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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (obsessive + compulsive_disorder)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Psychology	45%
Medical Sciences	36%

Selected Abstracts

Ephedra alkaloids and brief relapse in EMDR-treated obsessive compulsive disorder

ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 2 2004
F. M. Corrigan Consultant Psychiatrist
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Dissociation between MEG alpha modulation and performance accuracy on visual working memory task in obsessive compulsive disorder

HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING, Issue 12 2007
Kristina T. Ciesielski
Abstract Oscillatory brain activity in the alpha band (8,13 Hz) is modulated by cognitive events. Such modulation is reflected in a decrease of alpha (event-related desynchronization; ERD) with high cognitive load, or an increase (event-related synchronization) with low cognitive demand or with active inhibition of distractors. We used magnetoencephalography to investigate the pattern of prefrontal and parieto-occipital alpha modulation related to two variants of visual working memory task (delayed matching-to-sample) with and without a distractor. We tested nonmedicated, nondepressed patients suffering obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and pair-matched healthy controls. The level of event-related alpha as a function of time was estimated using the temporal-spectral evolution technique. The results in OCD patients indicated: (1) a lower level of prestimulus (reference) alpha when compared to controls, (2) a task-phase specific reduction in event-related alpha ERD in particular for delayed matching-to-sample task with distractor, (3) no significant correlations between the pattern of modulation in prefrontal and parietal-occipital alpha oscillatory activity. Despite showing an abnormally low alpha modulation, the OCD patients' performance accuracy was normal. The results suggest a relationship of alpha oscillations and the underlying thalamocortical network to etiology of OCD and an involvement of a compensatory mechanism related to effortful inhibition of extrinsic and intrinsic interference. Hum Brain Mapp 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

The Yale,Brown,Cornell eating disorder scale in women with anorexia nervosa: What is it measuring?

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 3 2009
Jennifer Jordan PhD
Abstract Objective: The Yale,Brown,Cornell Eating Disorder Scale (YBC-EDS) assesses eating disorder preoccupations, rituals, and symptom severity. This study examines the YBC-EDS in relation to eating disorder psychopathology, obsessionality, and impul-sivityvariables in women with anorexia nervosa (AN) and sensitivity of the YBC-EDS to change after psychotherapy. Method: Participants were 56 women with "spectrum" AN (14.5 < BMI < 19). Variables examined in relation to the YBC-EDS were as follows: eating pathology, obsessionality (obsessive compulsive disorder and personality diagnoses, perfectionism), and impulsivity (borderline personality, impulsive traits, and behaviors). YBC-EDS scores were examined pre- and post-treatment. Results: Eating Disorder Examination scores most strongly predicted the YBC-EDS. As expected, perfectionism was significantly associated, but so was impulsivity. YBC-EDS scores were significantly different in those with good versus poor global outcome after therapy. Unexpectedly, maximum lifetime BMI was correlated with the YBC-EDS. Discussion: The YBC-EDS most strongly measured eating disorder severity and reflected change after psychotherapy for AN. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009 [source]

The Importance of Mental Illness Education

JUVENILE AND FAMILY COURT JOURNAL, Issue 4 2001
BY ANGELA D. VICKERS J.D.
ABSTRACT Until our legal community,both lawyers and judges,understands basic truths about the medically based and highly treatable mental illnesses, (depression, manic-depression [bipolar disorder], schizophrenia, and the anxiety disorders, including obsessive compulsive disorder) our nation does not offer "justice for all" for the more than 27 million Americans who have one or more of these common brain problems. With accurate information, our legal community can restore justice to millions of Americans, children to seniors, and do much to improve health, prosperity, stability, and safety to our nation, through actions and decisions which promote public education and understanding, early recognition and treatment, and which replace stigma, discrimination, wrongful punishment, and failure with understanding, recovery, productivity, and justice. [source]

Substance Dependence and Other Psychiatric Disorders Among Drug Dependent Subjects: Race and Gender Correlates

THE AMERICAN JOURNAL ON ADDICTIONS, Issue 2 2000
Wilson M. Compton III M.D.
Persons in drug treatment with drug dependence were interviewed with the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule to ascertain DSM-III-R disorders. Lifetime prevalence rates were 64% for alcohol dependence, 44% for antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), 39% for phobic disorders, 24% for major depression, 12% for dysthymia, 10% for generalized anxiety disorder, 3% for panic disorder, 3% for mania, 3% for obsessive compulsive disorder, 2% for bulimia, 1% for schizophrenia, and 1% for anorexia. When stratified by race and age, significant main effects were seen, but there were no significant interactions except in "any non-substance disorder" and in the mean number of non-substance use disorders. Caucasians had a higher mean number of drug dependence disorders and higher overall rates of "any other" disorder than African-Americans, and Caucasians and males had higher mean numbers of non-substance use disorders than African-Americans and females, respectively. This was related to rates of alcohol, cannabis, and hallucinogen dependence, and ASPD rates that were higher among men than women and higher among Caucasian respondents than African-American for alcohol, cannabis, hallucinogen, opiate and sedative dependence, major depression, dysthymia, and generalized anxiety disorder. In contrast, women had higher rates than men of amphetamine dependence, phobic disorder, major depression, dysthymia, panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, and mania. African-Americans had higher rates than Caucasians of amphetamine, cocaine, and phencyclidine dependence, but for no comorbid disorders were the rates higher among African-Americans than Caucasians. The differences according to gender in rates of disorders among substance dependent persons are consistent with the results of general population surveys, but the differences in rates according to race are in contrast to these same community surveys. Limitations in the utility of the concept of race as a valid category diminish the generalizability of the findings; however, one possible explanation is differential treatment seeking in African-American and Caucasian populations that would result in the differences seen. [source]

Reducing hoarding behavior with individualized reinforcement and item return

BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS, Issue 2 2006
Cynthia L. Berry
Treatment research on hoarding is generally limited to people without intellectual disabilities who have symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder and respond favorably to cognitive-based therapies. We evaluated the effects of individualized reinforcement and item return procedures on hoarding behavior in a multiple baseline across three persons with severe mental retardation. Systematic preference assessment procedures identified items used in the individualized reinforcement procedures. Reductions in hoarding behavior occurred for each person when individualized treatment and item return procedures were applied. These reductions were maintained when direct support staff were trained to provide treatment. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Effects of DRL and DRL combined with response cost on perseverative verbal behavior of an adult with mental retardation and obsessive compulsive disorder

BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS, Issue 1 2001
George Kostinas
Although there has been increased interest in the identification and diagnosis of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in people who have developmental disabilities, clinical research has been reported infrequently. The present single-case study evaluated the effects from systematic behavioral intervention with a 26-year-old man who had moderate mental retardation, OCD, and exhibited perseverative verbalizations. Verbalizations were reduced when the man gained access to preferred activities contingent upon a low response frequency (DRL: differential reinforcement of low-rate responding). The behavior was reduced further when a DRL contingency was implemented in the form of a response cost procedure. The implications of these findings for the treatment of OCD in people with developmental disabilities are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Do psychotherapies produce neurobiological effects?

ACTA NEUROPSYCHIATRICA, Issue 2 2006
Veena Kumari
Background:, An area of recent interest in psychiatric research is the application of neuroimaging techniques to investigate neural events associated with the development and the treatment of symptoms in a number of psychiatric disorders. Objective:, To examine whether psychological therapies modulate brain activity and, if so, to examine whether these changes similar to those found with relevant pharmacotherapy in various mental disorders. Methods:, Relevant data were identified from Pubmed and PsycInfo searches up to July 2005 using combinations of keywords including ,psychological therapy', ,behaviour therapy', ,depression', ,panic disorder', ,phobia', ,obsessive compulsive disorder', ,schizophrenia', ,psychosis', ,brain activity', ,brain metabolism', ,PET', ,SPECT' and ,fMRI'. Results:, There was ample evidence to demonstrate that psychological therapies produce changes at the neural level. The data, for example in depression, panic disorder, phobia and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), clearly suggested that a change in patients' symptoms and maladaptive behaviour at the mind level with psychological techniques is accompanied with functional brain changes in relevant brain circuits. In many studies, cognitive therapies and drug therapies achieved therapeutic gains through the same neural pathways although the two forms of treatment may still have different mechanisms of action. Conclusions:, Empirical research indicates a close association between the ,mind' and the ,brain' in showing that changes made at the mind level in a psychotherapeutic context produce changes at the brain level. The investigation of changes in neural activity with psychological therapies is a novel area which is likely to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms for therapeutic changes across a range of disorders. [source]

Evidence Based Research in CBT with Adolescent Eating Disorders

CHILD AND ADOLESCENT MENTAL HEALTH, Issue 1 2006
Simon G. Gowers
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is increasingly becoming the treatment of choice for a number of adolescent mental health problems, including depression (Harrington et al., 1998) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), (March, 1995). In considering the role of CBT in the treatment of adolescent eating disorders, it is helpful to review the phenomenology of anorexia and bulimia nervosa in this age group and to assess the theoretical relevance of a cognitive behavioural approach to their management. The evidence base has been reviewed in the recently published National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) Guidelines on the treatment of eating disorders (NICE, 2004). To date, CBT approaches have not been widely tested in controlled trials in this age group. However, a randomised controlled treatment trial is under way in the North West of England (The TOuCAN Trial), in which CBT is an important component of one of the interventions being studied and this will be described. [source]