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Opportunistic Sample (opportunistic + sample)
Selected AbstractsDeterminants in the development of advanced nursing practice: a case study of primary-care settings in Hong KongHEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY, Issue 1 2005Sheila Twinn BA PGCEA PhD RN RHV Abstract Different factors have been shown to influence the development of models of advanced nursing practice (ANP) in primary-care settings. Although ANP is being developed in hospitals in Hong Kong, China, it remains undeveloped in primary care and little is known about the factors determining the development of such a model. The aims of the present study were to investigate the contribution of different models of nursing practice to the care provided in primary-care settings in Hong Kong, and to examine the determinants influencing the development of a model of ANP in such settings. A multiple case study design was selected using both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection. Sampling methods reflected the population groups and stage of the case study. Sampling included a total population of 41 nurses from whom a secondary volunteer sample was drawn for face-to-face interviews. In each case study, a convenience sample of 70 patients were recruited, from whom 10 were selected purposively for a semi-structured telephone interview. An opportunistic sample of healthcare professionals was also selected. The within-case and cross-case analysis demonstrated four major determinants influencing the development of ANP: (1) current models of nursing practice; (2) the use of skills mix; (3) the perceived contribution of ANP to patient care; and (4) patients' expectations of care. The level of autonomy of individual nurses was considered particularly important. These determinants were used to develop a model of ANP for a primary-care setting. In conclusion, although the findings highlight the complexity determining the development and implementation of ANP in primary care, the proposed model suggests that definitions of advanced practice are appropriate to a range of practice models and cultural settings. However, the findings highlight the importance of assessing the effectiveness of such models in terms of cost and long-term patient outcomes. [source] Independent mental health nurse prescribingJOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC & MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, Issue 6 2009A. JONES phd rn Independent prescribing (IP) is a new form of prescriptive authority for mental health services. Very little is known about where IP is being implemented and factors to support or constrain its adoption. An opportunistic sample of 119 respondents made up of nurses, doctors, support workers, occupational therapists and social workers completed an online survey. The sample worked in adult, old age and substance misuse services. Hospital wards and community mental health teams were identified as the highest ranked areas for implementation. A total of 68% of the sample identified pharmacology as the area for further training. And 40% of the sample felt that IP had been introduced to make services more effective. This opportunistic sample supported IP as a means to offer greater patient choice and as a method to broaden the boundaries of nursing practice. Integral to this development is the link between the psychiatrist and IP nurse in terms of work allocation and supervision. [source] Prevalence of depression and anxiety in hospitalized chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and their quality of life: a pilot studyASIA-PACIFIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 3 2009Herng Nieng Chan MBBS MMed (Psychiatry) Abstract Introduction: There is a high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). It has been reported that if left untreated, the psychiatric comobidities can lead to poorer quality of life. The present study was initiated to investigate the prevalence of major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder in hospitalized COPD patients and their quality of life. Methods: The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) of the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) was administered to screen an opportunistic sample of COPD patients admitted to a general hospital for the abovementioned psychiatric disorders. The Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was utilized to assess quality of life. Results: Fifty-one patients were analyzed. The prevalence of major depressive disorder in this sample on screening was 7.8% (95% CI 2.2,18.9) and that of anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder) was 5.9% (95% CI 1.2,16.2). The quality of life of COPD patients with psychiatric comorbidities in the present study was severely impaired in seven of the eight domains measured by the SF-36. Discussion: Despite the small sample size of COPD patients, the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities was not insignificant. The present study showed that the quality of life of hospitalized COPD patients with psychiatric illnesses was significantly lowered. Treatment of COPD should include addressing psychosocial issues. [source] Fungiform papillary glossitis: atopic disease in the mouth?BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2005R. Marks Summary Background, Asthma, eczema and hay fever are the classical manifestations of atopic disease. Geographic tongue (benign migratory glossitis) has also been reported to be a manifestation. Anecdotally, atopic people frequently report irritation of the tongue by heat and certain foods, which may be more common than realized. Objectives, To determine whether atopic people have an increased likelihood of a sensitive tongue manifest as inflamed fungiform papillae and a history of irritation by certain foods. Patients/methods, A descriptive classification of inflammation of the fungiform papillae on the tongue was developed using a 9-point analogue scale where 1 was considered normal and 9 was considered to be severely inflamed. An opportunistic sample of participants were classified as atopic or not on the basis of a personal history of asthma, eczema or hay fever. An examination of the tongue was performed using the classification and then a questionnaire was administered on whether they burnt their tongue easily with hot food and whether they were irritated by certain foods. Results, There were 200 participants aged 20 years and over of whom 104 (52%) were classified as atopic on the basis of the personal history. There was a significant positive association between increasingly inflamed fungiform papillae and the likelihood of being atopic. There was also a positive association between increasing inflammation of the fungiform papillae and a history of both burning the tongue easily and irritation of the tongue by food. There was an increased likelihood of a history of irritation of the tongue with certain foods amongst atopic participants and they were also more likely to burn their tongue with hot food than those who were nonatopic. Conclusion, Atopic people are more likely than the normal community to have inflammation of the fungiform papillae of their tongue which correlates with a history of a sensitive tongue manifest as irritation by heat and certain foods. These data suggest that atopic disease may occur in the mouth as a common inflammatory change on the tongue,fungiform papillary glossitis. [source] | ||||||||||