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Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%
Chemistry	50%

Selected Abstracts

Relative concentrations of hK2/PSA mRNA in benign and malignant prostatic tissue

THE PROSTATE, Issue 4 2005
Susanna Lintula
Abstract BACKGROUND Prostate-specific antigen (PSA/KLK3) and human kallikrein 2 (hK2/KLK2) belong to the human kallikrein gene family. These two highly homologous genes are specifically expressed in the prostate under androgen control. Expression of these is regulated by similar mechanisms but changes in their relative expression have been observed in prostate cancer. METHODS We determined the relative levels of PSA and hK2 mRNA in benign and malignant prostate tissue using a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. The mRNA of PSA and hK2 are reverse transcribed and amplified in one reaction with the same primers. RESULTS The variation in the ratio of hK2/PSA mRNA was remarkably small, the difference between the highest and lowest values being three-fold. The ratio was significantly higher in WHO grade 2 compared to normal or benign prostatic hyperplasia tissue (P,=,0.032 and P,=,0.035, respectively) and in grade 3 compared to normal or benign prostatic hyperplasia tissue (P,=,0.006 in both). CONCLUSIONS The new quantitative RT-PCR technique facilitates very accurate quantitation of the relative mRNA levels of homologous genes. Using this method we have shown that the ratio of hK2/PSA mRNA is higher in cancerous than in benign prostatic tissue. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Two cobalt(III) mono-dimethylglyoximates isolated from one reaction

ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C, Issue 9 2010
Agnieszka Czapik
The reaction of cobalt(II) nitrate hexahydrate with dimethylglyoxime (DMGH2) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) in a 1:1:2 molar ratio results in two CoIII mono-dimethylglyoximates having two chelating phen ligands in cis positions and the CoIII atom coordinated by six N atoms in a distorted octahedral coordination geometry. The isolated products differ in the deprotonation state of the DMGH2 ligand. In [,-hydrogen bis(N,N,-dioxidobutane-2,3-diimine)]tetrakis(1,10-phenanthroline)cobalt(III) trinitrate ethanol disolvate 1.87-hydrate, [Co2(C4H6N2O2)(C4H7N2O2)(C12H8N2)4](NO3)3·2C2H6O·1.87H2O, (I), the C2 -symmetric cation is formed with the coordination [Co(DMG)(phen)2]+ cations aggregating via a very strong O,...H+...O, hydrogen bond with an O...O distance of 2.409,(4),Å. Crystals of (I) exhibit extensive disorder of the solvent molecules, the nitrate anions and one of the phen ligands. Compound (I) is a kinetic product, not isolated previously from similar systems, that transforms slowly into (N -hydroxy- N,-oxidobutane-2,3-diimine)bis(1,10-phenanthroline)cobalt(III) dinitrate ethanol monosolvate 0.4-hydrate, [Co(C4H7N2O2)(C12H8N2)2](NO3)2·C2H6O·0.40H2O, (II), with the DMGH, ligand hydrogen bonded to one of the nitrate anions. In (II), the solvent molecules and one of the nitrate anions are disordered. [source]

Isomeric Squaraine-Based [2]Pseudorotaxanes and [2]Rotaxanes: Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Their Tubular Structures in the Solid State

CHEMISTRY - A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, Issue 28 2010
Min Xue
Abstract On the basis of formation of [2]pseudorotaxane complexes between triptycene-derived tetralactam macrocycles 1,a and 1,b and squaraine dyes, construction of squaraine-based [2]rotaxanes through clipping reactions were studied in detail. As a result, when two symmetrical squaraines 2,d and 2,e were utilized as templates, two pairs of isomeric [2]rotaxanes 3,a,b and 4,a,b as diastereomers were obtained, owing to the two possible linking modes of triptycene derivatives. It was also found, interestingly, that when a nonsymmetrical dye 2,g was involved, there existed simultaneously three isomers of [2]rotaxanes in one reaction due to the different directions of the guest threading. The 1H,NMR and 2D NOESY NMR spectra were used to distinguish the isomers, and the yield of [2]rotaxane 5,a with the benzyl group in the wider rim of the host 1,a was found to be higher than that of another isomer 5,b with an opposite direction of the guest, which indicated the partial selection of the threading direction. The X-ray structures of 3,b and 4,a showed that, except for the standard hydrogen bonds between the amide protons of the hosts and the carbonyl oxygen atoms of the guests, multiple ,,,,, stacking and CH,,,, interactions between triptycene subunits and aromatic rings of the guests also participated in the complexation. Crystallographic studies also revealed that the [2]rotaxane molecules 3,b and 4,a further self-assembled into tubular structures in the solid state with the squaraine dyes inside the channels. In the case of 4,a, all the nonsymmetrical macrocyclic molecules pointed in one direction, which suggests the formation of oriented tubular structures. Moreover, it was also found that the squaraines encapsulated in the triptycene-derived macrocycles were protected from chemical attack, and subsequently have potential applications in imaging probes and other biomedical areas. [source]

A method for fast and simple detection of major diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli in the routine diagnostic laboratory

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION, Issue 5 2007
S. Persson
Abstract A multiplex PCR was developed for the detection of the following genes characteristic of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC): verocytotoxins 1 (vtx1) and 2 (vtx2), characteristic of verocytotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC); intimin (eae), found in enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), attaching and effacing E. coli and VTEC; heat-stable enterotoxin (estA) and heat-labile enterotoxin (eltA), characteristic of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC); and invasive plasmid antigen (ipaH), characteristic of enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and Shigella spp. The method allowed the simultaneous identification of all six genes in one reaction, and included a 16S rDNA internal PCR control. When applied to pure cultures from a reference strain collection, all virulence genes in 124 different DEC strains and 15 Shigella spp. were identified correctly, and there were no cross-reactions with 13 non- E. coli species. The detection limit of the method was 102,103 DEC CFU/PCR in the presence of 106 non-target cells. When the multiplex PCR was tested with colonies from plate cultures of clinical stool samples, it was a faster, more sensitive, less expensive and less laborious diagnostic procedure than DNA hybridisation. When used with DNA purified from spiked stool samples (by two different commercial kits), the method had a detection limit of 106 CFU/mL stool sample. [source]