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Older African Americans (older + african_american)
Selected AbstractsUrinary Incontinence and Psychological Distress in Community-Dwelling Older African Americans and WhitesJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 11 2004Hillary R. Bogner MD Objectives: To compare the association between urinary incontinence (UI) and psychological distress in older African Americans and whites. Design: A population-based longitudinal survey. Setting: Continuing participants in a study of community-dwelling adults who were initially living in East Baltimore in 1981. Participants: African Americans and whites aged 50 and older at follow-up interviews performed between 1993 and 1996 for whom complete data were available (n=747). Measurements: Participants were classified as incontinent if any uncontrolled urine loss within the 12 months before the interview was reported. Psychological distress was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Results: African Americans with UI were more likely to experience psychological distress as measured using the GHQ than were African Americans without UI (unadjusted odds ratio=4.22, 95% confidence interval=1.72,10.39). In multivariate models that controlled for age, sex, education, functional status, cognitive status, and chronic medical conditions, this association remained statistically significant. The association between UI and psychological distress did not achieve statistical significance in whites. Conclusion: The effect of UI on emotional well-being may be greater for African Americans than for whites. [source] Assessing mild cognitive impairment among older African AmericansINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 7 2010Alyssa A. Gamaldo Abstract Objectives To examine the frequency of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in African American older adults. The study also plans to explore the specific cognitive domains of impairment as well as whether there are differences in demographics, health, and cognitive performance between MCI and normal participants. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Independent-living sample of urban dwelling elders in Baltimore, Maryland. Participants The sample consisted of 554 subjects ranging in age from 50 to 95 (Mean,=,68.79,±,9.60). Measurements Socio-demographics and health were assessed. Several cognitive measures were administered to assess inductive reasoning, declarative memory, perceptual speed, working memory, executive functioning, language and global cognitive functioning. Results Approximately 22% of participants were considered MCI (i.e. 18% non-amnestic vs. 4% amnestic). A majority of the non-amnestic MCI participants had impairment in one cognitive domain, particularly language and executive function. Individuals classified as non-amnestic MCI were significantly older and had more years of education than normal individuals. The MCI groups were not significantly different than cognitively normal individuals on health factors. Individuals classified as MCI performed significantly worse on global cognitive measures as well as across specific cognitive domains than cognitively normal individuals. Conclusion This study demonstrates that impairment in a non-memory domain may be an early indicator of cognitive impairment, particularly among African Americans. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Mortality Risk in Older Inner-City African AmericansJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 7 2007Theodore K. Malmstrom PhD OBJECTIVES: To investigate mortality risks in a sample of poor, inner-city-dwelling, older African Americans. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: St. Louis, Missouri. PARTICIPANTS: Six hundred twenty-two African Americans aged 68 to 102 at the time of their 1992 to 1994 baseline interviews. MEASUREMENTS: Risk factors previously identified in the literature were examined for seven categories: demographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, biomedical, disability and physical function, perceived health, and health services utilization. Vital status was ascertained through 2002. RESULTS: Three hundred eighty-six subjects (62.1%) were deceased and 236 were alive (mortality higher than in matched controls). Significant risks for mortality were older age, male sex, annual income less than $10,000, cancer, cerebrovascular disease, dependencies in lower-body function, and number of physician visits in the 12 months before baseline. CONCLUSION: In addition to improving the risk factors for stroke and malignant disease in this population, studies focused on improving lower-body functioning may be warranted as a part of efforts aimed at enhancing longevity in older African-American adults. [source] Urinary Incontinence and Psychological Distress in Community-Dwelling Older African Americans and WhitesJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 11 2004Hillary R. Bogner MD Objectives: To compare the association between urinary incontinence (UI) and psychological distress in older African Americans and whites. Design: A population-based longitudinal survey. Setting: Continuing participants in a study of community-dwelling adults who were initially living in East Baltimore in 1981. Participants: African Americans and whites aged 50 and older at follow-up interviews performed between 1993 and 1996 for whom complete data were available (n=747). Measurements: Participants were classified as incontinent if any uncontrolled urine loss within the 12 months before the interview was reported. Psychological distress was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Results: African Americans with UI were more likely to experience psychological distress as measured using the GHQ than were African Americans without UI (unadjusted odds ratio=4.22, 95% confidence interval=1.72,10.39). In multivariate models that controlled for age, sex, education, functional status, cognitive status, and chronic medical conditions, this association remained statistically significant. The association between UI and psychological distress did not achieve statistical significance in whites. Conclusion: The effect of UI on emotional well-being may be greater for African Americans than for whites. [source] Predictors of Nursing Home Placement in African Americans with DementiaJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 3 2004Joseph E. Gaugler PhD The objective of the present study was to identify predictors of institutionalization in African Americans who suffer from dementia. Data were derived from the Medicare Alzheimer's Disease Demonstration Evaluation (MADDE), which collected information on Alzheimer's patients and their family caregivers over a 3-year period. The baseline MADDE sample included 667 older African Americans suffering from dementia recruited from eight catchment areas in the United States. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to create a predictive model of institutionalization. Subsequent analyses found that care recipient age, sex, Medicaid eligibility, and cognitive impairment; site; and caregiving burden were significant predictors of time to placement. The results, among the first to examine predictors of nursing home placement of cognitively impaired African Americans, emphasize the clinical implications and complex interplay of race, dementia, and caregiving context in the institutionalization process. [source] | ||||||||||