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OCD Patients (ocd + patient)
Selected AbstractsToward a better understanding of the pathophysiology of OCD SSRI responders: QEEG source localizationACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 3 2007T. G. Bolwig Objective:, To demonstrate the utility of three-dimensional source localization of the scalp-recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) for the identification of the most probable underlying brain dysfunction in patients with obsessive,compulsive disorder (OCD). Method:, Eyes-closed resting EEG data was recorded from the scalp locations of the International 10/20 System. Variable resolution electromagnetic tomography (VARETA) was applied to artifact-free EEG data. This mathematical algorithm estimates the source generators of EEG recorded from the scalp. Results:, An excess in the alpha range was found with sources in the corpus striatum, in the orbito-frontal and temporo-frontal regions in untreated OCD patients. This abnormality was seen to decrease following successful treatment with paroxetine. Conclusion:, The VARETA findings of an activation/deactivation pattern in cortical and subcortical structures in paroxetine-responsive patients are in good accordance with data obtained in previously published positron emission tomography studies related to current hypotheses of a thalamo-striatal-frontal feedback loop being relevant for understanding the pathophysiology of OCD. [source] Dissociation between MEG alpha modulation and performance accuracy on visual working memory task in obsessive compulsive disorderHUMAN BRAIN MAPPING, Issue 12 2007Kristina T. Ciesielski Abstract Oscillatory brain activity in the alpha band (8,13 Hz) is modulated by cognitive events. Such modulation is reflected in a decrease of alpha (event-related desynchronization; ERD) with high cognitive load, or an increase (event-related synchronization) with low cognitive demand or with active inhibition of distractors. We used magnetoencephalography to investigate the pattern of prefrontal and parieto-occipital alpha modulation related to two variants of visual working memory task (delayed matching-to-sample) with and without a distractor. We tested nonmedicated, nondepressed patients suffering obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and pair-matched healthy controls. The level of event-related alpha as a function of time was estimated using the temporal-spectral evolution technique. The results in OCD patients indicated: (1) a lower level of prestimulus (reference) alpha when compared to controls, (2) a task-phase specific reduction in event-related alpha ERD in particular for delayed matching-to-sample task with distractor, (3) no significant correlations between the pattern of modulation in prefrontal and parietal-occipital alpha oscillatory activity. Despite showing an abnormally low alpha modulation, the OCD patients' performance accuracy was normal. The results suggest a relationship of alpha oscillations and the underlying thalamocortical network to etiology of OCD and an involvement of a compensatory mechanism related to effortful inhibition of extrinsic and intrinsic interference. Hum Brain Mapp 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Thought disorder in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorderJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 4 2005Han-Joo Lee We examined the presence of disordered thinking/perception in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Recently, an obsession model has been proposed, which classifies obsessions into two different subtypes: autogenous obsessions and reactive obsessions (Lee & Kwon, 2003). Based on this model, we hypothesized that OCD patients primarily displaying autogenous obsessions as opposed to reactive obsessions would display more severely disordered thinking/perception. We compared 15 OCD patients primarily displaying autogenous obsessions (AOs), 14 OCD patients primarily displaying reactive obsessions (ROs), 32 patients with schizophrenia (SPRs), and 28 patients with other anxiety disorders (OADs) with respect to thought disorders as assessed by the Comprehensive System of the Rorschach Inkblot Test. Results indicated that both AOs and SPRs displayed more severe thought disorders compared to ROs or OADs. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol. [source] Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder in patients who have comorbid major depressionJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 11 2004Jonathan S. Abramowitz Many patients who have obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) also meet criteria for additional diagnoses such as mood, anxiety, and personality disorders. The presence of severe depression, and major depressive disorder per se, impedes response to treatment for OCD that uses the best available treatments. In this article, the comorbidity data in OCD are reviewed, then the relationship between depression and OCD treatment outcome is reviewed. Next, the derivation and implementation of a treatment program specifically for depressed OCD patients are illustrated with a case example. The article closes with a discussion of implications and directions gleaned from this single case study. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session. [source] Smaller pituitary volume in adult patients with obsessive,compulsive disorderPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES, Issue 4 2009Murad Atmaca md Aims:, Another structure in the obsessive,compulsive disorder (OCD) circuit may be the pituitary gland because of the fact that limbic,hypothalamic,pituitary,adrenal (LHPA) axis abnormality has been reported in patients with OCD. There has been only one prior study, however, concerning pituitary volumetry, in which the sample was a pediatric group. The purpose of the present study was therefore to investigate this in an adult OCD patient group using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods:, Pituitary volume was measured in 23 OCD patients and the same number of healthy control subjects. Volumetric measurements were made on T1-weighted coronal MRI, with 2.40-mm-thick slices, at 1.5 T, and were done blindly. Results:, A statistically significantly smaller pituitary volume was found in OCD patients compared to healthy controls (age and intracranial volume as covariates). With regard to gender and diagnosis, there was a significant difference in pituitary gland volume (F = 4.18, P < 0.05). In addition, post-hoc analysis indicated near-significant difference in men with OCD as compared with women with OCD (P = 0.07) and significant difference between control men and control women (F = 10.96, P < 0.001). Conclusions:, Taking into consideration that the prior study found decreases in pituitary volume in pediatric patients with OCD as compared with healthy control subjects, future large MRI studies should investigate pituitary size longitudinally, with a careful characterization of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function in conjunction with anatomic MRI evaluation. [source] Effect of cognitive training focusing on organizational strategies in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorderPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES, Issue 6 2006HEE SOO PARK ma Abstract, The purpose of the present paper was to develop a cognitive training program for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and evaluate its effectiveness. Nine 60-min sessions focusing on the improvement of organizational strategies were given to 15 patients with OCD over a period of 5 weeks. The control group consisted of 15 age- and sex-matched patients also with OCD. The Rey,Osterrieth Complex Figure Test and Korean,California Verbal Learning Test were administered before and after cognitive training. Clinical symptoms were assessed with the Yale,Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. The memory function in the treatment group improved and their clinical symptoms were alleviated after training, compared to those of the control group. Cognitive training of OCD patients not only improved their memory function, but also alleviated their clinical symptoms. Therefore, cognitive training, focusing on the improvement of organizational strategies, could be an effective treatment modality for patients with OCD. [source] Clinical predictors of response to pharmacotherapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in obsessive,compulsive disorderPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES, Issue 4 2006IT TÜKEL md Abstract, The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical predictors of response to treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) in a sample of patients with obsessive,compulsive disorder (OCD). A total of 55 patients diagnosed as OCD according to revised 3rd edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria underwent a 12-week standardized SSRI treatment. According to ,treatment response', defined as at least a 35% drop in the Yale,Brown Obsessive,Compulsive Scale total score, OCD patients were divided into two groups. A total of 32 (58.2%) patients who responded to treatment and 23 (41.8%) who did not, were compared in terms of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. The authors' findings demonstrated that the severity of obsession,compulsions and disability in work, social and family lives at the beginning of treatment were significantly higher in OCD patients who did not respond to treatment in comparison to those who did. Linear regression analysis, however, revealed that Sheehan Disability Scale-work score at baseline was a predictor of response to SSRI treatment. The higher levels of disability at the beginning of treatment in patients with OCD are associated with a poorer response to SSRI. [source] Serum folate and homocysteine levels in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorderPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES, Issue 5 2005MURAD ATMACA md Abstract Previous studies have shown that folate deficiency, increased homocysteine, impaired metylation have been identified in depressive disorder. Recently, growing research has resulted in the biological association between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and affective disorders. Therefore, in the present study it was evaluated whether or not folate and homocysteine levels changed. Serum folate and homocysteine concentrations were measured in 23 patients with OCD and in same number of controls. In addition, all patients were assessed by Yale-Brown Obsession Compulsion Scale (Y-BOCS). Serum folate values were significantly lower in OCD patients than in controls, while homocysteine concentrations were higher in patients compared with controls. Serum folate values were significantly and negatively related to Y-BOCS scores. Total serum homocysteine concentrations were positively correlated to Y-BOCS scores and the duration of illness. There was a trend toward a negative correlation between the concentrations of serum folate and homocysteine. In conclusion, we identified that a group of patients with OCD might have folate deficiency, higher homocysteine levels and probable impaired metylation and monoamine metabolism. [source] Plasma nitrate values in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorderPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES, Issue 5 2005MURAD ATMACA md Abstract Recently there has been increasing evidence that free oxygen species may play an important role in the pathophysiology of various neuropsychiatric disorders. The present study was performed to assess the changes in plasma nitric oxide (NO) levels in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) compared to age- and sex-matched normal controls. Twenty-three patients with OCD and 23 healthy volunteers were included in the study. NO values were determined in the plasma of normal healthy controls and the OCD patients. Plasma nitrate levels in OCD patients were significantly higher than those in controls and were significantly and positively correlated with Yale-Brown Obsession Compulsion Scale scores but not related to age or to the duration of illness. These findings indicated a possible role of increased NO may be relevant to the pathophysiology of OCD. [source] Obsessive compulsive (OC) symptoms and subjective severity, probability, and coping ability estimations of future negative eventsCLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY (AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY & PRACTICE), Issue 2 2002Carol M. Woods This paper describes two studies in which 18 participants with OCD (Study 1) and 73 students (Study 2) rated the subjective probability and severity of future negative events, as well as their anticipated coping ability. The negative events were idiographic in that participants wrote and rated events that were particularly salient to them personally. In both samples, results indicated that, as OC symptoms increased, severity estimation increased and coping ability decreased. However, probability estimation increased with OC symptoms in the student sample, but not in the OCD sample. Results also suggested that OC symptoms may relate to the product of probability and severity, divided by coping ability. Regression results indicated that higher probability estimation for students, and worse predicted coping ability for OCD patients, was the most predictive of OC symptoms. Findings are discussed in the context of cognitive theory of OCD. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | |||||||||||||