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Obese Girls (obese + girl)
Selected AbstractsConfluent and reticulated papillomatosis and acanthosis nigricans in an obese girl: two distinct pathologies with a common pathogenetic pathway or a unique entity dependent on insulin resistance?JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 4 2006SP Cannavò [source] Calcium intake and its relationship with adiposity and insulin resistance in post-pubertal adolescentsJOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION & DIETETICS, Issue 2 2008L. C. Dos Santos Abstract Background, Dietary calcium intake has been described as being a negative contributor to adiposity. In adolescents, this relationship is not well established. The objectives of the present study were to compare the calcium intake of normal-weight and obese adolescents and to evaluate its relationship with adiposity and insulin resistance. Methods, A cross-sectional analysis of 96 post-pubertal adolescents; 47 normal weight and 49 obese, mean age 16.6 (SD ± 1.3) years. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Dietary intake was evaluated using a 3-day dietary record. The biochemical evaluation comprised the measurements of serum lipids, lipoproteins, glucose and insulin. Insulin resistance was calculated using the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results, The mean calcium intake, adjusted for energy, was lower in obese adolescents, 585.2 (±249.9) mg, than in normal weight adolescents, 692.1 (±199.5) mg. Only 4% of adolescents had an adequate intake of calcium. Calcium intake was inversely associated with body trunk fat, insulin and HOMA-IR in the obese group. The quartile analysis of calcium intake provided evidence that girls in the highest quartile had decreased adiposity and insulin resistance. Conclusions, This study showed a negative relationship between calcium intake and body fat and insulin resistance, mainly in obese girls, and demonstrates the importance of an increased dietary calcium intake. [source] Original Article: Activity, inactivity and quality of life among Lebanese adolescentsPEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2010Abdallah Fazah Abstract Background:, The aim of the present study was to investigate recent overweight and obesity prevalence rates for Lebanese adolescents, and to examine differences in physical activity, screen time (sum of time spent in front of TV, computer, and videogames), and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for the first time among normal, overweight, and obese adolescents. Methods:, One thousand Lebanese adolescents (14,18 years old) from nine schools participated in the study. Height, weight, physical activity, screen time, and HRQOL variables were assessed using validated self-report questionnaires. Results:, A total of 7.8% of boys and 1.75% of girls were obese, and 22.5% of boys and 12.47% of girls were overweight. Normal-weight boys reported higher physical activity scores at health clubs than obese boys. Normal-weight girls reported higher leisure time and total physical activity scores than obese girls. In the normal-weight group, boys reported higher total screen time than girls. Normal-weight boys reported higher physical functioning scores than their obese peers. Normal-weight girls reported higher physical functioning and average HRQOL scores than obese girls. Normal-weight and overweight boys reported higher average HRQOL scores than girls. Conclusion:, The present study is the first to provide data on physical activity, screen time, and HRQOL among Lebanese adolescents. Despite the need for further research, all those concerned with the pediatric population are urged to develop and implement effective strategies to increase physical activity and improve HRQOL among adolescents based on the present findings. [source] Effect of Trp64Arg mutation of the ,3-adrenergic receptor gene and C161T substitution of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor , gene on obesity in Japanese childrenPEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2003Rina Arashiro AbstractObjective: Obesity is a multifactorial syndrome influenced by both genetic and behavioral factors. Trp64Arg mutation of the ,3-adrenergic receptor (AR) gene and C161T substitution of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) , gene have been reported to be associated with obesity or lipid metabolism in adults. However, the effects of these mutations on children have not yet been clarified. For this reason, we studied the effects of Trp64Arg mutation of the ,3-AR gene and C161T substitution of the PPAR, gene on obesity in Japanese children. Subjects and Methods: In order to determine the effects of Trp64Arg mutation of the ,3-AR gene and C161T substitution of the PPAR, gene on obesity in children, 105 obese Japanese children were screened by the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis. Plasma lipid, apolipoprotein (apo), glucose, insulin and leptin levels were also determined. Results: Obese boys with Trp64Arg showed a higher obesity index and lower plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apoA-I and apoA-II than those of them without the mutation. Obese boys with both mutations showed a higher plasma leptin level than those with only the ,3 - AR gene mutation or PPAR, gene mutation. No significant effect of these mutations was found in obese girls. Conclusion: All of these data suggest that Trp64Arg mutation of the ,3-AR gene might affect obesity and HDL metabolism in obese boys. In contrast, C161T mutation of the PPAR, gene, by itself, is unlikely to influence obesity, lipid metabolism or plasma leptin levels. [source] Coping in Children and Adolescents with Obesity: The Costs and Benefits of Realistic versus Unrealistic Weight EvaluationsAPPLIED PSYCHOLOGY: HEALTH AND WELL-BEING, Issue 2 2010Stefanie Meier The study analysed differences in coping strategies between obese and non-obese children and adolescents (age: 8,14 years) in response to a social stressor. Physicians' diagnoses of obesity and self-reports on height and weight as well as gender and age were considered. A sample of 757 participants responded to an established German coping questionnaire. In addition to general coping strategies, two more potentially weight-related coping strategies were assessed. Adolescent obese girls who reported height and weight realistically showed particularly little social support-seeking behavior. Media use in general increased with age, but was especially high for adolescent obese boys who evaluated themselves as obese. Finally, girls in general and obese children and adolescents who evaluated themselves as overweight or obese showed higher stress-related eating. With regard to coping it seems to be a disadvantage for obese children and adolescents to see themselves as obese. In contrast, obese children and adolescents who have unrealistically positive self-evaluations of their weight report coping strategies similar to those reported by normal weight children and adolescents. It is assumed that positive self-evaluations of body weight prevent especially obese adolescents from inactivity and social isolation. Findings are relevant for the design of interventions to treat obesity. [source] Obesity in girls and penetrative sexual abuse in childhoodACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 1 2009Orit Pinhas-Hamiel Abstract Aim: To assess the relationship between childhood obesity and penetrative sexual abuse in girls. Methods: All obese girls referred to a hospital based pediatric endocrine unit were interviewed by a social worker or psychologist. Questions aimed to elicit any history of physical, emotional and sexual abuse are included. Overweight was defined as BM >95th percentile for age and gender. Body mass index (BMI) Z score (BMIZ) was calculated as measured BMI minus mean BMI for age and gender divided by standard deviation. Penetrative abuse was defined if a history was elicited of forced intercourse with any form of oral, vaginal or anal penetration. Results: A history of penetrative abuse was elicited in 5 out of 145 (3.5%) obese girls, their mean ± SD age was 11.9 ± 3.1 years. Abused girls were significantly more obese than the remainder of the patients (BMIZ 4.76 ± 1.34 vs. 3.39 ± 1.28 p = 0.02). Forty-two of all girls had BMI Z scores ,4, and of these four (9.5%) had been abused. All girls had changes in normal daily behaviour including seductive behaviour, seclusion, self-mutilation and new onset day enuresis. Conclusion: In the evaluation of girls with marked obesity, particularly if associated with behavioural changes and failure to respond to therapy, the possible occurrence of penetrative sexual abuse should be considered. [source] Association between androgens, intima-media thickness and the metabolic syndrome in obese adolescent girlsCLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 6 2010Gideon De Sousa Summary Background, While an association between androgens and the metabolic syndrome (MS) is well established in obese women, studies concerning this relationship are scarce in obese adolescent girls. Therefore, we analysed the relationships between androgens, MS and intima-media thickness (IMT) in this age-group. Methods, In 160 obese girls (aged 12,18 years, mean BMI: 32·6 ± 5·0 kg/m2), androgens [testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S), androstenedione], SHBG and the components of MS (waist circumference, blood pressure (BP), lipids, uric acid, insulin, glucose, 2 h glucose in oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT)) were studied. Furthermore, IMT was determined in a subgroup of 71 randomly chosen girls. Results, Testosterone correlated significantly to systolic BP (r = 0·20), diastolic BP (r = 0·24), 2 h glucose in oGTT (r = 0·30), triglycerides (r = 0·19), uric acid (r = 0·17), waist circumference (r = 0·25) and IMT (r = 0·54). These relationships (except for waist circumference and uric acid) were independent of BMI and insulin resistance index homeostasis model assessment. In contrast to testosterone, DHEA-S, androstenedione and SHBG showed no or weaker correlations to any parameter of MS. The 48 girls with MS demonstrated significantly higher testosterone (1·8 ± 0·7 nmol/l; P = 0·025) and DHEA-S (4·7 ± 2·3 ,mol/l; P = 0·008) concentrations as compared with the 112 girls without MS (mean testosterone 1·5 ± 0·7 nmol/l, mean DHEA-S 3·6 ± 2·3 ,mol/l). Conclusions, Testosterone was significantly related to MS and its components in obese adolescent girls independently of BMI and insulin resistance. As IMT was significantly associated with testosterone, this supports the clinical relevance of this finding. [source] | ||||||||||