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Optimum Range (optimum + range)
Selected AbstractsEnhancement of heat transfer in hydrogen storage tank with hydrogen absorbing alloy (optimum fin layout)HEAT TRANSFER - ASIAN RESEARCH (FORMERLY HEAT TRANSFER-JAPANESE RESEARCH), Issue 3 2008Yuichi Mitsutake Abstract Optimization of the fin layout in a metal hydride (MH) bed has been sought to enhance poor heat transmission in a hydrogen storage tank, and to obtain a maximum hydrogen absorption rate with a smaller volume of fins. Two different fin configurations, radial and circular fins, in a vertical cylindrical reactor vessel were tested with a La-Ni-based AB5 type hydrogen storage alloy. A two-dimensional transient heat conduction analysis, coupled with predicted temperature and concentration of absorbed hydrogen in the bed for the exothermic hydride reaction, was used to evaluate enhancement of the hydrogen absorption time. The estimated temperature and concentration agreed within 6 K and 8.5%, respectively, with our experimental results. The effect of thickness and the spacing and shape of fins on the hydrogen absorption time were analytically evaluated, so that the optimum range of the each fin layout was obtained by the trade off between absorption time and reduction in the MH volume due to the volume occupied by fins. The hydrogen absorption time for the recommended layout of circular fins was reduced to approximately one-third of that without fins. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 37(3): 165,183, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20195 [source] Development of a Novel Oxidative Hair Color Based on a System with an Optimized Ratio of Higher Alcohol to Cationic SurfactantINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Issue 1 2006T. Yamashita Oxidative hair color, the most commonly used for coloring hair, is characterized by its bleaching effect. This effect enables dark hair to be dyed in various bright colors. In order to enhance this bleaching effect, the concentration of either the alkalizing or oxidizing agent in the hair color base is generally increased. However, this method causes chemical damage to the hair. With the aim of finding methods to obtain an improved bleaching effect without increasing the amount of bleaching ingredients, the authors investigated the permeation mechanism. Cationic bases showed the highest bleaching effect and allowed greater penetration, permitting bleaching ingredients to enter the cortex of the hair more easily and diffuse more quickly. In addition, the molar ratios of higher alcohol (A) to cationic surfactant (C) as a function of the bleaching effect were also evaluated. The results showed an optimum range for this A/C ratio. The smoothness of the hair was also evaluated, revealing an optimum range for the A/C ratio. Based on these findings, a product with an A/C ratio that maximizes the bleaching effect and the smoothness of the hair was successfully developed. Comparison of this newly developed product with a conventional product verified that the new product has a greater bleaching effect and gives a beautiful depth of color while maintaining the silky smoothness of the texture of the hair. Part of this study was presented at the 23rd IFSCC Congress 2004, Orlando, Florida USA. [source] Modeling of a geothermal standing column wellINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH, Issue 4 2008E. Abu-Nada Abstract This paper presents a three-dimensional numerical investigation of a geothermal standing column well (SCW) to carry out heating simulations during January in four selected locations in Jordan. It is shown that the outlet temperature of SCW increases with the depth of the borehole. However, the successful choice of the location is of extreme importance as there is a limit on the outlet temperature that can be achieved at a given location. It is demonstrated that bleeding is generally effective in increasing the outlet temperature. An optimum range of bleed rate exists around 12,13%. Also, bleeding is more effective in achieving higher outlet temperatures when used in locations with higher soil porosity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The role of host organism, transcriptional switches and reporter mechanisms in the performance of Hg-induced biosensorsJOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 6 2004M. Harkins Abstract Aims:, The purpose of this study was to comprehensively compare the response of nine biosensors capable of being induced by Hg. Induction by Hg was based upon the insertion of merR, merB, zntA and zntR promoter genes. LuxCDABE or lucFF reporter genes expressed luminescence, and host organisms were Escherichia coli, Vibrio anguillarum and Pseudomonas fluorescens. The role of transcriptional switches, reporter mechanism and host organism was to be investigated. Methods and Results:, All biosensors were subjected to the same assay conditions. Sensors had their own individual growth characteristics and response to the doses of Hg tested. Maximum bioluminescence response was induced by concentrations of Hg between 2·5 nm and 5 ,m. E. coli pRB28 was found to detect levels of Hg as low as 1·6 nm and yet was capable of operating in a concentration range of up to 12·5 ,m. Conclusions:, The response of the sensors demonstrated their suitability for analysis under environmentally relevant concentrations. The sensitivity of the sensors, the optimum range and the expediency of the assay could not be related to a single sensor trait. It may be concluded that biosensor performance is dependent on more than one of the single factors studied. Significance and Impact of the Study:, The results show that comparative testing of sensors is an important step in evaluating the relevance and performance of biosensors prior to routine environmental application. [source] Validation of the AMPF,STR® MiniFilerTM PCR Amplification Kit for Use in Forensic Casework,JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES, Issue 5 2009Coral Luce M.S. Abstract:, The AmpF,STR® MiniFilerTM PCR Amplification Kit is designed to genotype degraded and/or inhibited DNA samples when the AmpF,STR® IdentifilerTM PCR Amplification Kit is incapable of generating a complete genetic profile. Validation experiments, following the SWGDAM guidelines, were designed to evaluate the performance of MiniFiler. Data obtained demonstrated that MiniFiler, when used in conjunction with Identifiler, provided an increased ability to obtain genetic profiles from challenged samples. The optimum template range was found to be between 0.2 and 0.6 ng, with 0.3 ng yielding the best results. Full concordance was achieved between the MiniFiler kit and Identifiler kit except in a single case of a null allele at locus D21S11. Numerous instances of severe heterozygous peak imbalance (<50%) were observed in single source samples amplified within the optimum range of input DNA suggesting that caution be taken when attempting to deduce component genotypes in a mixture. [source] | ||||||||||