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Official Reports (official + report)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%
Humanities and Social Sciences	25%

Selected Abstracts

Childhood Maltreatment and Antisocial Behavior: Comparison of Self-Reported and Substantiated Maltreatment

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY, Issue 2 2008
Carolyn A. Smith PhD
Although accurate assessment of maltreatment is critical to understanding and interrupting its impact on the life course, comparison of different measurement approaches is rare. The goal of this study is to compare maltreatment reports from official Child Protective Services (CPS) records with retrospectively self-reported measures. Research questions address the prevalence and concordance of each type of measure, their relationship to social disadvantage, and their prediction to four antisocial outcomes in adolescence and early adulthood including arrest, self-reported violence, general offending, and illegal drug use. Data to address this comparison come from the Rochester Youth Development Study (RYDS), a longitudinal panel study of 1,000 adolescents. Findings indicate that self-reported retrospective maltreatment is somewhat more prevalent (29%) than official substantiated maltreatment (21%). Among those with official reports, in young adulthood about half self-reported maltreatment, whereas 37% of those self-reporting have an official report. In general, both sources suggest that maltreatment is associated with a higher prevalence of antisocial behavior. It is not clear that combining sources of information improves prediction. [source]

Medical Ethics at Guantanamo Bay and Abu Ghraib: The Problem of Dual Loyalty

THE JOURNAL OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS, Issue 3 2006
Peter A. Clark S.J., Ph.D.
Although knowledge of torture and physical and psychological abuse was widespread at both the Guantanamo Bay detention facility and Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq, and known to medical personnel, there was no official report before the January 2004 Army investigation of military health personnel reporting abuse, degradation or signs of torture. Military medical personnel are placed in a position of a "dual loyalty" conflict. They have to balance the medical needs of their patients, who happen to be detainees, with their military duty to their employer. The United States military medical system failed to protect detainee's human rights, violated the basic principles of medical ethics and ignored the basic tenets of medical professionalism. [source]

Environmental and economic development issues in the Polish motorway programme: a review and an analysis of the public debate

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND GOVERNANCE, Issue 2 2002
E. J. Judge
This paper examines the development of the Polish motorway programme, though the lessons apply generally throughout the central and east European (CEE) region. This has particular significance for European transport policy as three major corridors of the Polish motorway network also form crucial links of the Trans European Network (TEN). Thus, until recently, motorways have been presented on the one hand (by the Polish government and its supporters) as a boost to national and regional development, and on the other (by its detractors, principally the environmental lobby) as a threat that will suck development out of the country, while saddling it with substantial environmental costs. Environmental pressure groups have sought to refute economic development arguments using Western research, and have seen such research as influential in public debate and decision making. Based on evidence drawn from official reports and documents and a content analysis of the public debate on motorway development using the media archive of the Polish Motorways Agency, this paper suggests that these arguments have so far in fact been overshadowed by environmental considerations, and even more by financing issues. However, the future direction of policy is uncertain because of political changes after the September 2001 election. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [source]

Contamination: Nursing Diagnoses with Outcome and Intervention Linkages

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING TERMINOLOGIES AND CLASSIFICATION, Issue 2 2007
Laura V. Polk DNSc
PURPOSE.,To relate the collaborative processes involved in the evolution of environmental nursing diagnoses and the linkages between two new nursing diagnoses and their associated interventions and outcomes; to describe the environmental health implications of contamination. DATA SOURCES.,Published research articles, official reports, textbooks, and collaborative discussion with experts in community and global health. DATA SYNTHESIS.,Reflection following review of the literature and collaboration with experts led to the development of a new schema for environmental diagnoses and development of two new diagnoses, allowing for greater clarity and distinction between the contamination diagnoses and risk for poisoning diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS.,An environmental nursing diagnosis schema, with its emphasis on contamination, infection, and violence, provides nurses with a holistic framework for making judgments about environmental influences related to individual, family, community, and global health. The diagnoses of Contamination and Risk for Contamination provide necessary language to describe human responses and risk states that may arise following exposure to environmental contaminants. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.,Development of environmental diagnostic labels and delineation of the linkages to nursing outcomes and interventions will allow nurses to take active roles in identifying environmental components that affect health and planning care that responds to environmental health needs. Greater clarity in the use of language will allow nurses to incorporate environmental concepts appropriately in nursing assessments and improve the accuracy of the diagnostic process and selection of distinct interventions and outcomes. This will result in better outcomes for patients and communities and permit greater accountability of nursing's contribution to environmental health. [source]

Real world application of an intervention to reduce absconding

JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC & MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, Issue 5 2005
L. BOWERS rmn phd
Absconding by acute psychiatric inpatients is associated with risk of harm to self and others, and creates considerable emotional as well as tangible burdens for staff. Previous research has led to the development of an effective nursing intervention to reduce absconding. In this project, that intervention was encapsulated in a self-training package, and offered freely to wards across the UK who agreed to implement it and audit the results. Fifteen wards completed this distributed audit, and achieved overall a 25.5% decrease in their absconding rates, as measured by official reports. The results support the efficacy of the intervention, and indicate that significant reductions can be made in absconding rates from unlocked or partially locked acute psychiatric wards. [source]

Planting the Nation's ,Waste Lands': Walter Scott, Forestry and the Cultivation of Scotland's Wilderness

LITERATURE COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 3 2009
Susan Oliver
In October 1827 the Quarterly Review included a review of the second edition of Robert Monteath's The Planter's Guide and Profitable Planter. The review was published anonymously according to custom, but the author was Sir Walter Scott. A keen amateur plantsman who would later be involved in producing official reports on tree husbandry in Scotland, Scott's interest in ecology, forestry and the cultural value of landscape was of long standing. He had spent a small fortune on trees for his Abbotsford estate, and the cost had contributed to his insolvency in 1826. The present article looks at Scott's review as a work of Romantic ecocriticism concerned with the relationships between nationhood, economics and natural sustainability. Definitions of ,waste land' are considered, and the use of literary references to emphasize the need for sustainable planting is explored along with debates over imported Canadian species of pine. The cultural exchange of trees for people is shown to raise interesting questions, as is the advent of the railways that Scott ignores in his essay despite his interest in that new form of transport. [source]

Childhood Maltreatment and Antisocial Behavior: Comparison of Self-Reported and Substantiated Maltreatment

Administrative Failure and the International NGO Response to Hurricane Katrina

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW, Issue 2007
Angela M. Eikenberry
The devastation caused by Hurricane Katrina and the subsequent failure of government agencies and public administrators elicited an unprecedented response by international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) to a disaster in the United States. This paper focuses on why so many INGOs were compelled to provide humanitarian assistance and relief in the United States for the first time and the administrative barriers they faced while doing so. What does such a response reveal about administrative failures in the wake of Katrina, and what might the implications be for reconceptualizing roles for nonprofit and nongovernmental organizations in disaster relief? The authors answer these questions using data from interviews with INGO representatives, organizational press releases and Web sites, news articles, and official reports and documentation. [source]