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Oral Manifestations (oral + manifestation)

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Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

Oral manifestation of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis: seven case reports

JOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 9 2007
Xiaosong Liu
Background:, Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is a rare disorder characterized by persistent or recurrent candidal infections of the skin, nails and mucous membranes or by a variable combination of endocrine failure as well as immunodeficiency. Oral clinicopathological features of CMC have seldom been described in detail. Methods:, Seven patients with CMC were reported in the study. The clinical and histological findings, etiological Candida species, immunological evaluation, and therapeutic pattern of oral lesions, were analyzed. Results:, Long-standing whitish hyperplastic and nodule-like lesions with exaggerated deep fissure were the typical and characteristic oral manifestations presented by all patients. The tongue was the most common site affected. Histologically, no obvious distinction was found between CMC and other forms of candidal infection. Abnormal proportions of T-lymphocyte subsets and positive titers of autoantibody were observed in three subjects (42.9%) and one patient (14.3%) respectively. Meanwhile, four subjects (57.1%) showed decreased albumin and increased globulin, three cases (42.9%) had high levels of ESR. But no iron deficiency was found. Candida albicans was the microorganism isolated from these patients. Conclusions:, Multiple and widespread candidal infectious lesions can be observed on the oral cavity of CMC patients. Hyperplastic and nodule-like lesion with irremovable whitish patches and deep fissure are the most common oral manifestations of these patients. Dentists, otolaryngologists and pediatricians should be familiar with the clinical appearances of CMC to make an accurate diagnosis. Potential systemic disorders should be concerned to avoid the reoccurrence of oral candidiasis. [source]

Glossal angiomyoma: Imaging findings and endovascular treatment

HEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 12 2004
Franklin A. Marden MD
Abstract Background. An angiomyoma is an uncommon, benign tumor characterized by numerous vascular channels intermixed with bundles of smooth muscle cells. Oral manifestations are quite rare. We describe for the first time the CT, MRI, and angiographic imaging features and successful preoperative endovascular embolization of an angiomyoma of the tongue. The pathologic findings before and after embolization are also described. Methods and Results. A 25-year-old man was seen with a rapidly enlarging tongue mass. Imaging studies revealed the extent and hypervascular nature of this tumor. The diagnosis of angiomyoma was confirmed by histologic examination. Preoperative embolization proved to be helpful in the surgical management of this lesion. Conclusions. Angiomyoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any well-circumscribed, hypervascular, soft tissue tumor in the mouth. In addition, endovascular embolization may be a useful adjunct that facilitates resection. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck26: 1084,1088, 2004 [source]

Oral manifestations and dental status in paediatric HIV infection

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 1 2000
F.J. Ramos-Gomez
Objective. To describe the incidence and prevalence of oral manifestations of HIV infection in a population of perinatally infected children. Design. Retrospective and prospective study of a cohort of perinatally HIV-infected children. Setting. Community hospital and community-based paediatric clinic. Sample and methods. Forty perinatally HIV-infected children with a median age of 12 months were eligible and selected for the study, which included a medical chart review from birth and prospective follow-up. Each child was examined quarterly for oral manifestations, tooth eruption, and for 27 children, caries and periodontal status. Results. The incidence of pseudomembranous candidiasis was 43% (95% CI, 27,58%) within 6 months of birth. Oral candidiasis (defined as pseudomembranous or erythematous) was positively associated with low CD4 counts and the occurrence of plaque. Children with low CD4 counts were also found to have fewer teeth than children with high CD4 counts, after adjusting for age. Conclusions. Oral manifestations are common in paediatric HIV infection and are possible predictors of HIV disease progression. Primary care of HIV-infected children should include periodic oral examinations to monitor their HIV disease progression and to alleviate symptoms associated with oral opportunistic infections. [source]

Oral manifestations of systemic and cutaneous lupus erythematosus in a Venezuelan population

JOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 9 2007
Jeaneth López-Labady
Background:, The aim of this study was to characterize oral lesions in patients with systemic and cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE) in a Venezuelan group. Methods:, Ninety patients with LE were studied. Oral biopsies were taken from patients who showed oral mucosal involvement. Tissue samples were investigated with histology and direct immunofluorescence techniques for the presence of immunoglobulins G, M, A and complement factor C3. Results:, In 90 patients with LE, 10 patients showed oral lesions related to the disease. Sixteen lesions were investigated. Oral ulcerations accompanied by white irradiating striae occurred in five patients, erythema was observed in five patients and a white homogeneous plaque in one patient. Fifteen lesions demonstrated vacuolar basal degeneration and 12 thickening of the basement membrane histologically. Direct immunofluorescence was negative in three samples. Conclusions:, These findings corroborated that ulcers are not the only manifestation of LE in the oral mucosa. Clinical and histological examinations are significant as immunoproteins are not always found on the oral sample. [source]

Oral manifestations associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in developing countries,are there differences from developed countries?

ORAL DISEASES, Issue 3 2000
T Arendorf
[source]

Multiple white papules in the palate: oral manifestation of Darier's disease

CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 7 2009
D. G. Bernabé
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Labial tuberculosis: a unique cause of lip swelling complicating HIV infection

HIV MEDICINE, Issue 4 2002
SE Llyas
Background HIV disease has many oral manifestations including tuberculosis, which most commonly presents as irregular ulceration of the tongue or the palate. We detail an HIV-infected patient found to have tuberculosis of the lip. Conclusions To our knowledge tuberculosis of the lips has never been reported in conjunction with HIV infection, and in this case establishing the oral diagnosis resulted in the diagnosis of disseminated disease. [source]

Apert syndrome with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: a case report

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 3 2006
G. TOSUN
Summary., Apert syndrome is characterized by midface hypoplasia, syndactyly of the hands and feet, proptosis of eyes, steep and flat frontal bones, and premature union of cranial sutures. Maxillary hypoplasia, deep palatal vault, anterior open bite, crowding of the dental arch, severely delayed tooth eruption, and dental malocclusion are the main oral manifestations of this syndrome. In this report, a case of Apert syndrome with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is presented. The patient, a 4-year-old male and the fourth child of healthy parents, was admitted to our department because of delayed tooth eruption. He had all the cardinal symptoms of the Apert syndrome. Clinical examination revealed that primary centrals, canines and first molars erupted; however, primary second molars and laterals had not erupted. The patient had no dental caries. Preventive treatments were applied, and subsequently, the patient was taken to long-term follow up. [source]

Oral manifestations and dental status in paediatric HIV infection

Gingival and other oral manifestations in measles virus infection

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 7 2003
Joseph Katz
Abstract Background: Measles is a highly contagious, viral infectious disease affecting mainly children and young adults. It is characterized by high fever, maculopapular rash, keratoconjunctivitis and pathognomonic oral Koplik's spots. Methods: During an outbreak of measles among soldiers in the Israeli military, patients were referred to one medical center where they were also examined for oral signs and symptoms of their illness. Results: We present a case of measles infection with distinct oral findings. These included Koplik's spots, various forms of ulcerations of the free mucosa, -like gingivitis and pericoronitis. All oral lesions resolved after cessation of systemic illness. Conclusions: The measles virus is associated with a transient inhibition of the host response. Immunosuppression may create the necessary condition for the proliferation of pathobacteria associated with the observed pericoronitis and the other gingival lesions. Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Masern sind eine hochgradig ansteckende virale Infektion, die vorwiegend Kinder und junge Erwachsene befällt. Sie ist charakterisiert durch hohes Fieber, makulopapulären Ausschlag, Keratokonjunktivitis und pathognomonische orale Koplik-Flecken. Zielsetzung: Beschreibung der oralen und gingivalen Manifestationen des Masern-Virus bei jungen Erwachsenen. Methoden: Während einer Masernepidemie bei Soldaten der israelischen Streitkräfte wurden die Patienten an ein Medizinisches Zentrum überwiesen, wo sie auf orale Zeichen und Symptome ihrer Erkrankung untersucht wurden. Ergebnisse: Es wird ein Fall von Masern mit speziellen oralen Symptomen gezeigt: Koplik-Flecken, verschiedene Formen von Ulzerationen der Alveolarmukosa, der NUG ähnliche Gingivitis und Pericoronitis. Alle oralen Läsionen heilten nach Ende der systemischen Erkrankung aus. Schlussfolgerungen: Eine Infektion mit dem Masern-Virus geht mit einer vorübergehenden Schwächung der Wirtsabwehr einher. Diese Immunsuppression könnte die notwendigen Bedingungen für das Wachstum von pathogenen Keimen schaffen, die mit den beobachteten Perikoronitiden und gingivalen Läsionen assoziiert waren. Résumé La rougeole est une maladie infectieuse virale très contagieuse qui affecte essentiellement les enfants et les jeunes adultes. Elle est caractérisée par la haute température, une éruption maculo-papulaire, une kérato-conjonctivite et des spots de Koplik buccaux pathognomoniques. Durant une épidémie de rougeole parmi les soldats de l'armée israélienne, des patients ont été référés vers un centre médical où ils ont également été examinés pour les signes buccaux et les symptômes de leur maladie. Un cas d'infection de rougeole avec des découvertes buccales distinctes est présenté. Elles comprennent : les spots de Koplik, des formes variées d'ulcérations de la muqueuse libre, une gingivite genre gingivite nécrotique et une péricoronarite. Toutes les lésions buccales ont disparu après la fin de la maladie systémique. Le virus de la rougeole est associéà une inhibition transitoire de la réponse immunitaire. L'immunosuppression peut créer la condition nécessaire pour la prolifération de bactéries pathogènes associées avec la péricoronarite observée ainsi que les autres lésions gingivales. [source]

Lupus erythematosus: clinical and histopathological study of oral manifestations and immunohistochemical profile of epithelial maturation

JOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 10 2006
Silvia Vanessa Lourenço
Background:, Lupus erythematosus (LE) is an autoimmune disease of unknown cause. Prevalence of oral involvement in patients with LE is uncertain but may vary from 9 to 45% in patients with systemic disease and from 3 to 20% in patients with chronic cutaneous involvement. Methods:, Incidence of oral lesions of LE and their clinical aspects were investigated. Their histopathologic features were analyzed, and the status of epithelial maturation was assessed through the expression patterns of cytokeratins. Results:, Twenty-six patients (from 188 examined) presented oral lesions of LE. Most of them were females (19) with systemic disease (11). Clinical aspects of these lesions varied, and lips and buccal mucosa were most affected. Histologically, lesions revealed lichenoid mucositis with perivascular infiltrate and thickening of basement. Cytokeratins profile showed hyperproliferative epithelium, with expression of CK5/6, and CK14 on all epithelial layers, CK16 on all suprabasal layers and CK10 on prickle cell layers only. Conclusions:, Oral lesions of LE show a variety of aspects, and their microscopic features are of a lichenoid mucositis with deep inflammatory infiltrate. Cytokeratins expression patterns are of hyperproliferative epithelium, and this phenomenon must be analyzed in relation to the inflammatory cytokines for a better understanding of the mechanisms of the disease. [source]

Impact of PI and NNRTI HAART-based therapy on oral lesions of Brazilian HIV-infected patients

JOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 6 2009
Karem L. Ortega
Background:, The incidence of oral lesions related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have been investigated after treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) including protease inhibitors (PI) but no data are available on the effect of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based therapy on incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) oral manifestations or impact of HAART on oral manifestations of HIV infection in Brazil. The aim of this study was to describe the effects of anti-HIV therapy on the incidence of oral lesions during 17 years of AIDS epidemics in a Brazilian population. Methods:, From 1989 to 2006, we collected data from 1595 consecutive HIV patients at the Special Care Dentistry Center, São Paulo, Brazil. We compared the effect of PI- and NNRTI-based antiretroviral therapy (ARVT) on the annual incidence of Kaposi sarcoma (KS), oral candidiasis (OC) and hairy leukoplakia (HL). The chi-squared test was used to test the association between oral lesions and therapeutic regimen (P < 0.05). Results:, None of patients on ARVT presented with KS. Patients who used (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors) NRTI + PI were 0.9 times as likely to present with HL as those who used NRTI + NNRTI. This finding, however, was not statistically significant (P = 0.5). The relative risk for OC was 0.8 in patients with PI-based HAART. The increased risk among those on PIs was statistically significant (P = 0.004). Conclusions:, The superiority of NNRTI regimens in decreasing OC incidence is consistent with current therapeutic guidelines which recommend NNRTI-based therapy as the treatment of choice for initial ARVT. [source]

Oral manifestation of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis: seven case reports

Orofacial granulomatosis: presentation, pathology and management of 13 cases

JOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 10 2003
James J. Sciubba
Abstract Background:, Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) comprises of a group of conditions, all characterized histologically by the presence of granulomatous inflammation. Methods:, This diagnosis may be determined by exclusion from other conditions that may present with similar clinical and histopathologic features. These include Melkersson,Rosenthal syndrome (MRS), Miescher's cheilitis (an oligosymptomatic form of MRS), Crohn's disease, and sarcoidosis. Results:, A great deal of attention has been devoted to the similarity and overlap in clinicopathologic and histomorphologic features of these conditions, suggesting that they may actually represent a spectrum within a single overarching entity. In the review of the 13 cases of OFG retrieved from the files of the Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Department of Dental Medicine, we describe their presentation, clinicopathologic features, and management. These cases comprise examples of MRS (in its oligosymptomatic forms) and Crohn's disease. The similarity, kinship, and overlap between the cases presented are clearly demonstrated. Conclusion:, In addition, based upon our observations and review, we propose the notion that oral manifestations of Crohn's disease may be classified as an oligosymptomatic form of MRS. [source]

Hyper IgE (Job's) syndrome: a primary immune deficiency with oral manifestations

ORAL DISEASES, Issue 1 2009
AF Freeman
Autosomal dominant hyper IgE (HIES or Job's) syndrome is a rare primary immune deficiency characterized by eczema, recurrent skin and lung infections, extremely elevated serum IgE, and a variety of connective tissue and skeletal abnormalities. Individuals with HIES share a characteristic facial appearance and many oral manifestations including retained primary dentition, a high arched palate, variations of the oral mucosa and gingiva, and recurrent oral candidiasis. Mutations in STAT3 account for the majority, if not all, of the cases of autosomal dominant HIES, but the pathogenesis of the many varied features remains poorly understood. In this review, we discuss the clinical phenotype of HIES including immunologic and non-immunologic features, the genetics of HIES, and treatment. [source]

OC8 The short-term efficacy of osseointegrated implants in patients with non-malignant oral mucosal disease: a case series

ORAL DISEASES, Issue 2006
TA Hodgson
Purpose, The spectrum of patients who may wish or warrant osseointegrated implants is increasing, despite few reports of the impact of non-malignant oral mucosal disease upon implant placement. This report details the implant placement outcomes in three patients with pre-existing oral mucosal disease. Case reports,A: Four implants were placed in the lower anterior region of a 78-year-old female with longstanding mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) in 2004. The MMP had resulted in extensive cicatrisation of the upper and lower buccal and labial vestibules. One implant failed to osseointegrate, but was successfully replaced. There have been no other postplacement adverse events, despite the MMP remaining mildly active. B: A 36-years-old male with orofacial granulomatosis characterised by recurrent lip swelling and gingival enlargement, had a single implant placed in the upper canine region in 2001. Although still in situ significant peri-implant alveolar bone loss has occurred and has been stabilised by repeated debridement, local administration of topical minocycline and several courses of systemic metronidazole. C: A 53-years-old female with oral manifestations of diffuse systemic sclerosis and fibrosing alveolitis had four lower anterior mandibular implants placed in 1995 to support an 8 unit bridge. One episode of peri-implant inflammation was controlled with local debridement and topical chlorhexidine mouthrinse. The implants remain satisfactory 11 years postinsertion. Conclusion, The short-term failure of osseointegrated implant integration appears uncommon in patients with non-malignant oral mucosal disease. There remains a need to establish appropriate case selection criteria and monitor outcomes. [source]

Oral fungal and bacterial infections in HIV-infected individuals: an overview in Africa

ORAL DISEASES, Issue 2002
TA Hodgson
Oral opportunistic infections developing secondary to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have been reported from the early days of the epidemic and have been classified by both the EC-Clearinghouse and the World Health Organisation (WHO). Among the fungal infections, oral candidiasis, presenting in African HIV-infected patients has been sporadically documented. We review the literature with respect to candidal carriage, oral candidiasis prevalence and the predictive value of oral candidiasis for a diagnosis of underlying HIV disease in African HIV-infected patients. The use of oral candidiasis as a marker of disease progression, the species of yeasts isolated from the oral cavity in Africa and the resistance of the yeasts to antifungal agents and treatment regimens are discussed. Orofacial lesions as manifestations of the systemic mycoses are rarely seen in isolation and few cases are reported in the literature from Africa. In spite of the high incidence of noma, tuberculosis, chronic osteomyelitis and syphilis in Africa, surprisingly there have been very few reported cases of the oral manifestations of these diseases in HIV-positive individuals. Orofacial disease in HIV-infected patients is associated with marked morbidity, which is compounded by malnutrition. The authors indicate specific research areas, initially directed at the most effective management strategies, which would complete data in this important area. [source]

Cowden's syndrome (multiple hamartoma and neoplasia syndrome): diagnostic dilemmas in three cases

ORAL DISEASES, Issue 4 2000
SI Chaudhry
Cowden's syndrome is a multisystem disease inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with incomplete penetrance and variable expression. The disease has typical oral manifestations which often precede more systemic involvement, and the dental professional is therefore well placed to institute a regime of regular checks to ensure early treatment of any neoplasms which may occur. However, since not all of the classical signs are present in all patients, diagnosis may be difficult. The case report of a patient with most of the features of Cowden's syndrome is presented and features compared with two other possible cases. [source]

Sjögren's syndrome: a review of aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management

AUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 2010
K Bayetto
Abstract Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects many individuals within the community. Despite this, its exact aetiology and pathogenesis is still unclear. Sjögren's syndrome affects many organ systems in the body. However, for dental practitioners it is important to recognize the many oral and dental manifestations that are associated with the syndrome. In addition to these oral manifestations, this review will discuss the systemic manifestations of Sjögren's syndrome as well as the current understanding of factors that have a role in its aetiology and pathogenesis. Furthermore, this review will highlight the difficulties and complexities that are inherent in the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome and the important role that dental practitioners can play in the management of its oral manifestations. The effective management of oral manifestations and minimization of oral disease in patients with Sjögren's syndrome can result in improved quality of life for these patients. [source]

The mouth in HIV/AIDS: markers of disease status and management challenges for the dental profession

AUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 2010
NW Johnson
Abstract There are over 30 million people in the world with HIV infection and, whilst the rate of new infections is slowing, this number continues to grow. Although in Australia the overall prevalence of HIV infection in adults aged 15,49 is officially estimated at only 0.2%, representing less than 20 000 people living with HIV and AIDS, our geographical area contains populations with prevalences exceeding 10 times this. Oral health professionals must therefore practise safe, standard infection control at all times and be aware of the oral manifestations of HIV disease. These are predominantly opportunistic infections with fungi such as Candida albicans or with viruses of the herpes family, particularly herpes simplex, herpes zoster and Epstein-Barr virus infections. Warts or papillomas may arise due to human papilloma viruses , even in individuals on effective antiretroviral therapy. Rare types of fungal infection can occur, and severe bacterial infections, notably tuberculosis, are an ever-present risk. Susceptibility to periodontal breakdown is somewhat enhanced by the effects of HIV disease itself, and caries activity may increase because the patient neglects attention to diet and oral hygiene. Restorative and periodontal care need, therefore, to be maintained at a high level. Oral opportunistic infections cause much distress and the diagnosis and management of these is the responsibility of our profession. [source]