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Only Slight (only + slight)

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Medical Sciences40%

Terms modified by Only Slight

  • only slight change
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    Selected Abstracts

    An overview of oral health promotion in adolescents

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 3 2009
    VILMA BRUKIEN
    Objective., The aim of this study was to overview the effectiveness of different strategies used to promote oral health in adolescents. Methods., A search of the MEDLINE via OVID database was performed through September 2007. The studies aiming to modify oral health-related lifestyle in adolescents with experimental pre- to post-test controlled study design were targeted. Oral health-related knowledge, attitudes, oral hygiene status, gingival health, and caries status were used as outcome measures for the evaluation of changes in adolescent oral health-related behaviour. Results., All studies evaluating knowledge showed cognitive gains. Only slight or no improvement in attitude was reported. The average improvement in oral hygiene was 30,50%. A wide range 0,50% of the effects on gingival health was presented. However, the relapse in oral hygiene status towards baseline values was also observed. Only studies employing professionally applied preventive measures in conjunction with educational activities reported significantly lower caries incidence. Conclusion., The limited success of the behavioural interventions and the lack of diversity in methods used do not allow identification of the best ways to promote oral health towards adolescents. Therefore, alternative approaches for oral health promotion in adolescents should be explored. [source]

    Development of fluridil, a topical suppressor of the androgen receptor in androgenetic alopecia

    DRUG DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, Issue 3 2003
    Allen L Seligson
    Abstract Nonsteroidal antiandrogens (AA) cannot be topically used for androgenetic alopecia (AGA) because of systemic resorption. A new class of androgen receptor (AR) suppressors designed for safe topical treatment of AGA was synthesized from (3-amino-2-hydroxy-2-methyl- N -(4-nitro-3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl) propanamide (BP-34), to contain perfluoroalkyl moieties. The trifluoromethyl derivative (fluridil) at 10 ,M decreased expression of the AR in LNCaP human cells by 95%, its serum half-life was 6 h; it decomposes hydrolytically to BP-34 and trifluoroacetic acid. Acute intraperitoneal maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of fluridil in mice is 270,300 mg/kg/d and the subacute MTD is 450 mg/kg/d. The oral LD50 in mice was 2,872 mg/kg in males, 2,232 mg/kg in females, and >2,500 mg/kg in rats. Fluridil solution in isopropanol was not cutaneously absorbed in rabbits, did not sensitize or show any phototoxic or photoallergic effects on guinea pig skin, and demonstrated no skin irritation potential in rabbits and humans. Fluridil solid induced only slight and reversible eye irritancy in rabbits and displayed no cytotoxicity to rabbit corneal fibroblasts in vitro. Fluridil demonstrated no significant mutagenicity potential by Ames method. In a double-blind study, 43 males with AGA, Norwood grade II to Va, used topical 2% fluridil in isopropanol or the vehicle daily for 12 months. Anagens (growing hairs) increased in the fluridil group from 76% to 89%. All hematological and biochemistry values remained within normal range, including testosterone, which varied but seasonally. No fluridil or its decomposition product (BP-34) was detected in serum. No adverse side effects were reported. Drug Dev. Res. 59:292,306, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

    GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A BIODEGRADED CRUDE OIL, ASSRAN FIELD, CENTRAL GULF OF SUEZ

    JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGY, Issue 4 2009
    A. H. Hegazi
    A crude oil sample from the Assran field in the Central Gulf of Suez (Egypt) was analysed geochemically and characterized in terms of a variety of source and maturity dependent biomarkers. Biodegradation was indicated by increasing concentration ratios of Pr/n-C17 and Ph/n-C18. However, biodegradation was only slight as GC-MS analyses of the saturate and aromatic fractions showed that hopanes, steranes, aromatic steroids and polycyclic aromatic compounds including sulphur heterocycles remained intact. The sterane and hopane distributions showed a predominance of C27 steranes, a low diasterane index, an abundance of gammacerane, a high homohopane index and an oleanane index < 0.2. The results indicate that the Assran-10 crude oil was derived from a marine carbonate source deposited in a highly reducing saline environment with a high bacterial contribution, consistent with the Upper Cretaceous Brown Limestone or Lower Eocene Thebes Formation containing Type IIS kerogen. Maturity parameters based on changes in the stereochemistry at chirality centres in hopane and sterane nuclei, such as C30,,/(,,+,,) and C31 22S/(22S+22R) hopanes and C29,,/(,,+,,) and C29 20S/(20S+20R) steranes, together with triaromatic sterane cracking ratios, indicate that the oil sample was marginally mature. The results also suggest that biodegradation is probably due to sulphate-reducing anaerobic bacteria. [source]

    Effects of Growth Hormone on Female Reproductive Organs

    ANATOMIA, HISTOLOGIA, EMBRYOLOGIA, Issue 5 2001
    G. G. Kaiser
    During the last decade many experiments have been performed to study the effects of growth hormone (GH, somatotropin) on reproductive functions. Most of the studies found only slight or no effects of GH treatment, both on the oestrous cycle and on gonadotropin, progesterone, or oestrogen serum levels. In GH-treated animals, elevated levels of insulin-like growth factor I and GH in the serum could be correlated with an increased number of small (<5 mm in diameter) ovarian follicles, possibly as a consequence of a reduction of apoptosis and follicular atresia. There is still controversy over the effects of GH on in vivo and in vitro embryo production and on the gestation period. Recent studies produced some evidence that GH-receptor is expressed in ovarian tissue, implying a direct role for GH in the ovary. [source]

    The third-millennium tombs and settlement at Mowaihat in the Emirate of Ajman, U.A.E.

    ARABIAN ARCHAEOLOGY AND EPIGRAPHY, Issue 1 2007
    Carl Phillips
    Evidence of a settlement located near two late third-millennium tombs excavated at Mowaihat in the Emirate of Ajman is presented in order to complete the documentation of this site. Although the settlement evidence is only slight, especially when compared with the substantial architecture of the tombs, it is not atypical of contemporary sites in this region. A possible interpretation is, therefore, proposed in an attempt to explain the various third-millennium tomb and settlement associations that have been reported from the Gulf coast of the United Arab Emirates. [source]