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Orthodontic Treatment (orthodontic + treatment)
Terms modified by Orthodontic Treatment Selected AbstractsIs the Child Oral Health Quality of Life Questionnaire Sensitive to Change in the Context of Orthodontic Treatment?JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY, Issue 4 2008A Brief Communication Abstract Objective: This study aimed to assess the ability of the Child Oral Health Quality of Life Questionnaire (COHQoL) to detect change following provision of orthodontic treatment. Methods: Children were recruited from an orthodontic clinic just prior to starting orthodontic treatment. They completed a copy of the Child Perception Questionnaire, while their parents completed a copy of the Parents Perception Questionnaire and the Family Impact Scale. Normative outcomes were assessed using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index. Change scores and effect sizes were calculated for all scales. Results: Complete data were collected for 45 children and 26 parents. The mean age was 12.6 years (standard deviation = 1.4). There were significant pre-/posttreatment changes in DAI and PAR scores and significant changes in scores on all three questionnaires (P < 0.05). Effect sizes for the latter were moderate. Global transition judgments also confirmed pre-/posttreatment improvements in oral health and well-being. Conclusion: The results provide preliminary evidence of the sensitivity to change of the COHQoL questionnaires when used with children receiving orthodontic treatment. However, the study needs to be repeated in different treatment settings and with a larger sample size in order to confirm the utility of the measure. [source] Caries outcomes after orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances: do lingual brackets make a difference?EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 3 2010M. H. Van Der Veen van der Veen MH, Attin R, Schwestka-Polly R, Wiechmann D. Caries outcomes after orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances: do lingual brackets make a difference? Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 298,303.©2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci Orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances is considered a risk factor for the development of white spot caries lesions (WSL). Traditionally, brackets are bonded to the buccal surfaces. Lingual brackets are developing rapidly and have become more readily available. Buccal surfaces are considered to be more caries prone than lingual surfaces. Furthermore, lingual brackets are shaped to fit the morphology of the teeth and seal almost the entire surface. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that lingual brackets result in a lower caries incidence than buccal brackets. We tested this hypothesis using a split-mouth design where subjects were allocated randomly to a group receiving either buccal or lingual brackets on the maxillary teeth and the alternative bracket type in the mandible. The results indicate that buccal surfaces are more prone to WSL development, especially when WSL existed before treatment. The number of WSL that developed or progressed on buccal surfaces was 4.8 times higher than the number of WSL that developed or progressed on lingual surfaces. When measured using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF), the increase in integrated fluorescence loss was 10.6 times higher buccally than lingually. We conclude that lingual brackets make a difference when caries lesion incidence is concerned. [source] Orthodontic treatment of anterior open biteINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 2 2008CHUI SHAN TERESA NG Objective. To review the currently available treatment options of anterior open bite. Methods. Search all major dental journals and literature on treatment and management of anterior open bite. Medline search (1960,2006). Literature and data on treatment and management of anterior open bite with keywords ,open bite', ,anterior open bite', ,orthodontic treatment', ,long face', ,vertical dentoalveolar problem' and ,vertical skeletal problem'. Results. Over 50 articles were found and relevant information and data were reviewed by the authors. It was found that the multifactorial nature of anterior open bite makes its management difficult and various treatment modalities are being used. Clinicians must be able to diagnose the problem and choose the best treatment. Conclusion. Successful treatment of anterior open bite greatly relies on both diagnosis and therapeutics. Although there are many different treatment modalities available, stability after treatment is still a critical issue as evidence on long term stability of various treatment options is lacking. Thus, clinicians should pay more attention during retention phase and long-term studies on post-treatment changes and stability should be encouraged. [source] The behaviour of the periodontal ligament is influencing the use of new treatment toolsJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 9 2006CH. SANDER summary, Orthodontic treatment can cause resorptions on teeth. Factors causing resorptions are forces and moments. Other factors that cause resorptions are less influenced by an orthodontic treatment. By carrying out experiments and finite element calculations, it was possible to demonstrate that forces and moments will produce stress in certain parts of the periodontal ligament and the root. This stress reaches or exceeds the blood pressure in some areas. To avoid high pressure in those areas, new treatment devices were constructed consisting of NiTi wires or a combination of NiTi and stainless steel. In the levelling phase, the acting forces remained below 0·5 N using NiTi wire with a diameter of 0·012, (using elastic ligatures). With a NiTi stainless steel spring molars can be uprighted. The orthodontist can easily choose between an intrusive force, a very low intrusive force and an extrusive force. Because of the use of NiTi elements, there was acting an almost constant moment. [source] Traumatic injuries to permanent teeth in Turkish children, AnkaraDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2009Ceyhan Altun From a total of 4956 children aged 6,12 years (mean age: 8.91 ± 1.95) applying to the Center, 472 children (9.5%) were found to have suffered dental injuries during a period of 2 years. Injuries were classified according to drawings and texts based on the WHO classification system, as modified by Andreasen and Andreasen. Injury rates were highest among children age 6 and ages 8,10. The most frequently injured permanent teeth were the maxillary central incisors (88.2%), and the maxillary right central permanent incisor made up 47.2% of all injured teeth. The most common cause of dental trauma was falling while walking or running (40.3%). Most injuries involved a single tooth (64.8%). The most common type of injury was enamel fracture (44.6%). There was a significant difference in gender, where boys more often suffered from a dental hard tissue and pulp injury than girls (P = 0.019), whereas there was no difference in gender (P = 0.248) in the distribution of periodontal injuries. Injuries were found to occur more frequently during the summer (P < 0.001). Children with increased overjet were 2.19 times more likely to have dental injuries than other children. Considering that the incidence of traumatic dental injury is highest among children ages 6 and ages 8,10 as well as the fact that patients with increased overjet are more prone to dental trauma, preventive orthodontic treatment in early mixed dentition may play an important role in reducing traumatic dental injuries. [source] Studies on dentin grafts to bone defects in rabbit tibia and mandible; development of an experimental modelDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2009Lars Andersson This property may possibly be used as an alternative or supplement to bone grafting to defective areas after trauma prior to treatment with osseointegrated implants. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate if dentin can be used as a graft in bone defects in an experimental rabbit model. Materials and Methods:, Eight New Zealand White Rabbits were used to prepare bone cavities either in the angle of the mandible or tibia. Six of the eight tibial and six of the eight mandibular bone defects were filled with dentin blocks from human premolars which were extracted for orthodontic treatment. Two mandibular and two tibial bone cavities were used as controls and all the rabbits were sacrificed after 3 months. Radiographic and histological examinations were performed. Results:, There was a difference in healing pattern between the mandibular and tibial defects. In the mandible, the dentin blocks were resorbed to a larger extent and more often surrounded by fibrous tissue, probably due to the fact that the dentin blocks were mobile because of the thin mandibles and muscular activity in that area. Only some dentin blocks were ankylosed with the mandibular bone. In the tibia however, all dentin blocks were fused to bone over a large area. Osseous replacement resorption was seen. In control cavities, bone formation was seen but was never complete. No signs of inflammatory changes were seen in any fused grafts. Conclusions:, Dentin grafts have a potential to be incorporated in bone without inflammation and can be used as bone inducer and later replaced by bone. Thus, rabbit tibia served as a better model for further studies of this phenomenon when compared to the mandible. [source] Prevalence and risk of traumatic gingival recession following elective lip piercingDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2006Jonathan W. Leichter Abstract,,, The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence, risk and odds ratios of gingival recession defects associated with elective lip piercing and wearing of stud jewelry, and to attempt to identify risk factors that might permit the incidence of recession and its severity to be predicted, using Miller's classification. Ninety-one subjects with lip piercing and labrets were evaluated with regard to gender, age, smoking history, orthodontic history, and labret characteristics. An age-matched group of 54 individuals without peri-oral piercing provided the control. Gingival recession was recorded on teeth opposing a labret in 68.13% of pierced subjects. By contrast, only 22.2% of unpierced individuals demonstrated recession. The odds ratio between pierced and control groups indicates a likelihood of recession 7.5 times greater in a pierced individual wearing a labret than in an unpierced individual. Logistical regression analysis showed that age, gender, smoking and labret configuration did not significantly influence the development of recession. Furthermore, an illustrative example indicates that piercing and provision of a labret might typically increase the risk of recession occurring from 34.4% (pre-piercing) to 80.8 %. Recession severity was greater in the pierced group, with Miller's class 2 and 3 defects observed in 18.7% of the pierced but not at all in the unpierced group. Ordinal regression identified previous orthodontic treatment as the only significant predictor of Miller's grade. We concluded that a clear link exists between lip piercing, labret use and gingival recession. Belief that labret placement and configuration can be modified to provide protection is unfounded. [source] Odontoma-like malformation in a permanent maxillary central incisor subsequent to trauma to the incisor predecessorDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2005Paulo Nelson-Filho Abstract,,, This report describes a case of a patient (1 year and 8 months old) with traumatic avulsion of the maxillary right primary central incisor and morphological changes in the germ of the permanent successor. One year after the trauma, an odontoma-like malformation developed. This malformation was removed 6 years after trauma and orthodontic treatment was started. Clinical follow-up and periodic radiographs are necessary after traumatic avulsion of primary teeth to monitor possible sequelae in the permanent successor. An odontoma-like malformation requires a multidisciplinary approach. [source] The esthetic outcome of autotransplanted premolars replacing maxillary incisorsDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2002Ewa Monika Czochrowska Abstract ,,,Autotransplantation of developing premolars to replace maxillary incisors has been documented to provide physiologically sound results, but comprehensive studies of the esthetic outcome have not been made previously. In order to assess the applicability of this approach and to identify factors important for planning of treatment, 22 autotransplanted premolars reshaped to incisor morphology were compared to their natural, contralateral maxillary incisors by scoring of features considered important for esthetics (color, soft tissue appearance, tooth morphology, and position). The sum of scores for each feature was used to place the reshaped transplant in one of three categories , Match, Deviate, Mismatch. The 22 patients were asked to fill in a questionnaire which addressed the same features that were examined professionally, and the responses were categorized as either Satisfied, Acceptable, or Dissatisfied. Eleven of the 22 patients had received orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances following the transplantation. Most of the transplanted premolars matched the contralateral incisor, and the majority of patients were satisfied with the appearance of the transplant. Fourteen percentage of the transplants were categorized as Mismatch and 18% of patients reported dissatisfaction. The distribution in categories assessed professionally and by the patients was not significantly different. The color and gingival width of the transplanted tooth were scored as different from the natural incisor in about half of the bilateral comparisons. For those teeth categorized professionally as Mismatch and by patients as Dissatisfied, a potential for esthetic improvement could be identified, as allocation to these categories was primarily due to suboptimal positioning and restorative build-up of the transplant. Inter-disciplinary planning is important for successful esthetic results. [source] Caries outcomes after orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances: do lingual brackets make a difference?EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 3 2010M. H. Van Der Veen van der Veen MH, Attin R, Schwestka-Polly R, Wiechmann D. Caries outcomes after orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances: do lingual brackets make a difference? Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 298,303.©2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci Orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances is considered a risk factor for the development of white spot caries lesions (WSL). Traditionally, brackets are bonded to the buccal surfaces. Lingual brackets are developing rapidly and have become more readily available. Buccal surfaces are considered to be more caries prone than lingual surfaces. Furthermore, lingual brackets are shaped to fit the morphology of the teeth and seal almost the entire surface. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that lingual brackets result in a lower caries incidence than buccal brackets. We tested this hypothesis using a split-mouth design where subjects were allocated randomly to a group receiving either buccal or lingual brackets on the maxillary teeth and the alternative bracket type in the mandible. The results indicate that buccal surfaces are more prone to WSL development, especially when WSL existed before treatment. The number of WSL that developed or progressed on buccal surfaces was 4.8 times higher than the number of WSL that developed or progressed on lingual surfaces. When measured using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF), the increase in integrated fluorescence loss was 10.6 times higher buccally than lingually. We conclude that lingual brackets make a difference when caries lesion incidence is concerned. [source] Oral bacterial adhesion forces to biomaterial surfaces constituting the bracket,adhesive,enamel junction in orthodontic treatmentEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 4 2009Li Mei Bacterial adhesion to biomaterial surfaces constituting the bracket,adhesive,enamel junction represents a growing problem in orthodontics, because bacteria can adversely affect treatment by causing demineralization of the enamel surface around the brackets. It is important to know the forces with which bacteria adhere to the surfaces of these junction materials, as the strength of these forces will determine how easy it will be to remove the bacteria. We compared the adhesion forces of five initially colonizing and four cariogenic strains of bacteria to an orthodontic adhesive, stainless steel, and enamel, with and without a salivary conditioning film. Adhesion forces were determined using atomic force microscopy and a bacterial probe. In the absence of a salivary conditioning film, the strongest bacterial adhesion forces occurred to the adhesive surface (,2.9 to ,6.9 nN), while adhesion forces to the enamel surfaces were lowest (,0.8 to ,2.7 nN). In the presence of a salivary conditioning film, adhesion forces were reduced strongly, to less than 1 nN, and the differences between the various materials were reduced. Generally, however, initial colonizers of dental hard surfaces presented stronger adhesion forces to the different materials (,4.7 and ,0.6 nN in the absence and presence of a salivary conditioning film, respectively) than cariogenic strains (,1.8 and ,0.5 nN). [source] Living with a child with a severe orofacial handicap: experiences from the perspectives of parentsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 1 2003Ulrika Trulsson Orofacial functions include competences/abilities such as eating, breathing, speech/language, mimicry, as well as oral health, and disturbances are common in children with rare disorders. To describe parental experiences of orofacial function and needs in children with rare disorders, in-depth interviews focusing on orofacial function were carried out with 14 parents. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed in open, axial (theoretical) and selective coding processes according to Grounded Theory. Two core categories emerged from data in the analysis: ,the vulnerable family' and ,support perceived from others'. The data indicated the importance of a balance between these two core categories: the strain caused by living in a family with a child with a severe disability/handicap, and the availability of perceived support from caregivers and significant others. This balance was necessary for the parents in developing self-reliance and in reconciling themselves to their life situations. Parents described orofacial dysfunction in terms of feeding and communication problems, needs for orthodontic treatment to reduce risk of trauma or improve chewing, and drooling. Oral health issues such as dental caries and gingivitis were not mentioned. Five aspects of good professional attitude were recognized: respect, involvement, continuity, knowledge, and availability. [source] Craniofacial morphology, dental occlusion, tooth eruption, and dental maturity in boys of short stature with or without growth hormone deficiencyEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 5 2000Heidrun Kjellberg The aim of this project was to study the craniofacial morphology, dental occlusion, dental maturation and tooth eruption in short-statured boys with growth hormone secretion ranging from low to high. The measurements from lateral and postero-anterior cephalograms, orthopantomograms and plaster models were used. Almost all linear measurements of the facial structures were significantly smaller. A disproportionate growth in the cranial base structures as well as in the jaws resulted in facial retrognathia, a proportionately smaller posterior than anterior facial height, and a steep vertical inclination of the mandible. Dental crowding was more common and the overbite was small. Dental maturity and tooth eruption were delayed 1.2 and 1.3 yr, respectively. No significant differences between the idiopathic short-statured and the growth hormone-deficient group in any of the above-mentioned variables were found. It can be concluded that although most of the cephalometric variables measured differed significantly from the average, the facial appearance of the boys is not conspicuous and is of minor clinical importance. However, the short-statured boys might be in greater need of orthodontic treatment due to the higher percentage of dental crowding. [source] Periodontal status and IOTN interventions among young hemophiliacsHAEMOPHILIA, Issue 4 2006S. AZHAR Summary., ,Fifty-two young individuals suffering from severe haemophilia A and B volunteered to be compared with school- and college-going students for oral health status description and subsequent management. A total of 244 students (84.42% boys and 15.58% girls) with the age group of 13,23 years were divided into two groups, A and B (controls). The purpose of this study was to increase awareness about evidence-based dental practices by oral examinations followed by comparisons of periodontal health and prevalence of malocclusions among medically compromised students and healthy controls. Results described the oral health in severe haemophilic population to be compromised with combined simplified health index score of 0.50 and Decayed/Modified/Filled Teeth (DMFT) index score of 2.07 when compared with 0.42 and 0.95, respectively, among group B. Although prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among group A were higher, yet it was not confirmed as a reason for degraded dental and periodontal status. However, spontaneous and/or toothbrush (trauma)-induced gingival bleeding episodes among group A could be explained as factors discouraging oral hygiene maintenance, particularly self-administered measures. Four haemophiliacs presented with symptoms of Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome (TMPDS). Evidence-based oral medicine and clinical practices need to be encouraged and applied to enhance the quality of life among haemophiliacs, particularly in developing world. Dental treatment needs of haemophilic population appear to be greater and maybe incorporated in routine dental practices, at institutional and individual levels. [source] Anomalous mandibular premolars: a mandibular first premolar with three roots and a mandibular second premolar with a C-shaped canal systemINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 11 2008B. M. Cleghorn Abstract Aim, To describe unusual variations in the root morphology and root canal systems of mandibular first and second premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. Summary, Normally mandibular first and second premolar teeth have single roots with single canals. A 15-year-old patient presented for orthodontic treatment and two mandibular premolar teeth were examined post-extraction. The mandibular first premolar exhibited three distinct, separate roots and the mandibular second premolar exhibited a C-shaped root canal system. The coronal morphology of each of the mandibular premolars revealed dimensions and anatomy within normal limits. The incidence of a three-rooted mandibular first premolar is approximately 0.2%. Key learning points ,,Thorough clinical and radiographic interpretation is important in recognizing anomalous root and root canal systems. ,,The most common forms of root and canal systems and its aberrations must be understood to realize variations from normal do occur. ,,Successful root canal treatment requires an accurate diagnosis of the root canal system using all available aids. ,,Value of microcomputed tomography in the study of anatomy ex vivo and cone-beam tomography in clinical endodontics of complex premolar cases is increasing. [source] Numerical simulation of canine bodily movementINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 2 2010Yingli Qian Abstract The aim of this study was to develop finite element (FE) models to simulate bodily movement of an orthodontic treatment of mandibular canine with decayed loads during a therapy period (4 weeks). The normal strain of periodontal ligament was assumed as the key mechanical stimulus for the surface bone remodeling. During the simulation processes, changes in tooth position and in the geometry of the tooth supporting structures and the decayed loads were taken into account. In this numerical simulation, the tooth movement displacements were 1.00,mm in the end of the therapy. The results of the simulation were similar to the observed in clinical studies. It was acceptable to simulate clinical tooth movements by FE method based on these mechanical assumptions. Such a numerical simulation would allow the understanding of tooth movements and help in better planning of individual strategies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Orthodontic considerations for gingival health during pregnancy: a reviewINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DENTAL HYGIENE, Issue 1 2010PM Mukherjee Abstract:, Gingivitis is caused by several known systemic and local factors. Among systemic factors, the role of hormonal changes during pregnancy is well established. While presence of fixed orthodontic appliances alone may not cause gingivitis, factors such as pregnancy and poor oral hygiene combined together could precipitate acute gingival inflammation that may progress to a periodontal condition in a patient receiving orthodontic therapy. There has been an increase in the number of adult patients who are receiving orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic appliances could act as a potential plaque retentive source and aggravate inflammatory reactions that are seen during pregnancy. There is a lack of awareness regarding oral healthcare issues among patients who are pregnant and choose to seek orthodontic treatment. In addition, there is a need in the literature to outline management guidelines for patients who want to receive orthodontic treatment during pregnancy, with or without pre-existing gingival conditions. This review focuses on the aetiology of pregnancy gingivitis and the management of orthodontic patients during pregnancy. Our emphasis is on patient education, oral hygiene maintenance, preventive and treatment strategies for the management of gingival health in orthodontic patients during pregnancy. We also highlight some of the possible complications of initiating orthodontic treatment during pregnancy. [source] Idiopathic generalized apical root resorption: a report of three casesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 4 2008AILBHE McMULLIN Background. Idiopathic apical root resorption usually presents as a chance radiographic finding. It may be widespread, affecting the majority of teeth, with implications for the longevity of the dentition. Case report. Three cases of significant idiopathic apical resorption resulting, respectively, in prevention, abandonment, and alternative methods of orthodontic treatment are described. Conclusion. Significant idiopathic resorption may present as a chance radiographic finding, as pain, or excessive mobility. The prognosis for affected teeth is often poor with very limited scope for orthodontic movement due to the likelihood of uncontrolled resorption. Definitive prosthetic rehabilitation is often best deferred until adulthood due to the potential for further resorption during adolescence in addition to vertical growth considerations. [source] Evaluation of spontaneous space closure and development of permanent dentition after extraction of hypomineralized permanent first molarsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 5 2007BIRGITTA JÄLEVIK Aim., ,The aim of this study was to evaluate spontaneous space closure, development of the permanent dentition, and need for orthodontic treatment after extraction of permanent first molars due to severe molar,incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Subjects., ,Twenty-seven children aged 5.6,12.7 (median 8.2) years had one to four permanent first molars extracted due to severe MIH. Each case was followed up on individual indications 3.8,8.3 (median 5.7) years after extractions. The eruption of the permanent dentition, and space closure were documented by orthopantomograms, casts, photographs, and/or bitewings. Results. ,Fifteen children were judged to have a favourable spontaneous development of their permanent dentition without any orthodontic intervention. Seven children were or should be subjected to orthodontic treatment for other reasons registered prior to the extraction. Five children were judged to have a treatment at least caused by the extractions, but three of them abstained because of no subjective treatment need. Conclusion. Extraction of permanent first molars severely affected by MIH is a good treatment alternative. Favourable spontaneous space reduction and development of the permanent dentition positioning can be expected without any intervention in the majority of cases extracted prior to the eruption of the second molar. [source] Interceptive orthodontics in the real world of community dentistryINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 2 2000K. Al Nimri Objective. To test the applicability and effectiveness of interceptive orthodontics in a community field trial. Design. Prospective screening for suitable malocclusions, implementation of treatment and analysis of outcomes 12 months later. Setting. Community dentistry in urban and rural areas of Northern Ireland, 1996,98. Subjects and methods. The initial sample consisted of 2002 children (1014 boys, 988 girls) who were screened in routine community dental inspections. One thousand and sixty (523 aged 9 years, 537 aged 11 years) were domiciled in the urban area of greater Belfast and 942 (479 aged 9 years, 463 aged 11 years) in the rural area of Enniskillen and Omagh, Co. Tyrone. Interventions. Interceptive orthodontic treatment. Outcome measures. Dental health component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and specially devised local indices of treatment outcomes. Results. With the use of an interception gauge, orthodontic screening was included in the community dental inspections without difficulty. Thirty-three per cent of children were in need of interceptive treatment. Only 20% of those in need both attended for recall and underwent treatment. Compliance was better in the rural area but the need, with particular reference to extraction of carious first molars, was greater in the urban area. The numbers of children in IOTN grades 4 and 5 fell from 69% at the beginning of the study to 42% at the end. The outcome judged by local indices was 94% in the range of complete success to minimal improvement with only 2% showing deterioration. Conclusions. One in three children screened in community dental inspections at age 9 and 11 years would benefit from interceptive orthodontics. Parents and children seem reluctant to accept offers of interceptive orthodontics and to having the treatment carried out. Among those complying fully, the interceptive measures are very successful. Not only does community interceptive orthodontics improve the condition being treated but also reduces the need for further treatment. [source] Gingival and dentofacial changes in adolescents and adults 2 to 10 years after orthodontic treatmentJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 9 2008Georges-André Theytaz Abstract Background: Information about long-term changes of the shape of the gingival margin is missing. Aim: To monitor 8 year changes of the gingival contour occurring in adolescents and adults and relate these changes to dentofacial growth. Subjects and method: Forty adolescents (mean age 16.3), and 14 adults (mean age 29.7) were included in the study with photographs, radiographs and casts taken 2 and 10 years after orthodontic treatment. The gingival contour of upper central incisors and the midline passing through the contact surface of both teeth were traced digitally using calibrated photographs. Changes were measured on seven standardized lines of the gingival contour. Lower facial height changes and tooth eruption were measured using lateral cephalograms. Results: Adolescents and adults showed a central mean apical displacement of the gingival margin of 0.51 mm (SD 0.4 mm) and 0.13 mm (SD 0.17 mm), respectively. This displacement decreased by moving away from the centre. The gingival displacement was associated to the individual's lower facial height augmentation, r=0.63 (p<0.001). Conclusions: Apical displacement of the gingival contour of the upper central incisors takes place during adolescence following a semi-lunar shape. Growth explains parts of these changes. [source] Reconstruction of the maxillary midline papilla following a combined orthodontic,periodontic treatment in adult periodontal patientsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 2 2004Daniele Cardaropoli Abstract Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of a combined orthodontic,periodontic treatment in determining the reconstruction of midline papilla lost following periodontitis. Material and Methods: Twenty-eight patients, with infrabony defect and extrusion of one maxillary central incisor, were treated. At baseline, all patients presented opening of the interdental diastema and loss of the papilla. At 7,10 days after open-flap surgery, the intrusive movement started. For each patient, probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and papilla presence index (PI) were assessed at baseline, end of treatment and after 1 year. PI was also evaluated independently in patients with narrow or wide periodontal biotype (NPB,WPB). Results: All parameters showed statistical improvement between the initial and final measurements, and showed no changes at follow-up time. The mean residual PPD was 2.50 mm, with a decrease of 4.29 mm, while the mean CAL gain was 5.93 mm. Twenty-three out of 28 patients improved the PI score at the end of therapy. No statistical difference was recorded in PI values between groups NPB and WPB. Conclusion: The presented clinical protocol resulted in the improvement of all parameters examined. At the end of orthodontic treatment, a predictable reconstruction of the interdental papilla was reported, both in patients with thin or wide gingiva. [source] CLINICAL TRIALS ON THE USE OF WHITENING STRIPS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTSJOURNAL OF ESTHETIC AND RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY, Issue 6 2005K.J. Donly ABSTRACT Objective: This article reported the cumulative findings from three controlled, randomized clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of tooth whitening in children and adolescents using disposable polyethylene strip systems. Materials and Methods: The study population included 132 children and adolescents, ages 10 to 18 years. (Please note that 71 of these subjects were identified in the previous review.) Fifty-three percent of the subjects were female and 47% were male, with a mean age of 14.4 years. Subjects were divided into experimental treatment groups by balancing groups with respect to demographic characteristics and baseline tooth colors. Subiects were treated with either 5.3% or 6.5% hydrogen peroxide gel polyethylene strips. All subjects had to have all permanent anterior teeth erupted, a baseline Vita shade (Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) score of A2 or darker, and a desire that their teeth be whitened. One study included subjects who had previously received comprehensive orthodontic treatment. Digital images were collected for all subjects at baseline, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks. Oral examinations and interviews were conducted at each appointment to evaluate adverse events. Color change was calculated from the digital images in the same manner previously described. Results: The 5.3% and 6.5% hydrogen peroxide strips used for 30 minutes twice a day yielded significant tooth whitening (p < .0001) after 14 days. For the primary whitening parameter, ,b*, continued treatment during the 14- to 28-day period resulted in significant additional reduction in yellowness (p < .0001). Subjects treated with 6.5% hydrogen peroxide strips experienced significantly (p < .03) greater reduction in yellowness (approximately 0.8 ,b* units) compared with those who used the 5.3 hydrogen peroxide strips. The hydrogen peroxide strips were tolerated well in all of these studies, with minor tooth sensitivity and oral irritation being the primary complaints. Eighteen subjects (14%) reported oral irritation, whereas 30 subjects (23%) reported tooth sensitivity. All adverse events were relieved upon discontinuance of product use. Conclusion: The 5.3% and 6.5% hydrogen peroxide gel strips used for 30 minutes twice a day effectively whitened teeth, and both regimens were well tolerated. [source] The role of orthodontics in temporomandibular disordersJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 6 2010A. MICHELOTTI Summary, Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) is the main cause of pain of non-dental origin in the oro-facial region including head, face and related structures. The aetiology and the pathophysiology of TMD is poorly understood. It is generally accepted that the aetiology is multifactorial, involving a large number of direct and indirect causal factors. Among such factors, occlusion is frequently cited as one of the major aetiological factors causing TMD. It is well known from epidemiologic studies that TMD-related signs and symptoms, particularly temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounds, are frequently found in children and adolescents and show increased prevalence among subjects between 15 and 45 years old. Aesthetic awareness, the development of new aesthetic orthodontic techniques and the possibility of improving prosthetic rehabilitation has increased the number of adults seeking orthodontic treatment. The shift in patient age also has increased the likelihood of patients presenting with signs and symptoms of TMD. Because orthodontic treatment lasts around 2 years, orthodontic patients may complain about TMD during or after treatment and orthodontists may be blamed for causing TMD by unsatisfied patients. This hypothesis of causality has led to legal problems for dentists and orthodontists. For these reasons, the interest in the relationship between occlusal factors, orthodontic treatment and TMD has grown and many studies have been conducted. Indeed, claims that orthodontic treatment may cause or cure TMD should be supported by good evidence. Hence, the aim of this article is to critically review evidence for a possible association between malocclusion, orthodontic treatment and TMD. [source] Computerized axiography in TMD patients before and after therapy with ,function generating bites'JOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 2 2008M. G. PIANCINO Summary, The study evaluates the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) movements of patients with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) before and after therapy with the functional appliances of the ,function generating bite' (FGB) type. Thirty subjects suffering from TMD were selected and divided into two groups: group A (young patients: four males, nine females, mean age ± standard deviation: 13·3 ± 1·5 years); group B (adults: three males, 14 females, mean age ± standard deviation: 23·2 ± 4·4 years). A control group comprised 13 healthy subjects with perfect normal occlusion, TMD-free, was matched for age and sex with patient groups and was examined at T0 and after 12 months (T1). Computerized axiography was performed before and after therapy (average 13 months) with FGBs to evaluate any difference in condyle border movements. Results showed a statistically significant improvement after treatment, for groups A and B, in length, clicks, tracings with normal morphology, superimposition, deviations, regularity and return to starting position and speed (statistical analysis: chi-squared test) except for the symmetry of tracings which was significantly improved only for the young patient group. No statistically significant differences at time T0/T1 were found in the control group. In conclusion, the study shows that the TMJ tracings of TMD patients before and after therapy with ,FGB' significantly improve especially in young patients. FGB may be a useful appliance to improve TMJ function in young and adult TMD patients requiring orthodontic treatment. [source] Correlations between incisor and condylar movements during lateral excursion in children with primary dentitionJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 11 2007I. SAITOH Summary, The purpose of this study was to look for associations between lower incisor movement and working and balancing condylar movement during lateral excursion in children with primary dentition and adults with permanent dentition. Mandibular movement was recorded using a TRI-MET (an optoelectronic analysis system with six degrees-of-freedom) at a sampling frequency of 100 Hz. The movement data was transferred to a graphics workstation for analysis. Subjects were categorized by age into two groups. The primary dentition group consisted of 19 children (mean age: 5 years and 5 months, s.d.: 8·7 months), and the permanent dentition group consisted of 22 women (mean age: 20 years and 5 months, s.d.: 26·3 months). The occlusion and TMJ in both groups were normal, with no history of orthodontic treatment. Three orthogonal excursive ranges and the 3D linear distance of the incisal and balancing and working condylar points, along with inter- and intra-individual correlations between the incisor and the balancing and working condyles during lateral excursion, were estimated by using multilevel statistical models. Lateral excursion in children with primary dentition was characterized by smaller incisor excursive ranges and 3D linear distance than in adults, and stronger inter- and intra-individual correlations between incisor and balancing condylar movements than in adults. In both children and adults the lateral excursion of the incisor was a good indicator of the extent of balancing condylar movement, but not working condylar movement. [source] The behaviour of the periodontal ligament is influencing the use of new treatment toolsJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 9 2006CH. SANDER summary, Orthodontic treatment can cause resorptions on teeth. Factors causing resorptions are forces and moments. Other factors that cause resorptions are less influenced by an orthodontic treatment. By carrying out experiments and finite element calculations, it was possible to demonstrate that forces and moments will produce stress in certain parts of the periodontal ligament and the root. This stress reaches or exceeds the blood pressure in some areas. To avoid high pressure in those areas, new treatment devices were constructed consisting of NiTi wires or a combination of NiTi and stainless steel. In the levelling phase, the acting forces remained below 0·5 N using NiTi wire with a diameter of 0·012, (using elastic ligatures). With a NiTi stainless steel spring molars can be uprighted. The orthodontist can easily choose between an intrusive force, a very low intrusive force and an extrusive force. Because of the use of NiTi elements, there was acting an almost constant moment. [source] Condylar resorption during active orthodontic treatment and subsequent therapy: report of a special case dealing with iatrogenic TMD possibly related to orthodontic treatmentJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 5 2005Y. H. SHEN summary, A 28-year-old female underwent orthodontic treatment for approximately 22 months. During the later stages of this treatment, the patient reported right shoulder and neck-muscle pain. In addition, temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) with a ,clicking' sound during mastication commenced 5 months prior to treatment completion. Specific medication to deal with these symptoms was suggested by medical specialists, as were some stress-relief methods, although the pain still progressed, and subsequent clinical and radiographical examinations were undertaken by another orthodontist. Right mandibular condylar resorption was observed from both the panorex and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) radiographs. No clinical signs of rheumatic disease were observed, although bruxism was noted. Following the termination of the orthodontic treatment by the second practitioner, the patient was treated with splint therapy 1 month subsequent to which, the previous symptoms of pain in the shoulder and neck, and the clicking sound during mastication had subsided. During the 14-month period of splint therapy and follow-up, new bone growth in the right condyle was observed from radiographs. [source] Initial biofilm formation of Streptococcus sobrinus on various orthodontics appliancesJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 11 2004D. Steinberg summary, Biofilms accumulate on hard and soft surface in the oral cavity. Accumulation of biofilms on orthodontic appliance bear scientific and clinical interest. The objection of this study was to examine the formation of dental biofilm by Streptococcus sobrinus on different types of orthodontics appliances, using a model consisting of host and bacterial constituents. The adsorption pattern of saliva to the orthodontics appliances was determined by means of gel electrophoresis coupled with computerized densitometry techniques. The amount of salivary proteins adsorbed onto the surfaces was measured using the Bradford method. Sucrose-dependent bacterial adhesion to the saliva-coated orthodontics appliances was tested by radioactive-labelled S. sobrinus. Our results show different adsorption patterns of salivary proteins to the various orthodontic appliances as modules, brackets, springs and intra oral elastics. Modules and brackets demonstrated the most affinity to salivary proteins. A surface dependent adhesion profile was recorded, showing a high affinity of albumin and amylase to modules. Bacterial accumulation was the highest on modules compared with springs which demonstrated the least bacterial adhesion. Our study demonstrates the specificity of biofilm formation on the different orthodontic appliances. Formation of a variety of dental biofilms has a significant impact on the progression of dental diseases associated with orthodontic treatment. [source] The relationship between static and dynamic occlusion in 14,17-year-old school childrenJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 7 2004A. S. Al-Hiyasat summary, This study investigated the relationship between static and dynamic occlusion in school children. A total of 447 subjects, within an age range of 14,17 years with no history of orthodontic treatment or trauma to the teeth were included in this study. Static occlusion was determined for both incisal and molar relationship. Dynamic occlusion was determined in lateral and protrusive movements of the mandible. The majority of the subjects had class I static occlusion for both incisor and molar relationship (45 and 54%, respectively). Canine-guided occlusion was the dominant type of dynamic occlusion (57%) and most of the subjects had no posterior contact in protrusive movement (78%). There was an association between canine guidance with class II static occlusion. Statistically, a significant relationship was found between the dynamic and static occlusion of the incisor (P < 0·001) but not with the molar (P > 0·05). [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||