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Oral Samples (oral + sample)
Selected AbstractsSalivary histatin-5 and oral fungal colonisation in HIV+ individualsMYCOSES, Issue 1 2009Sandra R. Torres Summary The oral cavity is a primary target for opportunistic infections, particularly oral candidiasis caused by the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans. HIV+ individuals constitute a population highly susceptible to oral candidiasis possibly due to a change in the environment of the oral cavity as the result of salivary gland dysfuntion. Histatins are a family of salivary antimicrobial peptides which under normal circumstances have a protective function on the oral mucosa. This study aimed to compare salivary histatin concentrations and oral fungal colonisation in an HIV+ and HIV, control populations. Oral samples for fungal cultures and parotid saliva were collected from all subjects. Fungal identification was determined using standard mycological procedures. In order to determine salivary histatin levels a semi-quantitative ELISA was designed using a specific polyclonal antibody and extensive statistical analysis was performed. Forty-seven percent of HIV+ and 17% of control subjects had positive fungal cultures. Mean histatin levels were 7.32 ,g ml,1 for the HIV+ group and 9.17 ,g ml,1 for control group (P = 0.003). The data from this study demonstrate that the level of fungal colonisation is significantly higher in HIV+ individuals whereas histatin-5 concentrations are significantly lower, likely contributing to the enhanced predisposition of this population to oral candidiasis. [source] Oral manifestations of systemic and cutaneous lupus erythematosus in a Venezuelan populationJOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 9 2007Jeaneth López-Labady Background:, The aim of this study was to characterize oral lesions in patients with systemic and cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE) in a Venezuelan group. Methods:, Ninety patients with LE were studied. Oral biopsies were taken from patients who showed oral mucosal involvement. Tissue samples were investigated with histology and direct immunofluorescence techniques for the presence of immunoglobulins G, M, A and complement factor C3. Results:, In 90 patients with LE, 10 patients showed oral lesions related to the disease. Sixteen lesions were investigated. Oral ulcerations accompanied by white irradiating striae occurred in five patients, erythema was observed in five patients and a white homogeneous plaque in one patient. Fifteen lesions demonstrated vacuolar basal degeneration and 12 thickening of the basement membrane histologically. Direct immunofluorescence was negative in three samples. Conclusions:, These findings corroborated that ulcers are not the only manifestation of LE in the oral mucosa. Clinical and histological examinations are significant as immunoproteins are not always found on the oral sample. [source] Counterfeiting in performance- and image-enhancing drugsDRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS, Issue 3 2009Michael R. Graham Abstract The current drastic escalation in obesity may be contributing to the exponential rise in drugs used for image enhancement. Drugs such as anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are perceived as a viable method of achieving a perfect physique. They are also the most widely abused drugs in sport. The Internet has encouraged the abuse of expensive drugs, particularly human growth hormone (hGH), resulting in increased importation for personal use. The substantial increase in this market has opened up avenues for counterfeiting, estimated as a multi-million pound business. The acute adverse effects from contaminated vials may result in a variety of pathologies including communicable diseases. In 2007, in the UK, a series of intramuscular abscesses, requiring surgical treatment, led us to study samples obtained from the underground market. The analysis of 38 parenteral samples and 19 oral samples of tablets was performed by a World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) accredited laboratory, in an attempt to establish the extent of available counterfeit products. Fifty-three per cent (20) of the injectable AAS esters and 21% (4) of the oral tablets were counterfeit. Culture and sensitivity revealed the presence of skin commensal organisms, which may have contributed to the development of the abscesses. Users of AAS and hGH for sport, including bodybuilding, are currently risking their health because of counterfeit and poorly controlled products. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Cervical and oral human papillomavirus types in HIV-1 positive and negative women with cervical disease in South AfricaJOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY, Issue 6 2008Dianne J. Marais Abstract This study tested cervical and oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in HIV-1 seropositive (HIV+) and seronegative (HIV,) women to determine any association between infections at both sites and the difference in prevalence of the HPV types infecting these women. Participants were 115 women referred to a colposcopy clinic after diagnosis of abnormal cervical cytology. The women showed low grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN1) or high grade disease (CIN2/3) or no CIN based on colposcopy and histology. Typing of HPV in cervical and oral cells was by Roche linear array and included direct sequencing on selected oral samples. Cervical HPV prevalence was 86.5% and 97.1% in HIV, and HIV+ women respectively. With the exception of HPV-45, prominent in HIV+ women, the hierarchy of predominant types were similar in HIV, and HIV+ women. HPV-16 was most prevalent in both HIV+ (41.7%) and HIV, women (38.5%) with CIN2/3. Significantly more HIV+ women had multiple cervical (>1) infections than HIV, women (36.1% vs. 88.2%, P,<,0.001) and more oral HPV infections (45.5% and 25% respectively; P,=,0.04). The most prevalent oral HPV types were HPV-33, -11, and -72. The majority of women did not have concordant oral and cervical HPV types, reflecting possible independence of infection at the two sites. HIV immune suppression did not impact significantly on the predominant types of cervical HPV infection (except for HPV-45). HIV+ women had more multiple HPV infections and those with severe cervical disease a similar prevalence of HIV-16 but a lower HPV-18 prevalence than HIV, women. J. Med. Virol. 80:953,959, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Characterization of antimicrobial resistance and seasonal prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 recovered from commercial feedlots in Alberta, CanadaLETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2010M. Aslam Abstract Aims:, To characterize antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and determine the seasonal prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolated from commercial feedlots. Methods and Results:,Escherichia coli O157:H7 were isolated from faecal and oral samples collected at monthly intervals from three commercial feedlots over a 12-month period. A total of 240 isolates were characterized using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) technique. A subset of 205 isolates was analysed for AMR using Sensititre system and AMR genes (tet, sul and str) by PCR. Seven PFGE clusters (,90% Dice similarity) were identified, and two clusters common to all three feedlots were recovered year-round. The majority of isolates (60%) were susceptible to all antimicrobials and were closely related (P < 0.001), whereas isolates with unique AMR patterns were not related. The prevalences of AMR from feedlots A, B and C were 69%, 1% and 38%, respectively. Resistance to tetracycline (69%) and sulfisoxazole (68%) was more prevalent in feedlot A than other two feedlots. The presence of strA and strB genes was linked in the majority of isolates, and tet(A) and tet(B), and sul1 and sul2 genes were present individually. Escherichia coli O157:H7 were genetically diverse during summer and fall, and strains from winter and spring months were more closely related. Conclusions:, Antimicrobial resistance was more common in E. coli O157:H7 obtained from two of the three commercial feedlots, and the phenotypic expression of resistance was correlated with the presence of resistant genes. A highly diverse E. coli O157:H7 population was found during summer and fall seasons. Significance and Impact of the Study:, Information would help understanding the dynamics of AMR in E. coli O157:H7 from commercial feedlots. [source] Oral cavity is not a reservoir for Helicobacter pylori in infected patients with functional dyspepsiaMOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2009V. P. Silva Rossi-Aguiar Introduction:,Helicobacter pylori infection is very prevalent in Brazil, infecting almost 65% of the population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of this bacterium in the oral cavity of patients with functional dyspepsia (epigastric pain syndrome), establish the main sites of infection in the mouth, and assess the frequency of cagA and vacA genotypes of oral H. pylori. Methods:, All 43 outpatients with epigastric pain syndrome, who entered the study, were submitted to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to rule out organic diseases. Helicobacter pylori infection in the stomach was confirmed by a rapid urease test and urea breath tests. Samples of saliva, the tongue dorsum and supragingival dental plaque were collected from the oral cavity of each subject and subgingival dental plaque samples were collected from the patients with periodontitis; H. pylori infection was verified by polymerase chain reaction using primers that amplify the DNA sequence of a species-specific antigen present in all H. pylori strains; primers that amplify a region of urease gene, and primers for cagA and vacA (m1, m2, s1a, s1b, s2) genotyping. Results:, Thirty patients harbored H. pylori in the stomach, but it was not possible to detect H. pylori in any oral samples using P1/P2 and Urease A/B. The genotype cagA was also negative in all samples and vacA genotype could not be characterized (s-m-). Conclusion:, The oral cavity may not be a reservoir for H. pylori in patients with epigastric pain syndrome, the bacterium being detected exclusively in the stomach. [source] | |||||||||||||