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One-size-fits-all Approach (one-size-fits-all + approach)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Humanities and Social Sciences	60%

Selected Abstracts

Differences in the Performance of Public Organisations in Ghana: Implications for Public-Sector Reform Policy

DEVELOPMENT POLICY REVIEW, Issue 6 2006
Francis Owusu
This article uses survey data from Ghana to examine whether there are significant differences in the characteristics of poor and well performing public organisations, and finds that they differ in two respects: remuneration and hiring criteria. It argues that transforming those that perform poorly is, however, more complex than simply addressing these differences: it requires fundamental changes in the cultures of organisations. Recommendations are made for designing comprehensive public-sector reform strategies that focus on both the enabling environment and achieving cultural change in specific organisations, avoiding a one-size-fits-all approach. [source]

Good Government Means Different Things in Different Countries

GOVERNANCE, Issue 1 2010
MATT ANDREWS
Work on good governance implies a one-best-way model of effective government. This has isomorphic influences on development, whereby governments are influenced to adopt a one-size-fits-all approach to get things done. This article challenges whether such an approach exists, proposing that models actually do not hold even for the so-called effective governments. Governments look different, even if they are similarly called models of good government. This proposition is examined through a study of public financial management practices in a set of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and non-OECD countries. The study shows that effective governments are not more likely to exhibit better practice characteristics implied in one-best-way models. Good public financial management means different things in different countries. The article concludes by suggesting that good governance models give way to menus and the development community invest more time in examining why different countries select different menu items. [source]

Integrated strategies for assessment of metabolite exposure in humans during drug development: analytical challenges and clinical development considerations

BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND DRUG DISPOSITION, Issue 4 2009
Mingshe Zhu
Abstract Monitoring the exposure of a drug and its metabolites in humans and preclinical species during drug development is required to ensure that the safety of drug-related components in humans are adequately assessed in the standard toxicology studies. Recently published FDA guidance on metabolites in safety testing (MIST) has generated broad discussion from various perspectives. Most of the opinions and experiences shared among the scientific community are scientifically sound and practical. There are various approaches to assess the metabolite exposure margin between toxicology species and humans: either by direct or indirect comparison or by qualitative or quantitative comparison. The choice of when and how to pursuit metabolite assessment is based on the overall development strategy of the compound. Therefore, it is important to understand the utility and limitations of analytical instruments in order to apply an appropriate analytical tool to address specific questions posed at different stages of drug development. The urgency of metabolite monitoring depends on the intrinsic nature of the compound, therapeutic intent and objective of the clinical development. The strategy for assessing metabolite exposure in humans should be a holistic approach considering clinical situations and cumulative knowledge of the metabolism of the drug in order to appropriately address metabolite safety in humans. A one-size-fits-all approach is rarely the best use of resources. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Comorbidity and Psychological Science: Does One Size Fit All?

CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE, Issue 1 2007
Nancy A. Piotrowski
Psychologists need a thorough understanding of comorbidity involving physical health, substance use, and other mental health problems for clinical research, practice, and training. Comorbidity affects case management from treatment entry through follow-up, touching the work of psychologists in all related settings and at varying levels of training. Conceptualizations of comorbidity, however, are heterogeneous and may vary by training and employment experiences and settings. As such, there is a need to examine the concept of comorbidity more methodically. This article argues that current knowledge and developing language challenges a one-size-fits-all approach to comorbidity. The article outlines and discusses relevant considerations for research, treatment, and training regarding comorbidity. [source]

Gender, social capital and location: understanding the interactions

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WELFARE, Issue 2 2007
Karen Healy
In recent years, governments in many post-industrial nations have re-discovered ,community'. Social capital and neighbourhood renewal are key concepts underpinning policies aimed at building the capacities of communities to respond to the problems facing them. Despite the apparent consensus amongst Anglo-American governments about the use of social capital, and related concepts, as a guide for policy formulation these ideas remain hotly contested amongst social policy commentators. Against a general backdrop of disquiet about the application of social capital initiatives to communities facing significant social and economic challenges, some commentators highlight the curious inattention to gender in debates about social capital. This is all the more troubling given the apparent reliance of social capital initiatives on the informal network-building activities often undertaken by women. In this article we present findings from an empirical study of social capital creation across four geographically diverse communities. We show that the relationship between gender and social capital is complex. We argue that the ,one-size-fits-all' approach to social capital formulation fails to recognise gendered patterns of social capital formulation, but so, too, do analyses of gender that neglect the complex interactions between gender and other factors, particularly location, age and income. We argue for approaches to policy formulation that recognise local differences, including differences between and amongst men and women in social capital creation. [source]