Pre-treatment and component separation on the basis of the OrganoSolv pulping process could be optimized in 1-kg-scale for the demands of the biorefinery and successfully transferred to a continuous process in 10-kg-scale with solvent recovery. Pre-treatments and component separations in ionic liquids are possible, but economically they are not competitive. The results of the techno-economic and ecological assessment showed that it is possible to run a lignocellulose feedstock biorefinery with a capacity of about 400 000 t/a wood in an economically and environmentally sound way. A conceptual design of a pilot plant was generated. Its realization and operation will become part of a follow-up project proposal. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd [source] Altered course of the right testicular arteryCLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 1 2004M. Bülent Özdemir Abstract An unusual course of the right testicular artery was observed during routine dissection of the posterior abdominal wall of a 60-year-old male cadaver. It arose from the abdominal aorta, inferior and posterior to the origin of the right renal artery, and passed posterior to the inferior vena cava and right renal vein; it then arched anterior to the inferior pole of the right kidney and descended anterior to the psoas major muscle, crossing anterior to the genitofemoral nerve, ureter and the proximal part of the external iliac artery. Finally, it passed to the deep inguinal ring and through the inguinal canal to enter the spermatic cord with the other constituents. The left testicular artery arose from the abdominal aorta about 1 cm higher than the right testicular artery and followed a normal course. The embryologic basis and clinical importance of this case are discussed. Clin. Anat. 17:67,69, 2004. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | ||||||||||||||||