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Obese Boys (obese + boy)
Selected AbstractsEffect of Trp64Arg mutation of the ,3-adrenergic receptor gene and C161T substitution of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor , gene on obesity in Japanese childrenPEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2003Rina Arashiro AbstractObjective: Obesity is a multifactorial syndrome influenced by both genetic and behavioral factors. Trp64Arg mutation of the ,3-adrenergic receptor (AR) gene and C161T substitution of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) , gene have been reported to be associated with obesity or lipid metabolism in adults. However, the effects of these mutations on children have not yet been clarified. For this reason, we studied the effects of Trp64Arg mutation of the ,3-AR gene and C161T substitution of the PPAR, gene on obesity in Japanese children. Subjects and Methods: In order to determine the effects of Trp64Arg mutation of the ,3-AR gene and C161T substitution of the PPAR, gene on obesity in children, 105 obese Japanese children were screened by the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis. Plasma lipid, apolipoprotein (apo), glucose, insulin and leptin levels were also determined. Results: Obese boys with Trp64Arg showed a higher obesity index and lower plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apoA-I and apoA-II than those of them without the mutation. Obese boys with both mutations showed a higher plasma leptin level than those with only the ,3 - AR gene mutation or PPAR, gene mutation. No significant effect of these mutations was found in obese girls. Conclusion: All of these data suggest that Trp64Arg mutation of the ,3-AR gene might affect obesity and HDL metabolism in obese boys. In contrast, C161T mutation of the PPAR, gene, by itself, is unlikely to influence obesity, lipid metabolism or plasma leptin levels. [source] Narcolepsy and other non-SAS hypersomnia in sleep breathing disorders clinicPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES, Issue 3 2001Katsuhisa Banno MD Abstract Four of the 708 snorers (0.56%), referred to our sleep breathing disorders clinic for the past 2 years were diagnosed as having narcolepsy-cataplexy. Detecting HLA DRB1*1501/DQB1*0602 positive was informative for differentiating genuine narcolepsy from non-sleep apnea syndrome (non-SAS) hypersomnia in our clinic. A non-SAS obese boy, diagnosed as having essential hypersomnia syndrome, was found to be HLA DRB1*1502/DQB1*0601 positive. His hypocretin concentration was 206 pg/mL in the cerebrospinal fluid. [source] Abnormal vascular reactivity at rest and exercise in obese boysEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, Issue 2 2009L. Karpoff Abstract Background, Obese children exhibit vascular disorders at rest depending on their pubertal status, degree of obesity, and level of insulin resistance. However, data regarding their vascular function during exercise remain scarce. The aims of the present study were to evaluate vascular morphology and function at rest, and lower limb blood flow during exercise, in prepubertal boys with mild-to-moderate obesity and in lean controls. Materials and methods, Twelve moderately obese prepubertal boys [Body Mass Index (BMI: 23·9 ± 2·6 kg m,2)] and thirteen controls (BMI:17·4 ± 1·8 kg m,2), matched for age (mean age: 11·6 ± 0·6 years) were recruited. We measured carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and wall compliance and incremental elastic modulus, resting brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and nitrate-dependent dilation (NDD), lower limb blood flow during local knee-extensor incremental and maximal exercise, body fat content (DEXA), blood pressure, blood lipids, insulin and glucose. Results, Compared to lean controls, obese boys had greater IMT (0·47 ± 0·06 vs. 0·42 ± 0·03 mm, P < 0·05) but lower FMD (4·6 ± 2·8 vs. 8·8 ± 3·2%, P < 0·01) in spite of similar maximal shear rate, without NDD differences. Lower limb blood flow (mL min,1·100 g,1) increased significantly from rest to maximal exercise in both groups, although obese children reached lower values than lean counterparts whatever the exercise intensity. Conclusions, Mild-to-moderate obesity in prepubertal boys without insulin resistance is associated with impaired endothelial function and blunted muscle perfusion response to local dynamic exercise without alteration of vascular smooth muscle reactivity. [source] Changes in body composition after a 12-wk aerobic exercise program in obese boysPEDIATRIC DIABETES, Issue 2 2000Richard A DeStefano Previous studies have shown that vigorous aerobic training programs for obese children result in minimal weight changes, and concluded that they may not be beneficial. Weight change alone may not detect important beneficial changes in body composition associated with vigorous training in these children. Fifteen obese boys (aged 9,12 yr, body mass index (BMI) 31.8±6.5, average percent body fat (%BF) 41±4.2) underwent a supervised aerobic and resistance training program (12 wk, 2 days/wk for 30 min/session), to investigate the effects on weight and body composition. After the 3-month training period, weight loss averaged only 1.5±1.0 kg (not significant), but total body fat decreased by 4.1±1.8 kg (p<0.05) and fat-free mass (FFM) increased by 2.6±1.1 kg (p<0.05) based on hydrostatic weighing. As a result, %BF fell by 10% (p<0.01). There was a 5.8±2.8 mL/kg/min (p<0.05) increase in peak volume of oxygen uptake (VO2), along with a 248±120 kcal/d (p<0.05) increase in resting energy expenditure (REE). Activity questionnaires showed a significant increase in high intensity recreational activities (6.5±1.5 vs 3.5±0.5 h physical activity/wk; p<0.01) in the home and a significant decrease in low intensity activities (7±2.0 vs 12±3.5 h TV viewing/wk; p<0.01). Conclusions: Vigorous supervised aerobic training in obese boys has beneficial effects on body composition, fitness and leisure time activities that are not apparent by measurement of changes in body weight alone. [source] Original Article: Activity, inactivity and quality of life among Lebanese adolescentsPEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2010Abdallah Fazah Abstract Background:, The aim of the present study was to investigate recent overweight and obesity prevalence rates for Lebanese adolescents, and to examine differences in physical activity, screen time (sum of time spent in front of TV, computer, and videogames), and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for the first time among normal, overweight, and obese adolescents. Methods:, One thousand Lebanese adolescents (14,18 years old) from nine schools participated in the study. Height, weight, physical activity, screen time, and HRQOL variables were assessed using validated self-report questionnaires. Results:, A total of 7.8% of boys and 1.75% of girls were obese, and 22.5% of boys and 12.47% of girls were overweight. Normal-weight boys reported higher physical activity scores at health clubs than obese boys. Normal-weight girls reported higher leisure time and total physical activity scores than obese girls. In the normal-weight group, boys reported higher total screen time than girls. Normal-weight boys reported higher physical functioning scores than their obese peers. Normal-weight girls reported higher physical functioning and average HRQOL scores than obese girls. Normal-weight and overweight boys reported higher average HRQOL scores than girls. Conclusion:, The present study is the first to provide data on physical activity, screen time, and HRQOL among Lebanese adolescents. Despite the need for further research, all those concerned with the pediatric population are urged to develop and implement effective strategies to increase physical activity and improve HRQOL among adolescents based on the present findings. [source] Effect of Trp64Arg mutation of the ,3-adrenergic receptor gene and C161T substitution of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor , gene on obesity in Japanese childrenPEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2003Rina Arashiro AbstractObjective: Obesity is a multifactorial syndrome influenced by both genetic and behavioral factors. Trp64Arg mutation of the ,3-adrenergic receptor (AR) gene and C161T substitution of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) , gene have been reported to be associated with obesity or lipid metabolism in adults. However, the effects of these mutations on children have not yet been clarified. For this reason, we studied the effects of Trp64Arg mutation of the ,3-AR gene and C161T substitution of the PPAR, gene on obesity in Japanese children. Subjects and Methods: In order to determine the effects of Trp64Arg mutation of the ,3-AR gene and C161T substitution of the PPAR, gene on obesity in children, 105 obese Japanese children were screened by the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis. Plasma lipid, apolipoprotein (apo), glucose, insulin and leptin levels were also determined. Results: Obese boys with Trp64Arg showed a higher obesity index and lower plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apoA-I and apoA-II than those of them without the mutation. Obese boys with both mutations showed a higher plasma leptin level than those with only the ,3 - AR gene mutation or PPAR, gene mutation. No significant effect of these mutations was found in obese girls. Conclusion: All of these data suggest that Trp64Arg mutation of the ,3-AR gene might affect obesity and HDL metabolism in obese boys. In contrast, C161T mutation of the PPAR, gene, by itself, is unlikely to influence obesity, lipid metabolism or plasma leptin levels. [source] Coping in Children and Adolescents with Obesity: The Costs and Benefits of Realistic versus Unrealistic Weight EvaluationsAPPLIED PSYCHOLOGY: HEALTH AND WELL-BEING, Issue 2 2010Stefanie Meier The study analysed differences in coping strategies between obese and non-obese children and adolescents (age: 8,14 years) in response to a social stressor. Physicians' diagnoses of obesity and self-reports on height and weight as well as gender and age were considered. A sample of 757 participants responded to an established German coping questionnaire. In addition to general coping strategies, two more potentially weight-related coping strategies were assessed. Adolescent obese girls who reported height and weight realistically showed particularly little social support-seeking behavior. Media use in general increased with age, but was especially high for adolescent obese boys who evaluated themselves as obese. Finally, girls in general and obese children and adolescents who evaluated themselves as overweight or obese showed higher stress-related eating. With regard to coping it seems to be a disadvantage for obese children and adolescents to see themselves as obese. In contrast, obese children and adolescents who have unrealistically positive self-evaluations of their weight report coping strategies similar to those reported by normal weight children and adolescents. It is assumed that positive self-evaluations of body weight prevent especially obese adolescents from inactivity and social isolation. Findings are relevant for the design of interventions to treat obesity. [source] Telomere length in relation to insulin resistance, inflammation and obesity among Arab youthACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 6 2010OS Al-Attas Abstract Aim:, The aim of this study was to determine the associations of telomere length to markers of obesity, insulin resistance and inflammation in Saudi children. Methods:, A total of 69 boys and 79 girls, aged 5,12 years, participated in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometrics were measured. Serum glucose and lipid profile were measured using routine laboratory methods. Serum insulin, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and active plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 were quantified using customized multiplex assay kits. C-reactive protein and angiotensin II were quantified using ELISA. Leucocyte telomere length was examined by quantitative real time PCR utilizing IQ cycler. Results:, Mean telomere length was significantly shorter in obese boys compared with their lean counterparts (p = 0.049), not in girls. It was not associated to insulin resistance, adipocytokines and markers of inflammation. In girls, the significant predictor of telomere length was waist circumference, explaining 24% of variance (p = 0.041) while in boys, systolic blood pressure explained 84% of the variance (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Childhood obesity in boys corresponds to shorter leucocyte telomere length which is not evident in girls. The association of leucocyte telomere length to blood pressure and waist circumference in children suggests clinical implications as to the contribution of these parameters in premature ageing. [source] | ||||||||||