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Osteoconductive Potential (osteoconductive + potential)

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Medical Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

In vivo evaluation of hydroxyapatite foams

JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH, Issue 4 2002
P. Sepulveda
Abstract Hydroxyapatite (HA) is widely applied as bone graft material due to its osteoconductive potential and well-established biocompatibility. In this work, macroporous hydroxyapatite structures made through foaming of aqueous suspensions and gelcasting were tested for in vivo osteointegration. These foams are composed of a three-dimensional array of spherical pores with diameters of approximately 100,500 ,m, interconnected by windows of smaller size in the range of 30,120 ,m. The HA foams were implanted in the tibia of albino New Zealand rabbits and removed after a period of 8 weeks. Histological analysis revealed that the pores in the foams were partially or completely filled progressively with mature new bone tissue and osteoid after the implanted period. No immune or inflammatory reactions were detected. The high osteoconductive potential of the HA foams provides a potential structure for use as bone substitute in orthopedic, oral, and cranio-maxillofacial reconstructive surgery, and as dento-alveolar implants. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 62: 587,592, 2002 [source]

Osteogenic Evaluation of Glutaraldehyde Crosslinked Gelatin Composite with Fetal Rat Calvarial Culture Model

ARTIFICIAL ORGANS, Issue 8 2001
Hwa-Chang Liu
Abstract: The cytotoxicity of the synthetic bone substitute composed of tricalcium phosphate and glutaraldehyde crosslinked gelatin (GTG) were evaluated by osteoblast cell culture. In a previous study, the GTG composites were soaked in distilled water for 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 28, and 42 days, and then the solutions (or extracts) were cocultured with osteoblasts to evaluate the cytotoxicity of GTG composites by alive cell counting. In this study, the extracts were cocultured with the osteoblasts; thereafter, the concentration of transforming growth factor-, (TGF-,1) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the medium was analyzed to strictly reflect the biological effects of GTG composites on the growth of osteoblasts. In order to investigate the osteoconductive potential of the GTG composites on new bone formation in a relative short term, a model of neonatal rat calvarial organ culture was designed prior to animal experiments. Three experimental materials of 4, 8, and 12% GTG composites were evaluated by fetal rat calvarial organ culture for their ability for bone regeneration. Deproteinized bovine and porcine cancellous bone matrixes were used as the controlled materials. All the organ culture units were maintained in cultured medium for 5 weeks. Following the culture period, the morphology of tissue was observed under an optical microscope, and the quantitative evaluation of the new generation bone was determined by using a semiautomatic histomorphometeric method. Except in the initial 4 days, the concentration of TGF-,1 of 4% and 8% GTG composites was higher than that of the blank group for all the other experimental time periods. The PGE2 concentration for 4% and 8% GTG composites was lower than that of the blank group. It revealed that the 4% and 8% GTG composites would not lead to inflammation and would promote osteoblast growth. The morphology and activity of the osteoblasts were not transformed or changed by the 2 GTG composites. For the 12% GTG composite, the performance of the in vitro condition was inferior to the blank group and the other 2 GTG composites. Although the concentration of TGF-,1 and PGE2 was gradually back to normal after 14 days, the morphology of the osteoblasts was abnormal with features such as contracted cytoplast structures. The osteoblast was damaged perhaps in the initial stage. We suggested that the 4% and 8% GTG composites should be soaked in distilled water at least for 4 days before medical applications. The 12% GTG composite and the composites with a concentration of glutaraldehyde solution higher than 12% were not recommended as a medical prostheses in any condition. The fetal rat calvaria culture also showed the same results with the analysis of TGF-,1 and PGE2. From the study, we could predict the results of animal experiments in the future. [source]

Bone formation at titanium porous oxide (TiUniteÔ) oral implants in type IV bone

CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 1 2005
Yi-Hao Huang
Abstract Background: Several oral implant design advances have been suggested to overcome poor bone quality, an impediment for successful implant treatment. A novel titanium porous oxide (TPO) surface has been shown to offer favorable results in several settings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the local bone formation and osseointegration at TPO-modified implants in type IV bone. Method: Three TPO surface-modified implants (TiUniteÔ) were installed into the edentulated posterior maxilla in each of 8 Cynomolgus monkeys. The animals were injected with fluorescent bone labels at 2, 3, 4 and 16 weeks post-surgery and were euthanized at week 16 when block biopsies were collected for histologic analysis. Results: The predominant observation of the TPO implant surface was a thin layer of new bone covering most of the implant threads. Mean (±SE) bone,implant contact for the whole study group was 74.1±4.8%. There was a significant variability in bone,implant contact between animals (P=0.0003) and between sites of the same animal (P<0.0001). The variance in bone,implant contact was 30% larger among sites of the same animal than between different animals (187.5 vs. 144.8, respectively). There was a small but significant difference in bone density immediately outside, compared to within the threaded area of the implants (37.1±3.2% vs. 32.1±3.2%, P<0.0001). Bone density outside the implant threads was significantly correlated (,=0.682, P<0.0001) with the bone density within thethreaded area. Bone density within the threaded area was significantly correlated (,=0.493, P=0.0002) with bone,implant contact, whereas bone density outside the implant threads did not have a significant effect (,=0.232, P=0.1). Conclusions: The results suggest that the TPO surface possesses a considerable osteoconductive potential promoting a high level of implant osseointegration in type IV bone in the posterior maxilla. Résumé Différents nouveaux modèles d'implants ont été suggéréspour tenter de compenser la mauvaise qualité osseuse qui est un problème pour le traitement implantaire à succès. Une nouvelle surface en oxyde poreux de titane (TPO) a apporté des résultats favorables en différentes occasions. L'objectif de cette étude a été d'évaluer la formation osseuse locale et l'ostéoïntégration d'implants modifiés TPO dans de l'os de qualité type IV. Trois implants dont la surface était modifiée TPO (TiUniteTM) ont été insérés dans un maxillaire édenté postérieur de huit singes cynomolgus. Les animaux ont subi des injections de marqueurs osseux par flurorescence à deux, trois, quatre et seize semaines après la chirurgie et ont été euthanasiés à la semaine 16 quand des biopsies en bloc ont été prélevées pour l'analyse histologique. L'observation prédominante de la surface implantaire TPO était une fine couche de nouvel os couvrant la plupart des filetages implantaires. La moyenne ±SE du contact os-implant pour tout le groupe étudiéétait de 74±5%. Il y avait une variation significative dans le contact os-implant entre les animaux (P<0,0003) et entre les sites d'un même animal (P<0,0001). La variance du contact os-implant était 30% plus importante parmi les sites du même animal qu'entre différents animaux (respectivement 187 et 145). Il y avait une différence significative bien que faible dans la densité osseuse immédiatement á l'extérieur comparéà l'intérieur des zones à filetage des implants (37±3% vs 32±3%, P<0,0001). La densité osseuse en dehors des filetages implantaires était en corrélation significative (ß=0,682, P<0,0001) avec la densité osseuse à l'intérieur des zones de filetage. La densité osseuse à l'intérieur des zones de filetage était en corrélation significative (ß=0,493, P<0,0002) avec le contact os-implant, tandis que la densité osseuse en dehors des filetages implantaires n'avait pas d'effet significatif (ß=0,232, P=0,1). Ces résultats suggèrent que la surface TPO possède un potentiel ostéoconducteur considérable qui peut promouvoir une ostéoïntégration implantaire de haut niveau dans l'os de type IV dans la région maxillaire postérieure. Zusammenfassung Ziel: Um trotz schlechter Knochenqualität die Aussicht auf eine erfolgreiche implantologische Behandlung zu verbessern, wurden verschiedene Entwicklungen des Designs von Zahnimplantaten vorgeschlagen. Bei verschiedenen Gelegenheiten hat eine neue poröse Titanoxidoberfläche (TPO) scheinbar vorteilhafte Resultate gezeigt. Das Ziel dieser Studie war, die lokale Knochenbildung und die Osseointegration von Implantaten mit einer TPO-modifizierten Oberfläche im Typ IV Knochen zu untersuchen. Methode: In die zahnlosen posterioren Oberkiefern eines jeden von 8 Cynomolgus-Affen implantierte man drei Implantate mit einer TPO-modifizierten Oberfläche (TiUnite®). Den Tieren wurden 2, 3, 4 und 16 Wochen nach dem chirurgischen Eingriff fluoreszierende Knochenmarker injiziert und in der Wochen 16 wurden sie eingeschläfert und für die histologische Analyse Blockbiopsien entnommen. Resultate: Die wichtigste Beobachtung bei der TPO-Implantatoberfläche war eine dünne Schicht neuen Knochens, welche die meisten Schraubenwindungen des Implantates bedeckte. Der mittlere Knochen-Implantatkontakt (±SE) betrug in der ganzen Testgruppe 74.1±4.8%. Man fand eine signifikante Variabilität des Knochen-Implantatkontaktes unterhalb der Tiere (P=0.0003) und auch unterhalb der verschiedenen Impantate desselben Tieres (P<0.0001). Innerhalb der Implantate desselben Tieres war die Varianz des Knochen-Implantatkontaktes bis zu 30% grösser, als zwischen den verschiedenen Tieren (187.5 gegenüber 144.8). Man fand auch einen kleinen, aber signifikanten Unterschied der Knochendichte im Bereich direkt ausserhalb der Schraubenwindungen, verglichen mit dem inneren Bereich (37.1±3.2% gegenüber 32.1±3.2%, P<0.0001). Diese beiden Knochendichten waren aber signifikant miteinander korreliert (0.682, P<0.0001). Die Knochendichte innerhalb der Schraubenwindungen korrelierte signifikant mit dem Knochen-Implantat-Kontakt (ß=0.493, P=0.0002), währenddem die Knochendichte ausserhalb des Bereiches der Schraubenwindungen in dieser Beziehung keine signifikante Korrelation aufwies (ß=0.232, P=0.1). Zusammenfassung: Die Resultate lassen vermuten, dass die TPO-Oberfläche eine beachtliche osteokonduktive Fähigkeit hat, die im posterioren Oberkieferbereich mit Typ IV Knochen zu einer sehr guten Osseointegration führt. Resumen Antecedentes: Se han sugerido varios avances en los diseños de los implantes orales para superar una baja calidad de hueso, un impedimento para un tratamiento exitoso de implantes. Se ha presentado una nueva superficie de óxido de titanio poroso (TPO) que ofrece resultados favorables en diversas situaciones. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la formación local de hueso y la osteointegración en implantes TPO modificados en hueso tipo IV. Método: Se instalaron tres implantes (TiUniteTM) con superficie modificada TPO en el maxilar posterior edéntulo en 8 monos Cynomolgus. Los animales fueron inyectados con marcadores óseos fluorescentes en la semana 2, 3, 4 y 16 tras la cirugía y se sacrificaron en la semana 16 recogiéndose biopsias en bloque para análisis histológicos. Resultados: La observación predominante de la superficie TPO del implante fue una fina capa de hueso nuevo cubriendo la mayor parte de las roscas. El contacto hueso-implante medio (±SE) para todo el grupo de estudio fue de 74.1±4.8%. Hubo una variabilidad significativa en el contacto hueso-implante entre animales (P=0.0003) y entre lugares del mismo animal (P<0.0001). La varianza en el contacto hueso-implante fue un 30% mayor entre lugares del mismo animal que entre los diferentes animales (187.5 vs. 144.8, respectivamente). Hubo una pequeña pero significativa diferencia en la densidad ósea inmediatamente por fuera comparada con el área roscada de los implantes (37.1±3.2% vs. 32.1±3.2%, P<0.0001). La densidad ósea por fuera de las roscas del implante se correlacionó significativamente (,=0.682, P<0.0001) con la densidad ósea entre las áreas de roscas. La densidad ósea entre las áreas de roscas se correlacionó significativamente (,=0.492, P<0.0002) con el contacto hueso implante, mientras que la densidad ósea por fuera de las roscas del implante no tuvo un efecto significativo (,=0.232, P=0.1). Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren que la superficieTPOposee un considerable potencial osteoconductivo promoviendo un alto nivel de osteointegracióndel implante en hueso tipo IV en el maxilar posterior. [source]

Porous silicon as a cell interface for bone tissue engineering

PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (A) APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE, Issue 5 2007
Wei Sun
Abstract A novel cell interface has been constructed on porous silicon. We have demonstrated that nano- to macro-scale porous architectures have promising osteoconductive potentials. Macroporous silicon (pore opening 1,2 µm) is especially favorable for osteoblast adhesion, growth, protein synthesis and mineralization. An electronic/optoelectronic controllable medical implant with both scaffolding and drug delivery functions may be created for orthopaedic tissue engineering with this material. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source]