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Old Problem (old + problem)
Selected AbstractsSails in the North,New Perspectives on an Old ProblemINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NAUTICAL ARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 2 2003Katrin Thier The origin of sail has been debated for a long time, but the linguistic evidence has rarely been taken into account. The word sail has a cognate in two Celtic languages, and a good linguistic chronology is available for these. The reconstructed historical development of Celtic and Germanic words indicates that the word existed in West Germanic well before the Anglo-Saxon migrations and the confinement of Celtic to the British Isles. An origin of both word and technology in the Celtic world is proposed, both being passed into the Germanic world in the Rhine region. [source] The Challenges of Chronic Total Coronary Occlusions: An Old Problem in a New PerspectiveJOURNAL OF INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY, Issue 4 2004DAVID E. KANDZARI M.D. In spite of the remarkable technological innovation and improved outcomes with percutaneous coronary revascularization, chronic coronary artery total occlusions remain a familiar source of procedural frustration and clinical uncertainty. However, considering the recent development of catheter-based technologies specific for chronic total occlusion (CTO) recanalization and the potential for drug-eluting stents to reduce restenosis and reocclusion, this challenging lesion subset is now recognized as the last formidable barrier to percutaneous revascularization success. Further, consistent observations from more recent clinical trials support successful CTO revascularization to avoid subsequent adverse cardiac events and improve long-term overall survival. This review of total coronary occlusions provides an overview of CTO pathophysiology, describes the procedural and clinical outcomes associated with CTO revascularization, and presents future directions for clinical investigation. [source] Pharmacokinetics of factor VIII and factor IXHAEMOPHILIA, Issue 2003M. Morfini Summary., A survey of principal pharmacokinetic (PK) studies on factor VIII (FVIII) and factor IX (FIX) plasma- and rDNA-derived concentrates, analysed by means of the PKRD program, has been performed. Notwithstanding the accurate definition of the study design, released in 1991 by the Scientific and Standardization Committee of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (SSC-ISTH), a large variability of PK parameters has been pointed out. In the majority of the PK studies, the size of the population is small. In this situation, a careful individualization of haemophilia therapy is strongly recommended. The tailored prediction of loading and maintenance dosages and the need for strict control of trough FVIII/IX levels are mandatory not only to decrease the risk of bleeds but also to spare financial resources. Recently, the old problem of FVIII assay standardization has again become a concern among physicians, especially after the introduction of B-domain deleted rFVIII concentrate. The discrepancies between the widely used one-stage clotting assay and the chromogenic substrate assay seem to be solved by the introduction of a product-specific laboratory standard. [source] Interdisciplinary team leadership: a revisionist approach for an old problem?JOURNAL OF NURSING MANAGEMENT, Issue 6 2003Antoinette McCallin BA, MA (Hons) Understanding of interdisciplinary teamwork is evolving. During health care restructuring, leaders across organizations have challenging responsibilities when work groups must integrate changing organizational values with new modes of service delivery. In this environment, a well-functioning interdisciplinary team in which clinicians work as member-leaders has the potential to further organizational change and foster improvements in patient outcomes. In this paper it is argued that the term interdisciplinary team leadership should be embraced cautiously as it may be a revisionist approach to an old problem, namely a means to modify existing theories of leadership that have been vague and continue to be poorly understood despite considerable effort to explicate knowledge over several decades. Preliminary research suggests that interdisciplinary team leadership is a model of shared leadership that requires more development if it is to become the cornerstone of interdisciplinary team practice in a radically reforming health sector. Stewardship is proposed as a potential philosophy for interdisciplinary team leadership, and a new, shared leadership role of practice leader is suggested. [source] Internal loading: A new solution to an old problem in aquatic sciencesLAKES & RESERVOIRS: RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2004Lars Håkanson Abstract Internal loading has long been regarded as an ,Achilles heel' in aquatic science and management. Internal loading is of fundamental importance in large and shallow lakes, where even low wind velocities can cause a considerable resuspension of matter deposited on the lake bed. The resuspended matter, and the chemical substances bound to the resuspended matter, will influence almost all processes in the aquatic ecosystem, such as water clarity and depth of the photic zone, and hence, primary and secondary production. If the sediments are contaminated, it will increase the concentrations of harmful substances in water and sediments and the potential ecosystem effects related to such concentrations. This paper presents an overview of the processes regulating bottom dynamic conditions in lakes (erosion, transport, accumulation), provides examples on the role of internal loading within the context of limnology and water management, and presents a new, general approach to quantify internal loading from sediments in lakes. The new approach has been critically tested, being a key factor behind the increase in predictive power of a new generation of lake models meant to be used for practical water management. Internal loading of any water pollutant depends on sedimentation. Sedimentation in this approach is presented as a function of two substance-specific variables, including the fall velocity of the carrier-particles and the particulate fraction (which, by definition, is the only fraction of a water pollutant that can settle out on the lake bed), and three generic variables, including mean depth, suspended particulate matter and ET-areas (areas of erosion and transport). On ET-areas there is, by definition, a discontinuous sedimentation of materials that settles according to Stokes' law. Basically, internal loading is the sum of advective (resuspension) and diffusive transport from the sediments. Resuspension from ET-areas is given as a function of the lake form (a new algorithm based on the volume development) and the age of ET-sediments. [source] A novel approach to an old problem: tracking dispersed seedsMOLECULAR ECOLOGY, Issue 11 2005DELPHINE GRIVET Abstract Animals are the principal vectors of dispersal for a large number of plant species. Unfortunately it is not easy to discern their movement patterns or the fate of their dispersed seeds. Many animals transport seeds by consuming them and then, some time later, defecating them. Others gather seeds and then store them for later consumption. Both circumstances lead to a set of seeds that have been dispersed in a clumped pattern, which offers a unique opportunity to assess seed movements. We introduce a novel approach that uses maternally inherited seed tissue to quantify the genetic structure of dispersed seed pools. This direct approach measures the genetic variability within and among seed pools, and estimates the scale of seed movement, without requiring a highly polymorphic battery of markers or the location and genotypes of all possible seed parents. We demonstrate this approach with the specific case of seed transport of valley oak (Quercus lobata) acorns by acorn woodpeckers (Melanerpes formicivorus). These territorial birds store acorns in drilled holes in the bark of trees, called granaries. We sampled stored acorns from different granaries, extracted DNA from the maternally inherited pericarp, and then assessed individuals for three microsatellite markers. We found extremely high genetic structure among granaries, a low number of effective seed donors per granary, and restricted seed movement. A maternity analysis performed on the same sample with seven microsatellites confirms acorn transport is limited to approximately 100-m radius. Our findings provide insight into the foraging and seed-dispersal behaviour of acorn woodpeckers, with an approach that can be widely extended to other systems. [source] Rubisco synthesis, turnover and degradation: some new thoughts on an old problemNEW PHYTOLOGIST, Issue 3 2006Bertrand Hirel First page of article [source] Concomitant repeated intravesical injections of botulinum toxin-type A and laparoscopic antegrade continence enema; a new solution for an old problemBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 9 2009AbdolMohammad Kajbafzadeh OBJECTIVE To report our experience of treating bladder and bowel dysfunction in children with myelomeningocele, with simultaneous laparoscopic antegrade continence enema (LACE) and repeated intravesical injection of botulinum toxin-type A (BTX-A). PATIENTS AND METHODS Six girls and 14 boys (mean age, 8.7 years) with myelomeningocele were included in this study. All patients had received one or two intravesical injection(s) of BTX-A, but had persistent fecal incontinence or constipation despite improved urinary symptoms. We performed a two-port laparoscopic appendicostomy, immediately after repeated intravesical injection of BTX-A, through a V-shaped skin flap at McBurney's point. The stoma was finally covered by a quadrilateral skin flap, using the ,VQ' technique. The degree of urinary incontinence and bowel dysfunction were determined in each patient, and conventional urodynamic studies were performed 4 months after each injection. RESULTS All patients were followed-up for a mean (range) of 19.1 (14,33) months. Urinary continence improved significantly after the first injection, and remained constant after repeat injections. The maximum detrusor pressure, bladder compliance and capacity improved significantly (P < 0.001) compared with baseline. Interestingly, the simultaneous intravesical BTX-A injection/LACE procedure significantly improved all urodynamic variables compared with the values obtained after the last BTX-A injection alone. The laparoscopic procedure was well tolerated, and 19 (95%) children were nappy-free at the final follow-up. Only two patients had stoma stenosis, and one patient had minor stoma leakage. CONCLUSION Concomitant repeat intravesical injection of BTX-A and LACE can effectively manage bladder and bowel dysfunction in children with myelomeningocele. The procedure may further contribute to improve bladder urodynamic function, as effective evacuation of the bowel provides more room for bladder distension. [source] New mechanisms, old problems?INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS, Issue 5 2004Recent books on universal jurisdiction, mixed tribunals This review article examines three recent books on two topics: universal jurisdiction and the mixed or hybrid tribunal. It reviews two volumes on universal jurisdiction that discuss the history of the concept and the rise in the exercise of universal jurisdiction, as well as some of the arguments for holding rights abusers responsible in venues far from the locus of the original crime and then turns to some of the possible pitfalls of such approaches. The article also examines some of the virtues, but also the shortcomings, of the hybrid tribunal and concludes that while these innovative tools have their uses, they cannot be viewed as a panacea, but rather as part of a continuing effort to prevent and respond to atrocities. [source] Experience, change and vulnerability: consumer education for older people revisitedINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSUMER STUDIES, Issue 3 2002Phil Lyon Abstract Everyday consumer transactions have the same potential for unexpected consequence whatever the age of the consumers involved. Young and old alike can find that products and services fail to live up to performance claims and that they are left with problems not easily resolved, or costs that are difficult to recover. While not overlooking consumer heterogeneity , especially on the basis of age , older consumers are arguably distinguishable in terms of the social and financial context in which they make decisions and attempt to redress problems. In 1988, attention was drawn to the need for consumer education to look beyond generic objectives to the specific situation of older people and their transactions. More than a decade later, in an allegedly consumer-oriented society, the issue is revisited here to assess the argument's current relevance. Despite the increased availability of information for decisions and consumer protection, difficulties persist in the way information is presented or accessed. Chameleon-like, old problems become manifest in new unfamiliar ways and invalidate experience. Consumer education today is as important as it was in 1988. Arguably, technological change means that the need for a better understanding of dangers, rights and redress procedures is greater than ever and the needs of older people in increasingly complex private and public sector transaction environments are all the more pressing. However, a fundamental revision of the way we approach the design of products, services and environments is needed to improve prospects for older consumers. [source] In search of a governance institution model for Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA) under Indonesia's new decentralisation policy: old problems, new challengesPUBLIC ADMINISTRATION & DEVELOPMENT, Issue 4 2008Tommy Firman Abstract This study explores a possible governance model for Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA) under Indonesia's new Decentralisation Policy. At present the management of JMA development is coordinated by Badan Koordinasi Pembangunan Jabodetabekjur (BKSP) ,Coordinating Board for JMA Development, but this agency is ineffective and powerless to perform its tasks because of lack of authority and power. The establishment of JMA governance model should take into account the existence of the BKSP which has been politically accepted by all provincial and local governments in the region. Involvement of central government in JMA governance is very important. A mixed model of urban governance is most suitable for the JMA. Thereunder the central government should have authority to plan and develop major physical infrastructure for the whole JMA, while the provincial and local governments retain their respective general administrative functions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Pathogenetic mechanisms, new drugs, and old problems in idiopathic recurrent pericarditis: Comment on the article by Picco et alARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM, Issue 8 2009Antonio Brucato MD No abstract is available for this article. [source] | ||||||||||||||||