Home  About us  Contact
 

Operational Mode (operational + mode)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Life Sciences40%
Engineering40%

Selected Abstracts

The significance of a small, level-3 ,semi evacuation' hospital in a terrorist attack in a nearby town

DISASTERS, Issue 3 2007
Moshe Pinkert
Terrorist attacks can occur in remote areas causing mass-casualty incidents MCIs far away from level-1 trauma centres. This study draws lessons from an MCI pertaining to the management of primary and secondary evacuation and the operational mode practiced. Data was collected from formal debriefings during and after the event, and the medical response, interactions and main outcomes analysed using Disastrous Incidents Systematic Analysis through Components, Interactions and Results (DISAST-CIR) methodology. A total of 112 people were evacuated from the scene,66 to the nearby level 3 Laniado hospital, including the eight critically and severely injured patients. Laniado hospital was instructed to act as an evacuation hospital but the flow of patients ended rapidly and it was decided to admit moderately injured victims. We introduce a novel concept of a ,semi-evacuation hospital'. This mode of operation should be selected for small-scale events in which the evacuation hospital has hospitalization capacity and is not geographically isolated. We suggest that level-3 hospitals in remote areas should be prepared and drilled to work in semi-evacuation mode during MCIs. [source]

Optimization of the electrokinetic supercharging preconcentration for high-sensitivity microchip gel electrophoresis on a cross-geometry microchip

ELECTROPHORESIS, Issue 14 2004
Zhongqi Xu
Abstract We developed a novel on-line preconcentration procedure for microchip gel electrophoresis (MCGE), which enables application of electrokinetic supercharging (EKS) for highly sensitive detection of DNA fragments on a cross-geometry microchip. In comparison with conventional pinched injection using the cross microchip, the present approach allows loading a much larger amount of the sample by taking advantage of a newly developed operational mode. In order to obtain high preconcentration effect and prevent splitting of an enriched sample into subchannels, i.e., off the detector range, effects of the voltage applied on the reservoirs and the time of isotachophoretic preconcentration were examined. The optimal balance between the voltage and time was found for a high-sensitivity analysis of DNA fragments. After experimental optimization the detection limit of a 150 bp fragment was as low as 0.22 mg/L (S/N = 3) that is 10 times better than using the conventional pinched injection. [source]

Fast analytical short-circuit current calculation of rectifier-fed auxiliary subsystems

EUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL POWER, Issue 3 2003
M. Kunz
The course of time of a three-phase rectifier system which its alternating valve participation can be interpreted as a continuous sequence of alternating switching states. To allow a more convenient calculation, the substitutional circuit with the converter is transformed into state-space coordinates. Hereby each operational mode of the rectifier can be represented by two linear independent space-phasor component networks. In the state-space, an analytical solution for this boundary value system can be carried out. After a retransformation back into the time domain, its time functions can be derived. In contrast to other calculation methods, no assumptions or simplifications have to be made like ideal smooth DC currents. Furthermore, all states of operation of the rectifier bridge can be easily calculated, which cover DC side idle-running to DC short-circuit. [source]

Round-robin wavelength assignment: a new packet sequence criterion in optical packet switching SCWP networks

EUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS, Issue 4 2006
P. Pavón-Mariño
The WASPNET project proposed a packet sequence criterion to preserve end-to-end packet order in optical packet switching (OPS) networks controlled by the scattered wavelength path (SCWP) operational mode. This paper shows that this packet ordering methodology causes performance impairments, related to unbalanced wavelength usage in fibre links. This skewed usage is inherent to the WASPNET sequencing criterion. As a solution, a round-robin sequence criterion is proposed. The presented technique eliminates non-uniform wavelength utilisation in fibre links for any traffic pattern, as well as the performance impairments associated. We also propose an optimum scheduling algorithm for OPS output-buffered switch fabrics, which preserves packet order by following the new sequencing criterion. Copyright © 2005 AEIT. [source]

Continuous screening system for inhibited enzyme catalysis: A membrane reactor approach

BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL, Issue 8 2010
Evgenij Lyagin
Abstract The screening of catalysts, substrates or conditions in the early stages of bioprocess development requires an enormous number of experiments and is a tedious, expensive and time-consuming task. Currently available screening systems can only be operated in batch or fed-batch mode, which can lead to severe misinterpretations of screening results. For example, catalysts that are inhibited by substrates or accumulating products will be excluded from further investigations in the early stages of process development despite the fact that they might be superior to other candidates in a different operational mode. Important and advantageous properties such as turnover stability can also be overshadowed by product inhibition. The aim of this study was to develop a novel screening system that enables continuous feeding of substrates and continuous removal of products. A prototype based on the membrane reactor concept was designed and operated for a model reaction, the hydrolysis of cellulose. [source]