Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Officinalis L. (officinali + l)
Selected AbstractsThe essential oil co-distillation by superheated vapour of organic solvents from aromatic plantsFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2001Josip Masteli Abstract A method of essential oil co-distillation by superheated vapour of solvents was developed and the apparatus was presented. As suitable solvents, pentane and ether (inert solvent with low boiling point) were used. The method was tested on sage, Salvia officinalis L., as an aromatic plant. The essential oil of this plant was also isolated by hydrodistillation as a standard method. The isolated volatiles obtained by two methods were analysed using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography,mass spectrometry (GC,MS). The obtained results were compared. This method of distillation enables safe isolation of monoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds, as well as hydrodistillation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Lipid and protein changes in chilled sea salmon (Pseudopercis semifasciata): effect of previous rosemary extract (Rossmarinus officinalis L.) applicationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 6 2009Valeria Tironi Summary The aim of this work was to analyse the effect of rosemary extract application (200 and 500 ppm) on lipid oxidation, colour and protein modifications during the chilled storage (1.0 ± 0.7 °C) of sea salmon (Pseudopercis semifasciata). Lipid oxidation and ,3-22:6 fatty acid content modification were prevented by the addition of rosemary extract. Analysis of interaction between lipid oxidation products and proteins by fluorescence showed no relationship between their temporal changes in the aqueous phase and the lipid oxidation evolution since a similar behaviour was observed in both absence and presence of antioxidant. Protein extractability, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, differential scanning calorimetry and lysine content determinations revealed no differences between muscle untreated or treated with rosemary. Fluorescent compounds evolution in organic phase would be in relation with the appearance of lipid oxidation products. In addition, rosemary extract partially prevented the loss of red colour in chilled muscle. Although protein alterations could not be prevented, rosemary extract shows to be a promissory antioxidant in sea salmon muscle. [source] BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BORAGE (BORAGO OFFICINALIS L.) SEEDSJOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue 3 2009BAYA MHAMDI ABSTRACT Gas chromatography,mass spectrometry analysis of seed Borago officinalis essential oil (EO) revealed the presence of 16 volatile components. ,-Caryophyllene (26%) and p-cymene-8-ol (19.7%) represented the major components, while nonadecane (0.7%) and hexanol (0.7%) were the minor ones. The EO composition was characterized by higher abundance of oxygenated monoterpenes (27.7%), followed by sesquiterpenes (26%). Fatty acid composition showed the predominance of linoleic (35.4%), oleic (24.2%) and ,-linolenic (20.4%) acids. Polyphenols were analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography after acid hydrolysis of phenolic acid esters. Six phenolic acids were identified in seed extract and rosmarinic acid was the predominant one with 1.65 mg/g dry matter weight equivalent to 33% of total phenolic acids. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Borage (Borago officinalis L.) is of great interest because of its medicinal and nutritional properties. In fact, thanks to its characteristic composition in fatty acids, particularly high levels of gamma-linolenic acid in its seed oil, borage has gained importance. The potent consumers of this medicinal plant are hypertensive and hypercholesterolemic people. Borage consumption is also recommended for people suffering from rheumatism and eczema. Unfortunately, the knowledge about antioxidative/antiradical properties of borage is very scanty. So, recently, an extensive investigation was focused on the antioxidant properties of borage extracts. These extracts showed excellent antioxidant properties and their effects were attributed to their phenolic constituents. These antioxidants can be concentrated, either as crude extracts or individual phenolic compounds, to be used in highly unsaturated oils such as marine oils. Furthermore, borage consumption has been reported as a possible gastric cancer protective factor. [source] BIODIVERSITY OF CORALLINE ALGAE IN THE NORTHEASTERN ATLANTIC INCLUDING CORALLINA CAESPITOSA SP.JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY, Issue 1 2009NOV. (CORALLINOIDEAE, RHODOPHYTA) The Corallinoideae (Corallinaceae) is represented in the northeastern Atlantic by Corallina officinalis L.; Corallina elongata J. Ellis et Sol.; Haliptilon squamatum (L.) H. W. Johans., L. M. Irvine et A. M. Webster; and Jania rubens (L.) J. V. Lamour. The delimitation of these geniculate coralline red algae is based primarily on morphological characters. Molecular analysis based on cox1 and 18S rRNA gene phylogenies supported the division of the Corallinoideae into the tribes Janieae and Corallineae. Within the Janieae, a sequence difference of 46,48 bp (8.6%,8.9%) between specimens of H. squamatum and J. rubens in the cox1 phylogeny leads us to conclude that they are congeneric. J. rubens var. rubens and J. rubens var. corniculata (L.) Yendo clustered together in both phylogenies, suggesting that for those genes, there was no genetic basis for the morphological variation. Within the Corallineae, it appears that in some regions, the name C. elongata has been misapplied. C. officinalis samples formed two clusters that differed by 45,54 bp (8.4%,10.0%), indicating species-level divergence, and morphological differences were sufficient to define two species. One of these clusters was consistent with the morphology of the type specimen of C. officinalis (LINN 1293.9). The other species cluster is therefore described here as Corallina caespitosa sp. nov. This study has demonstrated that there is a clear need for a revision of the genus Corallina to determine the extent of "pseudocryptic" diversity in this group of red algae. [source] SPME , A valuable tool for investigation of flower scentJOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, JSS, Issue 8 2003Petr Barták Abstract A novel Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) protocol is proposed for the analysis of floral scent. Volatile compounds emitted from the flower are collected on a Carboxen/PDMS fiber for 1 hour, transferred to the GC, and analyzed by GC/MS. The method completely eliminates the use of organic solvents, does not require special instrumentation, and may readily be performed in the field without access to mains electricity and other energy supplies. The method is robust, sensitive, and reduces the sampling stress on the investigated plant. Since enzymatic reactions in living flowers may cause changes in the composition of emitted fragrance, dried rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) was used as a stable standard for the method development and optimization. In addition, grape wine was also suggested as homogeneous, bio-compatible, and relatively stable standard of pronounced and typical scent for the same purpose. The optimized method was used for the comparative investigation of the fragrances emitted by two different species , Lathyrus vernus (L.) and Orchis pallens (L.). Several monoterpenes (C10 compounds) were found as the main fragrance components of lathyrus, while sesquiterpenes (C15 compounds) were typical for the orchid. [source] Distribution of fatty acids in edible organs and seed fractions of borage (Borago officinalis L.)JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 2 2008Mercedes del Río-Celestino Abstract BACKGROUND: Borage (Borago officinalis L.) is currently used as a vegetable in the north of Spain. The edible parts of the plant are the petioles, leaves and stems. The objective of this study was to determine the oil and fatty acids content in the edible tissues (leaves, petioles and stems) and seed fractions (endosperm + cotyledon, seed coat and elaiosome) of white- and blue-flowered borage accessions. RESULTS: Leaves showed higher mean values of oil content (2.7%) than petioles and stems (1.1% and 1.4%, respectively) in both, blue- and white-flowered material. The most abundant fatty acids in leaves were palmitic, linoleic, ,-linolenic and stearidonic acids (about 75% of the total fatty acids), while in petioles and stems myristic and linoleic acids were most abundant (about 60% of the total fatty acids). Palmitic, oleic, linoleic and ,-linolenic (GLA) acids were the major fatty acids of seed coat and endosperm + cotyledon in borage seeds (85% of the total fatty acids), while palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids were the most abundant fatty acids of elaisome in borage seeds (80% of the total fatty acids). CONCLUSION: This paper shows that green parts of borage contain substantial amounts of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, which are essential fatty acids for animal and human nutrition. Thus, borage could be a ,power food' of the future because of its content of unsaturated fatty acids, particularly the essential fatty acids, which have great potential to prevent cardiovascular disease, cancer and infectious diseases. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Interactions of Valeriana officinalis L. and Passiflora incarnata L. in a patient treated with lorazepamPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 12 2009María Consuelo Carrasco Abstract There is an increasing interest in the health risks related to the use of herbal remedies. Although most consumers think that phytomedicines are safe and without side effects, interactions between complementary alternative and conventional medicines are being described. The aim of this clinical case report is to highlight the importance of the safe use of herbal remedies by providing a clinical interaction study between pharmaceutical medicines and herbal medicinal products. The case of a patient self-medicated with Valeriana officinalis L. and Passiflora incarnata L. while he was on lorazepam treatment is described. Handshaking, dizziness, throbbing and muscular fatigue were reported within the 32 h before clinical diagnosis. The analysis of family medical history ruled out essential tremor, Parkinson's disease, Wilson's disease and other symptom-related pathologies. His medical history revealed a generalized anxiety disorder and medicinal plant consumption but no neurological disorder. Appropriate physical examination was carried out. An additive or synergistic effect is suspected to have produced these symptoms. The active principles of Valerian and passionflower might increase the inhibitory activity of benzodiazepines binding to the GABA receptors, causing severe secondary effects. Due to the increase in herbal product self-medication, the use of herbal remedies should be registered while taking the personal clinical history. Multidisciplinary teams should be created to raise studies on medicinal plants with impact on medical praxis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Bioassay-guided fractionation of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) using an in vitro measure of GABA transaminase activityPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 8 2009Rosalie Awad Abstract A novel pharmacological mechanism of action for the anxiolytic botanical Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm) is reported. The methanol extract was identified as a potent in vitro inhibitor of rat brain GABA transaminase (GABA-T), an enzyme target in the therapy of anxiety, epilepsy and related neurological disorders. Bioassay-guided fractionation led to the identification and isolation of rosmarinic acid (RA) and the triterpenoids, ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA) as active principles. Phytochemical characterization of the crude extract determined RA as the major compound responsible for activity (40% inhibition at 100 µg/mL) since it represented approximately 1.5% of the dry mass of the leaves. Synergistic effects may also play a role. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Antimicrobial activity of clove and rosemary essential oils alone and in combinationPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 10 2007YuJie Fu Abstract In the present study, the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. et Perry) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) was tested alone and in combination. The compositions of the oils were analysed by GC/MS. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against three Gram-positive bacteria, three Gram-negative bacteria and two fungi were determined for the essential oils and their mixtures. Furthermore, time-kill dynamic processes of clove and rosemary essential oils against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans were tested. Both essential oils possessed significant antimicrobial effects against all microorganisms tested. The MICs of clove oil ranged from 0.062% to 0.500% (v/v), while the MICs of rosemary oil ranged from 0.125% to 1.000% (v/v). The antimicrobial activity of combinations of the two essential oils indicated their additive, synergistic or antagonistic effects against individual microorganism tests. The time-kill curves of clove and rosemary essential oils towards three strains showed clearly bactericidal and fungicidal processes of 1/2 × MIC, MIC, MBC and 2 × MIC. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Seasonal variation of the lipoidal matters and hypolipidaemic activity of the red alga Corallina officinalis L.PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 1 2003N. E. Awad Abstract The lipoidal matters of Corallina officinalis L. showed a seasonal nonsignificant quantitative variation. However, the fatty acids revealed a relative increase in the summer and winter, while unsaponifiable matter exhibited a slight increase in the spring. The GC/MS analysis of saponifiable and unsaponifiable matter of the algal samples collected in different seasons revealed that samples collected in the spring contained a low cholesterol content and high steroidal compounds as well as high polyunsaturated fatty acids. The alcohol extract, hexane extract and fatty acid fraction of this algal sample exhibited a significant hypolipidaemic activity. Also, two biologically active fractions of hydrocarbons were isolated by CC technique from the hexane fraction of C. officinalis L. and identified by GC/MS. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Lipid characterization of both wild and cultured eggs of cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis L.) throughout the embryonic developmentAQUACULTURE NUTRITION, Issue 1 2009A.V. SYKES Abstract The present work reports a characterization of mean wet weight and moisture, the lipid class and fatty acid (FA) composition from the total lipids (TL), of both culture and wild eggs of the cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, throughout the embryonic development. Additionally, reproductive data, such as the number of spawnings, number and mean weight of eggs and duration of spawning period of cultured cuttlefish is provided. Both types of eggs were similar in mean wet weight, moisture content, TL content and lipid composition throughout embryonic development. Females from the cultured group spawned 13 times and laid 8654 eggs in 64 days, with a mean weight of 0.607 ± 0.179 g. A sex ratio of 1.57 (11, for 7,) promoted an individual fecundity of 787 eggs/, (the biggest until now on our culture facilities), which might be related to increased bottom areas. The TL increased with day/stage of embryonic development (P < 0.05) only in the cultured egg group. However, no differences were found on TL between culture and wild eggs at the same day/stage (P > 0.05). Eggs displayed predominant levels of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), cholesterol and triacylglycerol at the end of embryonic development. Polar and neutral lipids of both eggs groups remained consistently proportional (,50% for each lipid fraction) and a significant increase (P < 0.05) was observed in phosphatidylserine, PE and free FA throughout the embryonic development. In either egg type and day, 16:0, 18:0, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 accounted for approximately 70 g Kg,1 of all FA and saturated and n-3 totals seemed to have the same proportion in the cuttlefish eggs. The present results suggest that lipids are not used as energetic substrate but as structural components in cuttlefish egg. [source] | ||||||||||