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Original Method (original + method)
Selected AbstractsA Comparison of 14 Jams Characterized by Conventional Profile and a Quick Original Method, the Flash ProfileJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 2 2002V. Dairou ABSTRACT: Flash Profile (FP) is a sensory descriptive method derived from Free Choice Profiling where each subject chooses and uses his/her own words to evaluate the whole product set comparatively. Two different panels were set up in order to compare the efficiency of FP with conventional profile on the same 14 products (red fruit jams). The 2 procedures produced similar information both in respect to the way the jams grouped and differed from another. However, FP proved to be faster than conventional profile but less self-explanatory from a semantic point of view. Flash profile appears to be an interesting alternative method to evaluate quickly an array of products. [source] Suppressive properties of human CD4+CD25+ regulatory T,cells are dependent on CTLA-4 expressionEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 12 2004Brigitte Birebent Abstract It has been demonstrated that T,cells with regulatory properties are present within the peripheral blood CD4+CD25+ T,cell compartment. Here, we describe an original method to purify human CD4+CD25+CD152+ T,lymphocytes as living cells by forcing the exportation of CTLA-4 molecules stored in intracellular vesicules at the cell surface. By doing so, we demonstrate that CD4+CD25+ T,cells contain a smaller and more homogeneous population enriched in cells with in vitro regulatory activity. Moreover, we show that this enrichment in regulatory T,cells is associated with an increased expression of Foxp3 and that CD4+CD25+CD152+ T,lymphocytes display a much stronger suppressive activity in controlling in vitro proliferation of alloantigen-specific T,cells than CD4+CD25+CD152, T,lymphocytes purified in parallel. Lastly, by purifying such cells expressing CTLA-4, we demonstrate that indeed CTLA-4 is involved in CD4+CD25+CD152+ T,cell regulatory activity, while suppressive cytokines are not. [source] High-speed-range enhancement of switched reluctance motor with continuous mode for automotive applicationsEUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL POWER, Issue 7 2008M. Rekik Abstract This paper describes an original method for the elaboration of control laws for the Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) for high-speed operation. In this case, the control optimisation relies on the choice of optimal turn-on and turn-off angles to ensure, in general, high global efficiency, in classical supply mode with full-wave voltage. Then, after showing the influence of number of turns, a new supply mode called the continuous mode is described. This mode, used with a higher number of turns, allows to reduce the inverter current rating and hence silicon requirements without compromising performance at high speed. This makes the SRM competitive compared to other technologies (synchronous and induction motors). The simulation results for a 12/8 SRM are presented and compared to those for an induction motor. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Analytical Modelling of the Radiative Properties of Metallic Foams: Contribution of X-Ray TomographyADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 4 2008M. Loretz Two metallic foams exhibiting a similar porosity but different cell sizes have been characterized using X-ray tomography. The images have been processed and analysed to retrieve the morphological properties required for the calculation of the radiative properties such as the extinction coefficient. The multiple possibilities of using the X-ray tomography method rather than conventional optical methods like SEM have been quantified. The extinction coefficient has then been determined from two approaches. First, the resulting morphological properties have been used as the input data of the conventional independent scattering theory. A special emphasis is put on the determination of morphological properties and their influence on the results. In the second approach, an original method is also proposed in order to determine the extinction coefficient of highly porous open cell metal foams, from the tomographic images and without any calculation or hypothesis. Results show a good agreement with the extinction coefficient obtained from experimental measurements. Our novel method enables to reduce uncertainties considerably. [source] School Attendance and Skill Premiums in France and the US: A General Equilibrium Approach,FISCAL STUDIES, Issue 4 2007David De La Croix We evaluate the effect of education policies, welfare programmes, technology and demographics on the differential evolution of the skill premium and on the rise in education investment in France and the US. We use a computable general equilibrium model with overlapping generations of individuals and endogenous education decisions. Human capital has two substitutable components - experience and education - both of which evolve endogenously over time. We use an original method to calibrate our model properly on the post-war period and run counterfactual experiments to assess the relative contributions of the different exogenous variables. The expansionary French education policy boosted the supply of skills and kept the skill premium low. In contrast, increasing education costs in the US contributed to increased wage differentials by reducing the rise in educational attainment. Skill-biased technical change is key to understanding rising school attendance and skill premiums in the US. It has a less important role and appears to be delayed in France. [source] Time/Space-Resolved Studies of the Nafion Membrane Hydration Profile in a Running Fuel CellADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 5 2009Valerio Rossi Albertini The hydration profile of proton-exchange membranes (PEM) in running fuel cells (FC) are obtained through an original method that employs very-high-energy synchrotron-radiation X-ray diffraction in space/time-resolved measurements. Determining the amount and spatial distribution of water in the polymeric membrane of PEMFCs under working conditions is of utmost importance in PEMFC technology, since FC performances are strongly dependent on PEM hydration. [source] An updated interactive boundary layer method for high Reynolds number flowsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING, Issue 2 2006F. Álvarez Abstract The quasi-simultaneous interactive boundary layer (IBL) method is improved with the iterative correction of an inviscid operator. The updated interactive boundary layer method (UIBL) presented in this work, uses the Hess,Smith panel method (HSPM) as an inviscid operator to update the outer flow calculation and the inviscid velocity in the interaction law (IL). The discretization of the Hilbert integral (HI) from the original method is modified to reduce the error introduced by the calculation of the HI in a restricted domain. The method is tested on a flat plate with a small indentation for two-dimensional, steady, incompressible and laminar flow. The UIBL method is capable to predict the flow separation and reattachment with good accuracy. The accuracy of the results is competitive with the numerical solution of the Navier,Stokes equations (NSE). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Calibration of a measuring robot: Experimental results on a 5 DOF structureJOURNAL OF FIELD ROBOTICS (FORMERLY JOURNAL OF ROBOTIC SYSTEMS), Issue 5 2001Alberto Omodei An original method for the static calibration of robots using the pose matching approach is presented. Three algorithms for the identification of the structural parameters are investigated. The procedure includes a methodology to automatically remove the unnecessary parameters for the robot under analysis. After a theoretical introduction, the methodology is practically applied to an actual 5 DOF measuring robot used in a shoe manufactory industry. The accuracy of the robot is increased up to its repeatability. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [source] N -Terminal domain of HTLV-I integrase.JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE SCIENCE, Issue 11 2001Complexation, conformational studies of the zinc finger Abstract The HTLV-I integrase N -terminal domain [50-residue peptide (IN50)], and a 35-residue truncated peptide formed by residues 9,43 (IN35) have been synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis. Formation of the 50-residue zinc finger type structure through a HHCC motif has been proved by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. Its stability was demonstrated by an original method using RP-HPLC. Similar experiments performed on the 35-residue peptide showed that the truncation does not prevent zinc complex formation but rather that it significantly influences its stability. As evidenced by CD spectroscopy, the 50-residue zinc finger is unordered in aqueous solution but adopts a partially helical conformation when trifluoroethanol is added. These results are in agreement with our secondary structure predictions and demonstrate that the HTLV-I integrase N -terminal domain is likely to be composed of an helical region (residues 28,42) and a ,-strand (residues 20,23), associated with a HHCC zinc-binding motif. Size-exclusion chromatography showed that the structured zinc finger dimerizes through the helical region. Copyright © 2000 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A new approach for controlling birefringent property of cyclic olefin copolymersJOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE (IN TWO SECTIONS), Issue 22 2008Hoang The Ban Abstract This article reports an original method to control the birefringent property of the cyclic olefin copolymer, which has been recently commercialized as a new type of optical resins, via introduction of a third monomer that possesses a negative birefringence into the cyclic olefin copolymer that exhibits an inherently positive birefringence. The mutual compensation between these opposite-sign birefringences effectively reduced the birefringent magnitude of the corresponding terpolymer. In fact, terpolymerization of norbornene (N), ethylene (E), and styrene (S), in which S exhibits a negative birefringence regarding to the positive birefringence of the NE copolymer was successfully prepared using fluorenylamidodimethyltitanium-based catalyst, yielding NES terpolymers with controllable birefringent property. Especially, when the S content in the NES terpolymer was controlled at optimum values, it is possible to synthesize a new type of the cyclic olefin copolymer that exhibits an extremely low birefringent magnitude close to zero regardless of high degrees of chain orientation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 7395,7400, 2008 [source] Analysis of aromatic and terpenic constituents of pepper extracts by capillary electrochromatographyJOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, JSS, Issue 4 2007Alessandro Musenga Abstract An original method based on CEC has been developed for the determination of aromatic and terpenic compounds in extracts of spices obtained from Piper nigrum. The method is based on the use of a fused silica capillary (effective length: 23.5 cm, internal diameter: 100 ,m) packed with a C18 sorbent (packing length: 23 cm, particle size: 5 ,m). The mobile phase is a 50 mM, pH 6.0 ammonium acetate/ACN (10:90 v/v) mixture. Applying a 30 kV voltage, the following 11 compounds were separated and analysed: terpinen-4-ol, caryophyllene oxide, limonene, ,-pinene, 3-carene, ,-pinene, ,-humulene, ,-caryophyllene, ,-phellandrene, eugenol and piperine. Compound determination is carried out using a diode-array detector set at 265 and 338 nm for ,-phellandrene and piperine, respectively, and at 210 nm (reference subtraction at 282 nm) for all the other analytes. The optimised method has been validated with good results in terms of linearity, limits of quantitation, detection and precision. The CEC method was successfully applied to the analysis of essential oils and methanolic extracts of ,black', ,white' and ,green' pepper. [source] Typologie et vitalité des communautés francophones minoritaires au CanadaTHE CANADIAN GEOGRAPHER/LE GEOGRAPHE CANADIEN, Issue 4 2006ANDRÉ LANGLOIS La vitalité des communautés francophones minoritaires du Canada, souvent expliquée par les conjonctures démographique et institutionnelle et par le contexte politico-juridique, souffre encore d'une relative rareté de travaux empiriques illustrant l'action de ces facteurs à l'échelle des communautés. Cette rareté n'a pas permis jusqu'à maintenant d'élaborer une véritable analyse de l'effet de milieu sur la vitalité communautaire des minorités francophones. Notre étude se propose de mieux caractériser la présence francophone dans l'espace canadien hors Québec et, ce faisant, les milieux dans lesquels se construit la vie française au pays. Elle se fonde sur l'idée que la présence francophone, caractérisant un lieu donné, profite également d'un contexte plus large dont les ressources ne peuvent faire autrement que de rejaillir sur la communauté locale. À l'idée de présence localisée, nous ajoutons l'idée de présence contextualisée pour mieux faire le lien entre présence et vitalité communautaire. Une méthode originale est présentée ici qui permet de mettre en application cette complémentarité entre ces deux types de présence. Prenant la forme d'une typologie des milieux francophones minoritaires, elle fournit un nouvel éclairage sur la situation des populations francophones du Canada. Une analyse exploratoire des comportements linguistiques de ces populations selon les milieux issus de la typologie montre qu'une telle approche est susceptible d'ouvrir la voie à une meilleure appréhension de la vitalité communautaire en milieu minoritaire. The community vitality of the French-speaking minorities of Canada, often explained by their demographic and institutional situations as well by politico-legal context, still suffers from a relative scarcity of empirical work that illustrates the role of these factors at the community scale. This research neglect has meant that there is no effective analysis of the milieu effect on the community vitality of the French-speaking minorities. This study proposes to better characterize the French-speaking presence in Canada outside Québec and to interpret the milieus upon which French life is built. The analysis is based on the idea that the French-speaking presence that characterizes a given place benefits from a broader context whose resources further impact the local community. To the idea of ,localized presence', we add the idea of ,contextualized presence' to better understand the link between presence and community vitality. An original method is presented which makes it possible to apply the complementarity between these two types of presence. The paper presents a typology of Francophone milieus that provides new insights on the situation of the French-speaking populations of Canada outside Québec. An exploratory analysis of the linguistic behavior of these populations according to the milieus identified within this typology reveals the potential of this analysis for a better understanding of community vitality in a minority situation. [source] A robust method for the joint estimation of yield coefficients and kinetic parameters in bioprocess modelsBIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS, Issue 3 2009V. Vastemans Abstract Bioprocess model structures that require nonlinear parameter estimation, thus initialization values, are often subject to poor identification performances because of the uncertainty on those initialization values. Under some conditions on the model structure, it is possible to partially circumvent this problem by an appropriate decoupling of the linear part of the model from the nonlinear part of it. This article provides a procedure to be followed when these structural conditions are not satisfied. An original method for decoupling two sets of parameters, namely, kinetic parameters from maximum growth, production, decay rates, and yield coefficients, is presented. It exhibits the advantage of requiring only initialization of the first subset of parameters. In comparison with a classical nonlinear estimation procedure, in which all the parameters are freed, results show enhanced robustness of model identification with regard to parameter initialization errors. This is illustrated by means of three simulation case studies: a fed-batch Human Embryo Kidney cell cultivation process using a macroscopic reaction scheme description, a process of cyclodextrin-glucanotransferase production by Bacillus circulans, and a process of simultaneous starch saccharification and glucose fermentation to lactic acid by Lactobacillus delbrückii, both based on a Luedeking-Piret model structure. Additionally, perspectives of the presented procedure in the context of systematic bioprocess modeling are promising. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009 [source] Twenty years of experience with Krzeski's cystovaginoplasty for vaginal agenesis in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster,Hauser syndrome: anatomical, histological, cytological and functional resultsBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 11 2008Andrzej Borkowski OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term anatomical results using the original method of vaginal reconstruction with a pedicled bladder flap (Krzeski's cystovaginoplasty, CVP) in women with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster,Hauser syndrome (MRKHS) and the evaluation of radiological, histological, cytohormonal and functional results of CVP. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between 1981 and 2000, 38 patients (mean age 22.5 years, range 18,40) with MRKHS underwent CVP. A physical examination was used to evaluate the anatomical results, 27 patients had vaginography, and biopsies of the neovaginal wall and cytohormonal smears were taken in two. Functional sexual and urinary results, and opinions on CVP, were evaluated by an inventory mailed to 37 patients in 2000. RESULTS The anatomical result was good in 37 patients during a mean (range) follow-up of 9 (0.25,19) years; the result was good in 30 patients, but seven developed vaginal stenosis that was successfully repaired. There were two cases of post-coital vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) at 18 months after CVP. Vaginal biopsies showed epithelialization of the posterior vaginal wall and gradual metaplastic changes from urothelium to stratified nonsquamous epithelium. Cytological smears showed a normal biphasic pattern and neovaginal susceptibility to hormonal milieu. In all, 27 patients (73%) responded to the questionnaire. All had sexual partners and started sexual intercourse at a mean of 14 months after CVP; 89% experience orgasms and in 48% the vagina was the source; 40% sometimes used lubricants and seven (26%) used vaginal dilators. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) after CVP were reported by 19 (66%) of the women and in six the LUTS were persistent. One patient was not satisfied with the functional and anatomical result of CVP, 89% declared that it improved sexual life, 93% would undergo CVP again and in 92% the quality of their sexual life was improved. All patients, when asked, stated that they would recommend CVP to another patient with MRKHS. CONCLUSIONS Vaginal reconstruction by CVP is characterized by good anatomical and functional results, sustained by long-term observation. The resultant epithelium is very similar to that of the native vagina in histology and function. All vaginas are functional and the level of patient satisfaction was high. The level of complications was acceptable, but in some patients LUTS can persist. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||