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Oral Conditions (oral + condition)
Selected AbstractsRelationship between periodontal infections and systemic diseaseCLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION, Issue 2007G. J. Seymour Abstract Oral conditions such as gingivitis and chronic periodontitis are found worldwide and are among the most prevalent microbial diseases of mankind. The cause of these common inflammatory conditions is the complex microbiota found as dental plaque, a complex microbial biofilm. Despite 3000 years of history demonstrating the influence of oral status on general health, it is only in recent decades that the association between periodontal diseases and systemic conditions such as coronary heart disease and stroke, and a higher risk of preterm low birth-weight babies, has been realised. Similarly, recognition of the threats posed by periodontal diseases to individuals with chronic diseases such as diabetes, respiratory diseases and osteoporosis is relatively recent. Despite these epidemiological associations, the mechanisms for the various relationships remain unknown. Nevertheless, a number of hypotheses have been postulated, including common susceptibility, systemic inflammation with increased circulating cytokines and mediators, direct infection and cross-reactivity or molecular mimicry between bacterial antigens and self-antigens. With respect to the latter, cross-reactive antibodies and T-cells between self heat-shock proteins (HSPs) and Porphyromonas gingivalis GroEL have been demonstrated in the peripheral blood of patients with atherosclerosis as well as in the atherosclerotic plaques themselves. In addition, P. gingivalis infection has been shown to enhance the development and progression of atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice. From these data, it is clear that oral infection may represent a significant risk-factor for systemic diseases, and hence the control of oral disease is essential in the prevention and management of these systemic conditions. [source] Tooth loss and associated factors in long-term institutionalised elderly patientsGERODONTOLOGY, Issue 4 2007Paul Tramini Objective:, To compare partial and total tooth loss in dependent institutionalised elderly patients and identify any associated factors. Background:, A poor oral health status, together with a reduction of autonomy can seriously affect the general health and increase the risk of death in elderly people. Those with total tooth loss and in need of assistance are the most at risk. Materials and methods:, In 2004, a cross-sectional study of 321 elderly patients was conducted in long-term hospital services provided in Montpellier, France. Socio-demographic, behavioural, medical and oral health information was recorded for each patient. Multivariate logistic regression models were performed to test the relationship between those covariates and partial or total tooth loss. Pearson chi-squared tests were used for bivariate analyses. Results:, The proportion of edentulousness was 26.9%; among these12.6% had no dentures. The factors significantly associated with edentulism were: an age ,older than 87 years' [odds ratio (OR) = 9.4], the presence of a nephropathy (OR = 6.8), and inadequate oral hygiene (OR = 0.1). The factors most significantly associated with partial tooth loss (at least 21 missing teeth) were ,cancerous disease' (OR = 9.9), the presence of a nephropathy (OR = 5.6) and the presence of a neurological disease (OR = 4.1). The factors significantly related to dentate status (20 or more natural teeth retained) were ,hypertension treatment' (OR = 2.4), and ,cortisone treatment' (OR = 0.2). Conclusion:, General health problems as well as a poor oral condition were significant risk indicators for tooth loss among the long-term institutionalised elderly. This suggests that the number of remaining teeth has a strong effect on oral health-related quality of life. [source] Bacterial diversity in aphthous ulcersMOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2007L. Marchini Introduction:, Recurrent aphthous ulcers are common lesions of the oral mucosa of which the etiology is unknown. This study aimed to estimate the bacterial diversity in the lesions and in control mucosa in pooled samples using a culture-independent molecular approach. Methods:, Samples were collected from ten healthy individuals and ten individuals with a clinical history of recurrent aphthous ulcers. After DNA extraction, the 16S ribosomal RNA bacterial gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction with universal primers; amplicons were cloned, sequenced and matched to the GenBank database. Results:, A total of 535 clones were analyzed, defining 95 bacterial species. We identified 62 putative novel phylotypes. In recurrent aphthous ulcer lesions 57 phylotypes were detected, of which 11 were known species. Control samples had 38 phylotypes, five of which were already known. Only three species or phylotypes were abundant and common to both groups (Gemella haemolysans, Streptococcus mitis strain 209 and Streptococcus pneumoniae R6). One genus was found only in recurrent aphthous ulcer samples (Prevotella) corresponding to 16% of all lesion-derived clones. Conclusion:, The microbiota found in recurrent aphthous ulcers and in the control groups diverged markedly and the rich variety of genera found can provide a new starting point for individual qualitative and quantitative analyses of bacteria associated with this oral condition. [source] Severe necrotizing stomatitis and osteomyelitis after chemotherapy for acute leukaemiaAUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 3 2009FA Santos Abstract Background:, Leukaemia is a malignant neoplasm characterized by clonal proliferation of white blood cells within the bone marrow. Despite an increase in the white blood cell count, the leukaemic leukocytes are non-functional. The oral complications arising in leukaemic patients can be attributed to the direct and indirect effects of immunosuppressive chemotherapy. Methods:, This case report describes severe maxillary and mandibular necrotizing stomatitis and osteomyelitis in a young female patient after chemotherapy for acute leukaemia. On physical examination, the patient presented malnourished with pale skin, cervical lymphadenitis, frequent fever and generalized pain. The intra-oral clinical examination found halitosis, multiple ulcers, necrotizing stomatitis and osteomyelitis located in the maxillary and mandibular regions. The necrotizing stomatitis and osteomyelitis were treated locally with atraumatic removal of the necrotized tissues. The patient received a daily preventive protocol consisting of oral hygiene care, including twice daily brushing, and mouthrinses with a solution of chlorhexidine. She was also treated with systemic metronidazole and amoxicillin for 21 days. Results:, During the course of management the patient's oral condition improved with some re-epithelialization being noted. However, severe alveolar bone destruction remained evident. Thirty-two months after presentation of the initial symptoms, the patient died due to complications related to leukaemia recurrence (haemorrhage, sepsis and respiratory distress syndrome). Conclusions:, Dental monitoring during cancer treatment is imperative in order to emphasize the importance of dental plaque control and the maintenance of a healthy periodontal condition throughout medical treatment. [source] Description and evaluation of an education and communication skills training course in HIV and AIDS for dental consultantsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION, Issue 2 2000D. A. Lewis A 2-day course was organised for dental hospital consultants as part of a project on raising awareness of dental staff about HIV and AIDS. The course comprised an information update, practical experience in the diagnosis of oral conditions and a ,hands-on' exercise in infection control. The 2nd day of the course consisted of experiential communication skills training using rôle-play with actors and video feedback. Evaluation of the course showed that the consultants perceived the course to be valuable. There was a general improvement in dentists' confidence in their knowledge, ability to communicate with HIV-positive patients and in talking to staff who are unwilling to provide treatment. These changes are statistically significant and these skills are still being utilized and maintained 2 years later. Information and training packs prepared by multidisciplinary groups using a variety of teaching methods should be made available to those involved in training dental staff. [source] Oral health-related quality of life in children: Part I. How well do children know themselves?INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DENTAL HYGIENE, Issue 2 2008A systematic review Abstract:, Objective:, Paediatric oral disorders are likely to have a negative effect on the quality of life. Until recently, children's oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) was measured using parents as informants. Instruments have now been developed, which have demonstrated that with appropriate questionnaire techniques, valid and reliable information can be obtained from children. The aim of this study was to make a systematic review of the existing literature about child perceptions of OHRQoL and their validation. Methods:, A computerized search was conducted using Medline, ISI, Lilacs and Scielo for children's perception of OHRQoL. The inclusion criteria were: the articles should contain well-validated instruments and provide child perceptions of OHRQoL. Results:, From 89 records found, 13 fulfilled the criteria. All studies included in the critical appraisal of the project suggested good construct validity of overall child perceptions of OHRQoL. However, children's understanding of oral health and well-being are also affected by variables (age, age-related experiences, gender, race, education, culture, experiences related to oral conditions, opportunities for treatment, childhood period of changes, back-translating questionnaire, children self-perceived treatment need). Conclusions:, The structure of children's self-concept and health cognition is age-dependent as a result of their continuous cognitive, emotional, social and language development. By using appropriate questionnaire techniques, valid and reliable information can be obtained from children concerning their OHRQoL. [source] Association between level of education and oral health status in 35-, 50-, 65- and 75-year-oldsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 8 2003J. Paulander Abstract Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between educational level and dental disease, treatment needs and oral hygiene habits. Material and methods: Randomized samples of 35-, 50-, 65- and 75-year-olds, classified according to the educational level: [low (LE): elementary school or higher (HE)], were identified. In 1091 subjects, a number of characteristics such as (i) number of teeth, (ii) periodontal attachment levels (PAL), (iii) caries and (iv) occlusal function were recorded. Educational level, oral hygiene and dietary habits were self-reported. Non-parametric variables were analyzed by ,2, Mann,Whitney U,Wilcoxon's rank sum tests, and parametric variables by Student's t -test (level of significance 95%). A two-way anova was performed on decayed, missing and filled surfaces to investigate the interaction between age and educational level. All statistical procedures were performed in the SPSS© statistical package. Results: The number of remaining teeth was similar for LE and HE in the 35-year olds (25.8 versus 26.6), but in the older age groups LE had significantly a larger number of missing teeth. The LE groups (except in 65-year olds) exhibited significantly more PAL loss. LE had significantly fewer healthy gingival units in all but the 75-year age group. In all age groups, LE had fewer intact tooth surfaces and a significantly poorer occlusal function. The frequency of tooth cleaning measures and dietary habits did not differ between LE and HE. Conclusion: Educational level was shown to influence the oral conditions and should be considered in assessing risk, and in planning appropriate preventive measures. Zusammenfassung Ziel: Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Evaluation der Verbindung zwischen Bildungsniveau und Erkrankungen der Zähne, Behandlungsnotwendigkeit und oralen Hygienegewohnheiten. Material und Methoden: Randomisierte Gruppen von 35-, 50-, 65- und 75-Jährigen, die entsprechend ihres Bildungsniveau: niedriges Niveau (LE): Grundschule oder höheres Niveau (HE) klassifiziert wurden, wurden gebildet. Bei 1091 Personen wurden eine Anzahl von Charakteristika aufgezeichnet: (i) Anzahl der Zähne, (ii) parodontales Stützgewebeniveau (PAL), (iii) Karies, (iv) okklusale Funktion. Bildungsniveau, orale Hygiene und Eßgewohnheiten wurden selbst erfasst. Parameterfreie Variable wurden mit dem Chi-Quadrat test, dem Mann,Whitney U,Wilcoxon Rangsummentest und die parametergebundenen Variablen mit dem Student t -test (Signifikanz-Niveau 95 %) analysiert. Die Zwei-Wege ANOVA wurde auf dem DMF-s durchgeführt, um die Beziehung zwischen Alter und Bildungsniveau zu untersuchen. Alle statistischen Berechnungen wurden mit dem SPSS Statistik Programm vorgenommen. Ergebnisse: Die Anzahl der verbliebenen Zähne war zwischen LE und HE ähnlich bei den 35-Jährigen (25.8 vs. 26.6), aber in den älteren LE-Gruppen waren signifikant höhere Zahlen für fehlende Zähne. Die LE-Gruppen (ohne die 65-Jährigen) zeigten signifikant größeren PAL Verlust. LE hatten signifikant weniger gingivale Gesundheit bei den 75-Jährigen. In allen Altersgruppen hatten die LE weniger intakte Zahnoberflächen und signifikant geringere okklusale Funktion. Die Häufigkeit der Zahnreinigung und die Eßgewohnheiten unterschieden sich zwischen LE und HE nicht. Schlussfolgerung: Das Bildungsniveau hat einen Einfluss auf die oralen Bedingungen und sollte bei der Erfassung des Risikos und bei der Planung geeigneter Präventionsmaßnahmen beachtet werden. Résumé But: Le but de cette étude était d'évaluer l'association entre niveau d'éducation et maladie dentaire, besoins de traitement et habitudes d'hygiène orale. Matériel et méthodes: Des échantillons randomisés de sujets âgés de 35-, 50-, 65- et 75 ans, classés selon leur niveau d'éducation: [Bas (LE): école élémentaire, ou élevé (HE)] furent identifiés. Chez 1091 sujets, on a enregistré les caractéristiques suivantes: (i) nombre de dents, (ii) niveau d'attache parodontal (PAL), (iii) caries et (iv) fonction occlusale. Le niveau d'éducation, l'hygiène orale, et les habitudes alimentaires étaient rapportés par les patients eux-même. Les variables non paramétriques furent analysées par les tests chi carré, Mann,Whitney U,Wilcoxon rank sum, et les variables paramétriques par le test t de Student (niveau de signification 95%). 2-way ANOVA fut réalisé sur le DMFS pour rechercher l'interaction entre l'âge et le niveau d'éducation. Toutes les opérations statistiques furent menées par utilisation de SPSS©. Résultats: le nombre de dents restantesétait semblable pour LE et HE chez les sujets de 35 ans (25.8 vs. 26.6), mais dans les groupes plus âgés, LE présentait un nombre significativement plus important de dents absentes. Le groupe LE (sauf chez les patients de 65 ans) présentait plus de perte de PAL. LE présentait moins d'unités gingivales saines sauf dans le groupe de patients âgés de 75 ans. Dans tous les groupes d'âge, LE avait moins de surfaces dentaires intactes et une fonction occlusale significativement plus faible. La fréquence des mesures de nettoyage dentaire et les habitudes alimentaires n'étaient pas différentes entre les groupes LE et HE. Conclusion: Il est montré que le niveau d'éducation influence les conditions orales et cela doit être pris en considération lors de la mise en évidence du risque et dans la planification de mesures de prévention appropriées. [source] Evaluation of maximal bite force in temporomandibular disorders patientsJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 8 2006E. M. KOGAWA summary, The aim of this study was to evaluate the maximum bite force in temporomandibular disorders (TMD) patients. Two hundred women were equally divided into four groups: myogenic TMD, articular TMD, mixed TMD and control. The maximum bite force was measured in the first molar area, on both sides, in two sessions, using an IDDK (Kratos) Model digital dynamometer, adapted to oral conditions. Three-way anova, Tukey and Pearson correlation tests were used for the statistical analysis. The level of statistical significance was given when P , 0·05. The maximal bite force values were significantly higher in the control group than in the experimental ones (P = 0·00), with no significant differences between sides. Higher values were obtained in the second session (P = 0·001). Indeed, moderate negative correlation was found between age and bite force, when articular, mixed groups and all groups together were evaluated. A moderate negative correlation was also detected between TMD severity and the maximal bite force values for myogenic, mixed and all groups together. Authors concluded that the presence of masticatory muscle pain and/or TMJ inflammation can play a role in maximum bite force. The mechanisms involved in this process, however, are not well understood and deserve further investigation. [source] Relationship between Oral Health-Related Quality of Life, Satisfaction, and Personality in Patients with Prosthetic RehabilitationsJOURNAL OF PROSTHODONTICS, Issue 1 2010FDS RCS (England), Jordanian Board, Mahmoud K. AL-Omiri BDS Abstract Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between oral health-related quality of life, satisfaction with dentition, and personality profiles among patients with fixed and/or removable prosthetic rehabilitations. Materials and Methods: Thirty-seven patients (13 males, 24 females; mean age 37.6 ± 13.3 years) with fitted prosthetic rehabilitations and 37 controls who matched the patients by age and gender were recruited into the study. The Dental Impact on Daily Living (DIDL) questionnaire was used to assess dental impacts on daily living and satisfaction with the dentition. The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) was used to measure self-reported discomfort, disability, and dysfunction caused by oral conditions. Oral health-related quality of life was assessed by the United Kingdom Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHQoL-UK) measure. Moreover, the NEO five-factor inventory was used to assess participants' personality profiles. Results: Prosthetic factors had no relationship to the DIDL, OHIP, and OHQoL-UK scores. Patients with the least oral health impacts had better oral health-related quality of life (p= 0.023, r =,0.37), higher levels of total satisfaction, and satisfaction with appearance, pain, oral comfort, general performance, and eating (p < 0.05, r =,0.79, ,0.35, ,0.59, ,0.56, ,0.58, and ,0.50, respectively). Patients with better oral health-related quality of life (QoL) had higher total satisfaction, satisfaction with oral comfort, general performance, and eating (p < 0.05, r = 0.34, 0.39, 0.33, and 0.37, respectively). Patients with lower neuroticism scores had less oral health impact (p= 0.006, r = 0.44), better oral health-related QoL (p= 0.032, r =,0.35), higher total satisfaction, satisfaction with appearance, pain, oral comfort, and eating (p < 0.05, r =,0.58, ,0.35, ,0.33, ,0.39, and ,0.35, respectively). Conclusion: Patients' satisfaction with their dentition and prosthetic rehabilitations has positive effects on oral health-related QoL and oral health impacts and improves patients' daily living and dental perceptions. Neuroticism might influence and predict patients' satisfaction with their dentition, oral health impacts, and oral health-related QoL. Satisfaction with the dentition might predict a patient's level of neuroticism. [source] Assessing Levels of Agreement between Two Commonly Used Oral Health-Related Quality of Life MeasuresJOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY, Issue 3 2009Eduardo Bernabé MSc Abstract Objective: This study aimed to assess the level of agreement between two commonly used oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) measures, the short form of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP14) and the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP). Methods: A sample of 1,675 15- to 16-year-old students attending all schools in Bauru (Sao Paulo, Brazil) was selected. The impact of oral conditions on quality of life in the last 6 months was reported using both OHIP14 and OIDP. To allow for comparison with the 100 percent OIDP score, OHIP14 scores were converted to percentages. Then, agreement between the two OHRQoL measures was analyzed using the Bland and Altman method. Results: The mean difference between OHIP14 and OIDP was 6.48 percent [confidence interval95% (6.08; 6.89)], with higher scores reported for OHIP14 than for OIDP. Besides, 95 percent of the differences between the two OHRQoL measures were between ,10.59 and 23.56 percent. Finally, differences between OHIP14 and OIDP increased significantly as the magnitude of their average increased (P < 0.001). Conclusion: There was a moderate level of agreement between OHIP14 and OIDP, which may be partly due to the fact that both OHRQoL measures assess different levels of oral impacts on quality of life in addition to having different scoring systems. [source] Dental Caries Status and Need for Dental Treatment of Pennsylvania Public School Children in Grades 1,3, 9, and 11JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY, Issue 3 2004Robert J. Weyant DMD ABSTRACT Objectives: This cross-sectional study was designed to determine the caries status and provide a general evaluation of the level of dental treatment need of Pennsylvania public school children in grades 1, 3, 9, and 11 on a statewide and regional basis. Methods: Between September 1998 and May 2000, caries status and treatment need were assessed using a school-based dental examination, performed on a representative sample (n=6,040) of public school children in grades 1, 3, 9, and 11 (age range=6 to 21 years). Children's caries status in the primary and permanent dentition was assessed. Need for treatment was scored on a three-level categorical scale,no treatment need identified, routine treatment need, and urgent treatment need,and was based on the presence and severity of caries and other oral conditions. Population estimates of the prevalence of untreated dental caries, DMFT and dft scores, and treatment need were calculated by grade and geographically, using the six Pennsylvania health districts and the cities of Pittsburgh and Philadelphia. The inequality of caries distribution in the population was assessed for both permanent and primary caries using Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients. Results: Dental caries has remained highly prevalent among Pennsylvania's public school children. Caries levels varied considerably by health districts and city. Urgent treatment needs were significant and also varied by health district and city. Conclusions: Dental caries remains the most prevalent disease affecting Pennsylvania's schoolchildren. Caries status varies significantly by region of the state, suggesting that environmental, social, and demographic contextual factors may be important determinants of disease prevalence. [source] Patient delay in oral cancer: a qualitative study of patients' experiencesPSYCHO-ONCOLOGY, Issue 6 2006S.E. Scott Abstract Up to 30% of patients delay seeking the advice of a healthcare professional after self-discovery of symptom(s) of oral cancer. Reasons for this patient delay are poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to explore patients' initial experiences and reactions to developing symptoms of oral cancer, and to identify factors influencing their decision to consult a health care professional. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 consecutive patients who had received a diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma, but had yet to start treatment. Participants were asked about their beliefs about their symptoms over the course of the disease and their decision to seek help. The tape-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using ,Framework analysis'. Oral symptoms were rarely attributed to cancer and were frequently interpreted as minor oral conditions. As a result of these beliefs, patients tended to postpone seeking help or fail to be concerned over their symptoms. Prior to seeking help, patients responded to symptoms by using self-medication, changing the way they ate and disclosing their discovery of symptoms to friends or family. Problems with access to healthcare professionals and patients' social responsibilities acted as barriers to prompt help-seeking. This study has documented that an individual's interpretation of oral cancer symptoms may be misguided and this can adversely affect subsequent help-seeking behaviour. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Job characteristics and the subjective oral health of Australian workersAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 3 2004Anne E. Sanders Objectives: To examine the associations between hours worked, job security, skill maintenance and work and home interference and subjective oral health; and to compare findings for different occupational groups. Methods: Data were collected in 1999 from a random stratified sample of households in all Australian States and Territories using a telephone interview and a questionnaire survey. Subjective oral health was evaluated with the short form Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), which assesses the adverse impact of oral conditions on quality of life. Results: Data were obtained for 2,347 dentate adults in the workforce. In the 12 months preceding the survey, 51.9% had experienced oral pain and 31.0% reported psychological discomfort from dental problems. Males, young adults, Australian-born workers, and those in upper-white collar occupations reported lower mean OHIP-14 scores (ANOVA p<0.001). Having controlled for the effects sex, age, country of birth and socio-economic factors in a linear multiple regression analysis, hours worked, skill maintenance and work and home interference were significantly associated with OHIP-14 scores for all workers. While part-time work was associated with higher OHIP-14 among upper white-collar workers, working >40 hours a week was associated with higher OHIP-14 scores for other workers. Conclusions: Aspects of the work environment are associated with the subjective oral health of workers. Because these contexts are subject to only limited control by individual workers, their influence is a public health issue. [source] Social Inequality: Social inequality in perceived oral health among adults in AustraliaAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 2 2004Anne E. Sanders Objective: To establish population estimates of self-assessed tooth loss and subjective oral health and describe the social distribution of these measures among dentate adults in Australia. Methods: Self-report data were obtained from a nationally representative sample of 3,678 adults aged 18,91 years who participated in the 1999 National Dental Telephone Interview Survey and completed a subsequent mail survey. Oral health was evaluated using (1) self-assessed tooth loss, (2) the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile, and (3) a global six-point rating of oral health. Results: While the absolute difference in tooth loss across household income levels increased at each successive age group (18,44 years, 45,64 years, 65+ years) from 0.7 teeth to 6.1 teeth, the magnitude of the difference was approximately twofold at each age group. For subjective oral health measures, the magnitude of difference across income groups was most pronounced in the 18,44 years age group. In multivariate analysis, low household income, blue-collar occupation, and high residential area disadvantage were positively associated with social impact from oral conditions and pathological tooth loss. Speaking other than English at home (relative to English), low household income (relative to high income), and vocational relative to tertiary education were each associated with more than twice the odds of poor self-rated oral health. Conclusions: Significant social differentials in perceived oral health exist among dentate adults. Inequalities span the socio-economic hierarchy. Implications: In addition to improving overall levels of oral health in the adult community, goals and targets should aim to reduce social inequalities in the distribution of outcomes. [source] | ||||||||||