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Medical Sciences	60%

Selected Abstracts

Long-term outcomes of positive fluorescence in situ hybridization tests in primary sclerosing cholangitis,

HEPATOLOGY, Issue 1 2010
Sanjay Y. Bangarulingam
Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are at increased risk for developing cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a cytological test designed to enhance early CCA diagnosis. The long-term outcome of PSC patients with a positive FISH test (polysomy, trisomy/tetrasomy) are unclear. All PSC patients with at least one FISH test were identified and defined to have CCA if they had a positive tissue biopsy, positive cytology, or evidence of cancer in the explant after liver transplantation. A total of 235 PSC patients had at least one FISH test performed, and 56 patients had CCA on histopathology (n = 35) or cytology (n = 21). Overall, 120 of 235 (51%) of PSC patients tested for FISH were positive, but only one third of these positive patients had CCA. Sensitivity and specificity for FISH polysomy were 46% and 88%, and for trisomy/tetrasomy they were 25% and 67%, respectively. Survival analysis showed that patients with FISH polysomy had an outcome similar to patients with CCA; whereas FISH trisomy/tetrasomy patients had an outcome similar to patients with negative FISH tests. The FISH polysomy patients without cancer compared with those with CCA had lower serum bilirubin, lower carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), lower Mayo risk score, and lower occurrence of dominant strictures. Conclusion: In PSC patients, the presence of a dominant stricture plus FISH polysomy has a specificity of 88% for CCA. Patients with FISH showing trisomy or tetrasomy have a similar outcome to patients with negative FISH. FISH testing should be used selectively in patients with other signs indicating CCA and not as a screening tool in all PSC patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). (HEPATOLOGY 2009.) [source]

Patterns of muscle involvement in inclusion body myositis: Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging study

MUSCLE AND NERVE, Issue 11 2001
Beverley A. Phillips PhD
Abstract The differential patterns of muscle involvement in the upper and lower limbs in sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) were examined in 18 patients using both quantitative and manual muscle testing as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 9 patients. Weakness of the quadriceps femoris and the forearm flexors was present in most patients, but there was considerable variability in the patterns and severity of muscle involvement. MRI disclosed preferential patterns of muscle involvement within functional groups such as the quadriceps femoris, in which there was severe involvement of the vasti with relative sparing of the rectus femoris, and the triceps surae, in which selective involvement of the medial gastrocnemius was common. Involvement of flexor digitorum profundus on MRI was found in only one third of patients. The results emphasize the variability in the clinical phenotype and differential susceptibility of muscles to the disease process in sIBM. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 1526,1534, 2001 [source]

Progress in dye-sensitized solid state solar cells

PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (B) BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 9 2008
P. M. Sirimanne
Abstract Recently, dye sensitized solid-state solar cells with the configuration of n-semiconductor | sensitizer | hole-conductor (NDP) have been demonstrated. The maximum power conversion efficiency of this type of solar cells reaches only one third compared to that of dye sensitized photo-electrochemical cells. The properties of different types of solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells are discussed with the aim to understand the mechanisms of operation of these devices. Here we present an overview and the current state of NDP type solar cells based on copper iodide (or copper thiocyanate) as a hole-conductor. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source]

Safety evaluation of intravitreal use of a beta2-agonist in rabbit eyes

ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2009
J VAN CALSTER
Purpose There is no known information on the use and safety of a long-acting beta-agonist, such as Clenbuterol when administered by intravitreal injection. Therefore, it is appropriate to perform this intravitreal injection in an animal model prior to start with a human experiment. The aim is to investigate the safety of an intravitreal injection of the beta2-agonist Clenbuterol in rabbit eyes. This study is in preparation of using of this molecule in human eyes. That trial will be a monocentric, academic (investigator driven) trial to investigate the safety and efficacy of an intravitreal beta2-agonist in patients with persistent subfoveal fluid after retinal detachment surgery. Approval of the ethics committee for the human trial has already been obtained, pending a re-evaluation after the results of the animal study will be known. Methods 5 rabbits will receive an injection of 0.1 ml solution containing 0.08µg Clenbuterol in one eye and an injection of 0.1ml NaCl 0.9% in the other eye. Since the volume of an adult rabbit eye is only one third of an adult human eye, the achieved concentration with be three time the concentration suggested for use in a human eye. [source]

Using Acetylene for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO in Excess Oxygen

CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, Issue 5 2006
Shan-Shan Yu
Abstract Acetylene as a reducing agent for selective catalytic reduction of NO (C2H2 -SCR) was investigated over a series of metal exchanged HY catalysts, in the reaction system of 0.16% NO, 0.08% C2H2, and 9.95% O2 (volume percent) in He. 75% of NO conversion to N2 with hydrocarbon efficiency about 1.5 was achieved over a Ce-HY catalyst around 300 °C. The NO removal level was comparable with that of selective catalytic reduction of NOx by C3H6 reported in literatures, although only one third of the reducing agent in carbon moles was used in the C2H2 -SCR of NO. The protons in zeolite were crucial to the C2H2 -SCR of NO, and the performance of HY in the reaction was significantly promoted by cerium incorporation into the zeolite. NO2 was proposed to be the intermediate of NO reduction to N2, and the oxidation of NO to NO2 was rate-determining step of the C2H2 -SCR of NO over Ce-HY. The suggestion was well supported by the results of the NO oxidation with O2, and the C2H2 consumption under the conditions in the presence or absence of NO. [source]