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Of Science (of + science)
Kinds of Of Science Selected AbstractsPostgraduate Diploma/Master of Science in Wound Healing and Tissue RepairINTERNATIONAL WOUND JOURNAL, Issue 1 2004PGCE, Vanessa Jones RGN [source] Interior Design at a Crossroads: Embracing Specificity through Process, Research, and Knowledge,JOURNAL OF INTERIOR DESIGN, Issue 3 2008Tiiu Poldma Ph.D. Tiiu Poldma is Vice Dean of Graduate Studies and Research in the Faculty of Environmental Design, and associate professor at the School of Industrial Design at the University of Montreal. Tiiu Poldma received a BID at Ryerson in 1982 (Toronto), MA in Culture and Values in Education in 1999 and Doctor of Philosophy in 2003, both from McGill University in Montreal, Canada. She teaches interior design studio and theory within the Bachelor of Interior Design program at the University of Montreal, and advanced research methodologies in the Masters of Science and Ph.D. programs at the Faculty of Environmental Design. She is currently the Director of the Research Group GRID(Group for Research in Illumination and Design) and heads up the Colour, Light and Form Lab (Laboratoire Forme*couleur*lumiere) at the faculty. She accredits design programs as a site evaluator for CIDAboth in Canada and the United States, and is also a member of the Editorial Board of Inderscience where she is the Regional Editor of the Journal of Design Research (JDR), and serves on the Editorial Board of Design/Science/Planning (Techne Press, Amsterdam). [source] Eye-rollers, risk-takers, and turn sharks: Target students in a professional science education programJOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SCIENCE TEACHING, Issue 8 2006Sonya N. Martin In classrooms from kindergarten to graduate school, researchers have identified target students as students who monopolize material and human resources. Classroom structures that privilege the voice and actions of target students can cause divisive social dynamics that may generate cliques. This study focuses on the emergence of target students, the formation of cliques, and professors' efforts to mediate teacher learning in a Master of Science in Chemistry Education (MSCE) program by structuring the classroom environment to enhance nontarget students' agency. Specifically, we sought to answer the following question: What strategies could help college science professors enact more equitable teaching structures in their classrooms so that target students and cliques become less of an issue in classroom interactions? The implications for professional education programs in science and mathematics include the need for professors to consider the role and contribution of target students to the learning environment, the need to structure an equitable learning environment, and the need to foster critical reflection upon classroom interactions between students and instructors. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 43: 819,851, 2006 [source] BODILY AND PICTORIAL SURFACES: SKIN IN FRENCH ART AND MEDICINE, 1790,1860ART HISTORY, Issue 3 2005Mechthild Fend This essay argues for the shared quality of skin and painting as signifying surfaces. When representing the surface of the body the artist engages with questions about the borders of the body and relations between the interior and the exterior. Portraits by Jacques-Louis David and Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres are considered in relation to several discursive fields: medical definitions of skin from the Enlightenment, nineteenth-century artistic anatomy and art theory. While David's rendering of skin is understood in terms of Xavier Bichat's definition of skin as a ,limite sensitive', the hermetically sealed and opaque skin of Ingres's figures negates contemporary notions of skin as a communicative membrane. Scientific knowledge notwithstanding, these very different approaches to the representation of skin may be seen as reflecting upon different ways to produce meaning as well as different conceptions of the body. Mechthild Fend is a research scholar at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin, where she is working on a project on the history and representation of skin in late eighteenth- and nineteenth-century France. Her recent books deal with the representation of masculinity: Männlichkeit im Blick. Visuelle Inszenierungen in der Kunst seit der Frühen Neuzeit (co-edited with Marianne Koos, Cologne, 2004), and Grenzen der Männlichkeit. Der Androgyn in der französischen Kunst und Kunsttheorie Zwischen Aufkl.arung und Restauration (Berlin, 2003). [source] Journals under Threat: A Joint Response from History of Science, Technology and Medicine EditorsBERICHTE ZUR WISSENSCHAFTSGESCHICHTE, Issue 1 2009Article first published online: 10 MAR 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] The Clusius Project: Carolus Clusius and Sixteenth-century Botany in the Context of the new Cultural History of ScienceBERICHTE ZUR WISSENSCHAFTSGESCHICHTE, Issue 1 2007Florike Egmond No abstract is available for this article. [source] Deutsches Nationalkomitee in der International Union of the History and Philosophy of Science (IUHPS), Division of History of Science (DHS)BERICHTE ZUR WISSENSCHAFTSGESCHICHTE, Issue 1 2007Bettina Wahrig No abstract is available for this article. [source] Denguefieber: "Aktive Vorbeugung hilft gegen die Angst"BIOLOGIE IN UNSERER ZEIT (BIUZ), Issue 3 2010Article first published online: 22 JUN 2010 Ruby Castrence-Gonzales, Mindanao State University Naawan, Philippines, Master of Science (Marine Biology), Radio Program Coordinator, in einem Interview mit unserer Mitarbeiterin Inge Kronberg zur Situation des Denguefiebers und seiner Bekämpfung auf den Philippinen. [source] 4th International Conference of the European Society for the History of Science, Barcelona, 18,20 November 2010 The circulation of science and technologyCENTAURUS, Issue 2 2010Article first published online: 23 APR 2010 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Fashioned Forest Pasts, Occluded Histories?DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE, Issue 1 2000International Environmental Analysis in West African Locales This article considers how environmental problematics are produced and interpreted, using case material from West Africa's humid forest zone. Examing the experiences of several countries over the long term, it is possible to identify a deforestation discourse produced through national and international institutions. This represents forest and social history in particular ways that structure forest conservation but which obscure the experience and knowledge of resource users. Using fine-grained ethnography to explore how such discourse is experienced and interpreted in a particular locale, the article uncovers problems with ,discourse' perspectives which produce analytical dichotomies which confront state and villager, and scientific and ,local' knowledges. The authors explore the day-to-day encounters between villagers and administrators, and the social and historical experiences which condition these. Instances where the deforestation discourse becomes juxtaposed with villagers' alternative ideas about landscape history prove relatively few and insignificant, while the powerful material effects of the discourse tend to be interpreted locally within other frames. These findings present departures from the ways relations between citizen sciences and expert institutions have been conceived in recent work on the sociology of science and public policy. [source] Genetic analysis of early neurogenesis: Dedicated to the scientific contributions of Jose A. Campos-Ortega (1940,2004),DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS, Issue 7 2006Volker Hartenstein Abstract Jose Campos-Ortega stands out as one of the pioneers of developmental-genetic studies of early neurogenesis. He also liked to reflect about the history of science: how one discovery leads to the next, and what role individuals play in the progress of science. He had indeed started to work on a book describing the history of developmental genetics during the last year of his life. His goal in this book was to "explain how developmental genetics originated, how it transformed developmental biology and, while doing so, how it contributed to achieve the biological synthesis." In the following, I would like to reflect on the origin and growth of the field Campos-Ortega contributed so much. In doing so, it is of particular interest to consider his scientific roots, and the manner in which he entered the stage of developmental genetics. I believe that Campos-Ortega's unusual scientific background influenced in an important manner the way in which he shaped the study of early neurogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 235:2003,2008, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Science, systems and geomorphologies: why LESS may be moreEARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS, Issue 9 2008Keith Richards Abstract This paper has been stimulated by a debate triggered by the then British Geomorphological Research Group (now the British Society for Geomorphology) about the connections between geomorphology and Earth system science (ESS). Its purpose is to expand on some arguments we have already made about these connections, amongst other things drawing attention to neglected historical antecedents, and to the questionable status of the science implied by ESS. A premise of this further paper is that such a debate cannot be assumed to mirror conventional assessments of the content of a science, since it is about scientific institutional structures, names, boundaries and relationships. This implies that the terms of reference go well beyond critical scientific appraisal, extending to matters of evaluating a social organization, and to politics, policies, purposes and practices. We therefore begin by considering the sociology of science, scientific knowledge and technology, before moving to a consideration of the historical relationship amongst geomorphology, geology and physical geography; and to some perspectives this might offer for the current debate. Epistemological issues, arising both from the use of systems theory over multiple spatial and temporal scales, and from the demands of contemporary environmental science, are then introduced, and these lead to a conclusion that geomorphology might more appropriately be assessed against (or seen as part of) a more locally orientated ESS, which we term LESS. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The Contribution of Salvador Moncada to Our Understanding of the Biology of Nitric OxideIUBMB LIFE, Issue 10-11 2003Emilio Clementi Abstract The observation, by Furchgott and Zawadzki, that a factor of short average life, released by endothelial cells accounted for vasodilation was the beginning of one of the most fascinating adventures in the recent history of science. The discovery that this released factor was nitric oxide had tremendous implications for our understanding not only of the homeostasis of the vascular tissue, but also of a variety of other biological processes ranging from synaptic plasticity to regulation of immune responses. This review article will lead the reader through the landmark events in this adventure, highlighting the fundamental role played by Salvador Moncada and his team. IUBMB Life, 55: 563-565, 2003 [source] History of science , sporesJOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 3 2006Lewis B Perry Memorial Lecture 200 Abstract Bacterial endospores were first studied 130 years ago by Cohn in 1876 and independently by Koch in the same year. Although spore dormancy and resistance have been much studied since then, questions still remain concerning the basic mechanisms and the kinetics of heat inactivation in particular. Likewise, the extreme dormancy and longevity of spores was recognized early on and later greatly extended but still evade complete understanding. Evidence has accumulated for the involvement of specific spore components such as calcium, dipicolinic acid, small acid soluble proteins in the core and peptidoglycan in the cortex. Involvement of physical factors too, such as the relative dehydration of the core, maybe in a high-viscosity state or even in a glassy state, has added to appreciation of the multicomponent nature of dormancy and resistance. Spore-former morphology formed the basis for early classification systems of sporeformers from about 1880 and consolidated in the mid-1900s, well prior to the use of modern genetic procedures. With respect to sporulation, groundbreaking sequence studies in the 1950s provided the basis for later elucidation of the genetic control widely relevant to many cell differentiation mechanisms. With respect to the breaking of dormancy (activation and germination), the elucidation of mechanisms began in the 1940s following the observations of Hills at Porton who identified specific amino acid and riboside ,germinants', and laid the basis for the later genetic analyses, the identification of germinant receptor genes and the elucidation of key germination reactions. The nonexponential nature of germination kinetics has thwarted the development of practical Tyndallization-like processing. So inactivation by heat remains the premier method of spore control, the basis of a huge worldwide industry, and still relying on the basic kinetics of inactivation of Clostridium botulinum spores, and the reasoning regarding safety first evolved by Bigelow et al. in 1920 and Esty and Meyer in 1922. ,Newer' processes such as treatment with ionizing radiation (first proposed in 1905) and high hydrostatic pressure (first proposed in 1899) may be introduced if consumer resistance and some remaining technical barriers could be overcome. [source] The allocation of prestigious positions in organizational science: accumulative advantage, sponsored mobility, and contest mobilityJOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR, Issue 5 2005C. Chet Miller More than 200 freshly minted doctoral graduates enter the field of organization science every year. A non-trivial number of existing faculty members move from one university to another every year, while other organization science faculty leave academia to enter retirement, consulting, or industry. Despite the importance of this large, complex system of entries and exits, few attempts have been made to explicitly understand how the system works. Drawing upon sociology of science and careers research, we studied the underlying form of the position allocation system by focusing on the relative importance of research success and prior affiliations as antecedents of movement and stability across positions. We used three theoretical models: accumulative advantage, sponsored mobility, and contest mobility. Tracking hundreds of faculty members for 16 years post doctorate, we find a downward cascading of affiliation prestige over time that affects people more dramatically and quickly than we expected, especially women. Accumulative advantage, the most predictive of our models, does help to maintain relative but not absolute prestige, at least until its effects wane in later years of the career. These findings are relevant to scholars interested in the sociology of science, organization scholars interested in the underlying dynamics of their discipline, and individuals making career choices. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Government and Science: A Troubled, Critical Relationship and What Can Be Done about ItPUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW, Issue 1 2008W. Henry Lambright The U.S. government,science relationship, which helped win World War II, put a man on the moon, unravel the human genome, and nurture economic growth, is troubled. Money is one reason. However, far more than funding, the tensions between government and science are about politics and policy management. Many scientists and their allies argue that the Bush administration has crossed the line separating appropriate control of information from political interference. That is, there has been a "politicization of science." This essay examines the current debate about politicization in historical context; discusses the tensions among scientists, politicians, and administrators; and suggests possible ways to strengthen the government,science partnership in the future. [source] Understanding clinical expertise: Nurse education, experience, and the hospital context,RESEARCH IN NURSING & HEALTH, Issue 4 2010Matthew D. McHugh Abstract Clinical nursing expertise is central to quality patient care. Research on factors that contribute to expertise has focused largely on individual nurse characteristics to the exclusion of contextual factors. To address this, we examined effects of hospital contextual factors and individual nurse education and experience on clinical nursing expertise in a cross-sectional analysis of data from 8,611 registered nurses. In a generalized ordered logistic regression analysis, the composition of the hospital staff, particularly the proportion of nurses with at least a bachelor of science in nursing degree, was associated with significantly greater odds of a nurse reporting a more advanced expertise level. Our findings suggest that, controlling for individual characteristics, the hospital context significantly influences clinical nursing expertise. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 33:276,287, 2010 [source] An Economic Ethics for the AnthropoceneANTIPODE, Issue 2010J. K. Gibson Graham Abstract:, Over,Antipode's,40 years our role as academics has dramatically changed. We have been pushed to adopt the stance of experimental researchers open to what can be learned from current events and to recognize our role in bringing new realities into being. Faced with the daunting prospect of global warming and the apparent stalemate in the formal political sphere, this essay explores how human beings are transformed by, and transformative of, the world in which we find ourselves. We place the hybrid research collective at the center of transformative change. Drawing on the sociology of science we frame research as a process of learning involving a collective of human and more-than-human actants,a process of co-transformation that re/constitutes the world. From this vision of how things change, the essay begins to develop an "economic ethics for the Anthropocene", documenting ethical practices of economy that involve the being-in-common of humans and the more-than-human world. We hope to stimulate academic interest in expanding and multiplying hybrid research collectives that participate in changing worlds. [source] Über Georges Canguilhems Was heißt eine wissenschaftliche Ideologie? und über deutsch-französische Beiträge zum Thema Wissenschaft und Ideologie aus den letzten vierzig JahrenBERICHTE ZUR WISSENSCHAFTSGESCHICHTE, Issue 2 2010Claude Debru Ideologie; Normativität; Wissenschaft; Wissenschaftsideologie Abstract On Georges Canguilhem's What does a Scientific Ideology mean? and on French-German Contributions on Science and Ideology in the Last Fourty Years. This paper is based on Canguilhem's text on the concept of scientific ideology, which he introduced in 1969. We describe Canguilhem's attempts at designing a methodological framework for the history of science including the status of kinds of knowledge related to science, like scientific ideologies preceding particular scientific domains (like ideologies about inheritance before Mendel, or Spencer's universal evolutionary laws preceding Darwin). This attempt at picturing the relationships between science and ideology is compared with Jürgen Habermas's book Technology and Science as ,Ideology' in 1968. The philosphical issue of human normativity provides the framework of this discussion. [source] Naturwissenschafts-, Technik- und Medizingeschichte in Deutschland, 1997,2004.BERICHTE ZUR WISSENSCHAFTSGESCHICHTE, Issue 1 2005Literaturbericht über die Forschung an den Institutionen. Diese Bibliographie der naturwissenschafts-, technik- und medizingeschichtlichen Forschungsliteratur für die Erscheinungsjahre 1997 bis 2004 setzt die vorangegangenen Übersichten fort. Sie beinhaltet die seit 1997 erschienene Literatur und beruht wiederum auf der Nennung durch die Institutionen selbst, allerdings auf Wunsch des Deutschen Nationalkomitees der IUHPS/DHS beschränkt auf zehn Angaben pro Wissenschaftler(in). Einige Einrichtungen haben zudem auf ihre jeweilige Homepage verwiesen. Auch die persönlichen Homepages der einzelnen Forscher(innen) sind für weitere Literatur-Angaben heranzuziehen. Die Reihenfolge der Autor(inn)en ist am Alphabet der Namen orientiert und nicht mehr an dem der Institutionen. Die Kodierung hinter dem Namen ordnet die Institution zu. Ein systematischer Überblick findet sich im Anschluß an diesen Hinweis. Länger als vorgesehen dauert der Aufbau einer elektronischen Datenbank für die hier angesprochenen Wissenschaftsfelder. Hierin liegt auch der Grund für die rückwärtige Aufnahme bis zum Jahr 1997, da es zu dem bis dahin vorgesehenen Start der Datenbank schon nicht gekommen war. Die zukünftigen Datenbanken sollen in Dresden (für die Technikgeschichte), in München (für die Naturwissenschaftsgeschichte) und in Leipzig (für die Medizingeschichte) entstehen, doch haben sich trotz der abermals dankbar entgegengenommenen Hilfe der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) für diesen hier vorgestellten Überblick die sich für zuständig haltenden Bundesländer bislang ihren Verpflichtungen zu einem solchen Basisprojekt der Literaturrecherche weitgehend entzogen. Die , in mehrfacher Hinsicht betroffenen , Wissenschaftler(innen) hoffen auf größere Einsicht. Diese Übersicht wäre ohne den unermüdlichen Einsatz von Frau Verena Witte M. A., Bochum, nicht möglich gewesen. Daher gilt ihr unser besonderer Dank. This compilation of German research in history of science, technology, and medicine for the years 1997 to 2004 will continue the previous ones. Researchers of the institutions have given us these information, however, only up to ten indications were requested by the national committee of the IUHPS/DHS. More research results may be found on the homepages of the larger institutes and of most of the individual researchers. The list adheres to the alphabet of the authors names, no longer to that of the institutions. After this note you will find the survey of them. A new national data base is proceeding very slowly and completion might still last some time in a country where this kind of research is considered to be of regional importance only ,! This compilation was again supported by the national German science foundation (DFG), which we appreciated very much. The compilation work was mainly done thanks to the efforts of Verena Witte MA, Bochum. [source] Thomas Kuhn und die Wissenschaftsgeschichte,BERICHTE ZUR WISSENSCHAFTSGESCHICHTE, Issue 1 2001Prof. Dr. Paul Hoyningen-Huene Abstract The article discusses Thomas S. Kuhn's impact on the history of science, especially in the United States of America. First, the state of the history of science in the fifties is sketched. Second, Kuhn's particular contribution to the emerging new historiography of science is presented. Third, Kuhn's role in the m-stitutionalization of the history of science in the USA is considered. Finally, some remarks are made on the relation between Kuhn's historiographic work and his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. [source] The value of vitalism and Schrodinger's What is Life? in the contemporary classroomBIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION, Issue 3 2009Ramakrishnan Sitaraman Abstract Classic experiments and novel ideas in the history of science are often mentioned in passing in contemporary college-level science curricula. This study indicates that the detailed and creative recapitulation of a few well-chosen and famous, if well-known, results and ideas has the potential to increase students' understanding and appreciation of the scientific method and provides them with an altogether novel perspective of science. Since the students are usually aware of the salient facts involved, they are free to concentrate on the method, rather than worry about assimilating new facts. Such an approach has the potential to promote original thinking and rekindle enthusiasm for science, even at the university level. [source] Bacteriohopanetetrol and the sociology of scienceCOMPLEXITY, Issue 5 2008Harold J. Morowitz No abstract is available for this article. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||