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Oxidation Resistance (oxidation + resistance)
Selected AbstractsOxidation Resistance of Multilayer SiC for Space Vehicle Thermal Protection Systems,ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 7 2010Claudia Milena Vega Bolivar The oxidation resistances of different kinds of SiC-based laminates are compared. The materials under investigation are produced by tape casting of green ceramic sheets, followed by stacking of the sheets in a multilayer structure and laminate consolidation by de-binding and sintering. Three kinds of specimens are tested: multilayer SiC with fully dense layers, multilayer SiC integrating porous layers and multilayer composites made by stacking SiC/Cf composite layers. Two kinds of chopped carbon fibres (polyamide coated and uncoated) are used for the manufacture of the composite sheets. The oxidation behaviour is investigated by simultaneous TGA,DTA,MS analysis. Specimens are also submitted to a long-term oxidation treatment (30,h at 1,600,°C in flowing air) and their microstructure and mechanical behaviour compared before and after oxidation. This assessment shows that the integration of porous or composite layers in the multilayer architecture does not worsen the oxidation resistance. In every case the formation of a surface passivating layer prevents major degradation phenomena, so that only small changes in the mechanical features are found after oxidation. [source] Developing Interfacial Carbon-Boron-Silicon Coatings for Silicon Nitride-Fiber-Reinforced Composites for Improved Oxidation ResistanceJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 7 2002Kiyoshi Sato C-B-Si coatings were formed on a Si3N4 fiber using chemical vapor deposition and embedded in a Si-N-C matrix using polymer impregnation and pyrolysis. The boron-containing layer was anticipated to form borosilicate glass and seal oxygen-diffusion passes. Two types of C-B-Si coatings were tested on the fiber,matrix interface, and they improved the oxidation resistance of the composite. The first coating was multilayered: a crystalline sublayer composed of B-Si-C was sandwiched between two graphitelike carbon sublayers. The second coating was a graphitelike carbon layer containing a small amount of boron and silicon. The carbon (sub)layer of both coatings weakened the fiber,matrix bonding, giving the composites a high flexural strength (1.1 GPa). The composites retained 60%,70% of their initial strength, even after oxidation at 1523 K for 100 h. The mechanism for improved oxidation resistance was discussed through the microstructure of the interface, morphology of the fracture surface, and oxygen distribution on a cross section of the oxidized composite. [source] Oxidation Resistance of Multilayer SiC for Space Vehicle Thermal Protection Systems,ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 7 2010Claudia Milena Vega Bolivar The oxidation resistances of different kinds of SiC-based laminates are compared. The materials under investigation are produced by tape casting of green ceramic sheets, followed by stacking of the sheets in a multilayer structure and laminate consolidation by de-binding and sintering. Three kinds of specimens are tested: multilayer SiC with fully dense layers, multilayer SiC integrating porous layers and multilayer composites made by stacking SiC/Cf composite layers. Two kinds of chopped carbon fibres (polyamide coated and uncoated) are used for the manufacture of the composite sheets. The oxidation behaviour is investigated by simultaneous TGA,DTA,MS analysis. Specimens are also submitted to a long-term oxidation treatment (30,h at 1,600,°C in flowing air) and their microstructure and mechanical behaviour compared before and after oxidation. This assessment shows that the integration of porous or composite layers in the multilayer architecture does not worsen the oxidation resistance. In every case the formation of a surface passivating layer prevents major degradation phenomena, so that only small changes in the mechanical features are found after oxidation. [source] Crystalline , -Alumina Deposited in an Industrial Coating Unit for Demanding Turning Operations,ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 1-2 2010Kirsten Bobzin Crystalline PVD ,-Al2O3 - coatings offer great potential for their use in high-speed cutting operations. They promise high hot hardness and high oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures. This is important for coatings that are used for machining of materials with low thermal conductivity such as stainless steel or Inconel 718 because heat generated during cutting can barely be dissipated by the chip. Because of the prevailing bonding forces of alumina, adhesion-related sticking can be reduced even for dry cutting. Furthermore, the high formation enthalpy of alumina prevents chemical reactions with frictional partners. The present work gives an overview of the deposition of ,-Al2O3 thin films on WC/Co-cutting inserts by using pulsed MSIP (magnetron sputter ion plating) PVD technology. To improve adhesion, a (Ti,Al)N bond coat was employed. The samples were analyzed using common thin film test equipment. Cutting tests and pin-on-disk examinations were carried out to test the coating's performance. For turning operations, the difficult-to-machine austenitic steel 1.4301 (X5CrNi18-10) was used. In comparison to a state-of-the-art (Ti,Al)N coating, (Ti,Al)N/,-Al2O3 showed a longer tool life. [source] Thermal Investigation of Al2O3 Thin Films for Application in Cutting Operations,ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 7 2009Kirsten Bobzin Crystalline PVD ,-Al2O3 coatings offer great potential for use in high-speed cutting operations. They offer specific high temperature features, like high hot hardness and high oxidation resistance. However, the reasons for the high thermal stability of this system are not clearly understood. In this paper, the phase and oxidation stability of thin ,-Al2O3 films (as illustrated in the micrograph) are investigated. [source] Outstanding Ceramic Matrix Composites for High Temperature ApplicationsADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 3 2005L. Vandenbulcke Accurate deposition of boron and silicon carbides and nitrides permits to improve the oxidation resistance of self-healing matrices of multilayered composites. The uniformity and the microstructure of each layer and of their interfaces induce the final properties of these composites. Their mechanical behaviour in conditions very close to the applications in the energy, space and aeronautic domains, allows to demonstrate the breakthrough enabled by this new composite generation. [source] The effect of an Ni,Cr protective layer on cyclic oxidation of Ti3AlJOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY, Issue 1 2006I. CVIJOVI Summary The effect of an 80Ni,20Cr (at.%) metallic coating on the cyclic oxidation behaviour of a Ti3Al-based alloy with the composition Ti,25Al,11Nb (at.%) was investigated in this study. Cyclic oxidation tests were carried out in air at 600 °C and 900 °C for 120 h. For one cycle test, the specimens were held for 24 h at test temperature and then furnace-cooled to room temperature. The oxidation rate was determined by plotting the mass gain per unit surface area of the specimen vs. exposure time. The morphology and composition of the oxidation products were characterized on the cross-section of the specimens by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The oxidation scale forms during exposure at both 600 °C and 900 °C. TiO2 is the main oxide component, whereas the Al2O3 layer appears only discontinuously. The remarkable improvement in oxidation resistance at 900 °C was attributed to the chemical composition and structure of the scale formed on the 80Ni,20Cr coating. [source] Oxidation Kinetics and Mechanisms of Hot-Pressed TiB2,MoSi2 CompositesJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 10 2008Golla Brahma Raju The densification of titanium diboride (TiB2) at lower sintering temperature requires the use of sinter-aid. However, from the high temperature application point of view, it is important to assess whether the presence of sinter-aid degrades the material properties, including the oxidation resistance. In the present work, the isothermal oxidation behavior of TiB2 - x wt% MoSi2 (x=0, 2.5, and 10) composites was carried out using thermogravimetric analyzer in order to study the effect of MoSi2 content on the oxidation kinetics of TiB2 at 1200°C for a duration of 12 h. The oxidized surface of monolithic TiB2 composed of highly textured rod-like rutile (TiO2) crystals. In contrast, the oxide scales on TiB2,MoSi2 materials consist of a thin layer of SiO2 along with TiO2. Interestingly, the analysis of the continuous measurements of the weight gain reveals parabolic rate law of oxidation for all the investigated ceramics. However, the oxidation kinetics is slower for the TiB2 -10 wt% MoSi2, probably due to the presence of SiO2 in the oxide scale. [source] High-Temperature Oxidation at 1900°C of ZrB2,xSiC Ultrahigh-Temperature Ceramic CompositesJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 10 2008Wen-Bo Han Oxidation of ZrB2 -based ultrahigh-temperature ceramic composites containing 10, 20, and 30 vol% SiC was performed at 1900°C for 1 h in air. ZrB2,20 vol% SiC exhibited the highest oxidation resistance at this temperature and formed a dense coherent oxide scale after oxidation, whereas a strong degradation was observed for both ZrB2,10 vol% SiC and ZrB2,30 vol% SiC. In addition, cracks and spallation in the oxide scale were also detected for the latter materials. The oxidation behaviors of ZrB2,SiC composites were investigated. The effect of SiC content was analyzed and oxidation models were proposed to describe the observed microstructures. [source] Microstructure and Thermal Shock Resistance of Molten Glass-Coated Carbon Materials Fabricated by Interfacial ControlJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 7 2006Masashi Wada Carbon substrates were coated completely with a molten silicate glass, where the wettability of carbon to glass was improved by infiltration and pyrolysis of perhydropolysilazane. Microstructures of the carbon,glass interface were dependent on Pn2 during coating. Coating at lower Pn2 induced the formation of cristobalite at the carbon,glass interface. When the coating was performed at higher Pn2, the glass and carbon were strongly adhered, without the formation of cristobalite. Coating at higher Pn2 improved the thermal shock resistance of the glass layer, because crack initiation was not induced by the phase transformation of cristobalite during the cooling process. In the case of coating at higher Pn2, an oxynitride glass layer was formed at the glass subsurface by dissolution of N2. A porous glass subsurface layer with uniform spherical micro-pores could be produced by soaking near the glass transition temperature in a steam environment. The porous layer with fine and homogeneous microstructure acts as a thermal shock absorbing layer, so that glass-coated carbon with a porous glass layer has excellent thermal shock resistance in addition to steam oxidation resistance. [source] High-Strength Porous Silicon Carbide Ceramics by an Oxidation-Bonding TechniqueJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 11 2002Jihong She Porous silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics were fabricated by an oxidation-bonding process in which the powder compacts are heated in air so that SiC particles are bonded to each other by oxidation-derived SiO2 glass. Because of the crystallization of amorphous SiO2 glass into cristobalite during sintering, the fracture strength of oxidation-bonded SiC ceramics can be retained to a relatively high level at elevated temperatures. It has been shown that the mechanical strength is strongly affected by particle size. When 0.6 ,m SiC powders were used, a high strength of 185 MPa was achieved at a porosity of ,31%. Moreover, oxidation-bonded SiC ceramics were observed to exhibit an excellent oxidation resistance. [source] Developing Interfacial Carbon-Boron-Silicon Coatings for Silicon Nitride-Fiber-Reinforced Composites for Improved Oxidation ResistanceJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 7 2002Kiyoshi Sato C-B-Si coatings were formed on a Si3N4 fiber using chemical vapor deposition and embedded in a Si-N-C matrix using polymer impregnation and pyrolysis. The boron-containing layer was anticipated to form borosilicate glass and seal oxygen-diffusion passes. Two types of C-B-Si coatings were tested on the fiber,matrix interface, and they improved the oxidation resistance of the composite. The first coating was multilayered: a crystalline sublayer composed of B-Si-C was sandwiched between two graphitelike carbon sublayers. The second coating was a graphitelike carbon layer containing a small amount of boron and silicon. The carbon (sub)layer of both coatings weakened the fiber,matrix bonding, giving the composites a high flexural strength (1.1 GPa). The composites retained 60%,70% of their initial strength, even after oxidation at 1523 K for 100 h. The mechanism for improved oxidation resistance was discussed through the microstructure of the interface, morphology of the fracture surface, and oxygen distribution on a cross section of the oxidized composite. [source] High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of High-Purity ,-, ,-, and Mixed Silicon Nitride CeramicsJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 2 2002M. Backhaus-Ricoult High-temperature oxidation behavior, microstructural evolution, and oxidation kinetics of additive-free ,-, ,-, and mixed silicon nitride ceramics is investigated. The oxidation rate of the ceramics depends on the allotropic ratio; best oxidation resistance is achieved for ceramics rich in ,-phase. Variations in the oxidation kinetics are directly related to average grain size and glass distribution in the oxidation scale. The oxygen contents incorporated into the Si3N4 phase before its dissolution at the oxidation front affects the local glass composition and thereby yields nucleation and growth rates of SiO2 crystallites within the glass phase and a final oxidation scale microstructure, which depend on the incorporated oxygen contents. For the ,-polymorph, the dynamic oxygen solubility is found to remain negligible; therefore, a nitrogen-rich glass forms at the oxidation front, which promotes devitrification and yields a scale with small grain size and thin intergranular glass films. ,-Si3N4 is observed to form oxygen-rich solid solutions on oxidation, which are in contact with silicon oxynitride or oxygen-rich glass. Nucleation of cristobalite in the latter is sluggish, yielding coarse-grained oxidation scales with thick intergranular glass film. [source] Oxidation Behavior of Silicon-Infiltrated Carbon/Carbon Composites in High-Enthalpy Convective EnvironmentJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 7 2001Toshio Ogasawara Thermal response and oxidation behavior of commercial metal-silicon-infiltrated carbon/carbon composites (MICMATTM; Si-CC) were evaluated in a high-enthalpy convective environment using an arc jet facility (an arc wind tunnel). Composite specimens were put into a supersonic plasma air stream having a gas enthalpy of 12.7,18.8 MJ/kg for 50,600 s. Cold-wall heat fluxes measured by a Gardon-type calorimeter ranged from 1.0 to 1.8 MW/m2, and the maximum surface temperature reached 1300°,1660°C. After the arc jet testing, no surface recession was observed in the samples, and the mass loss rate of the composites was far less than that of graphite. The excellent oxidation resistance was caused by formation of a porous SiC layer at the surface of the composite. Oxidation behavior of the composites is discussed based on a simplified airflow blocking model of the porous SiC layer. The composites exhibited excellent oxidation resistance for short-term exposure in high-enthalpy airflow. [source] A new austenitic alumina forming alloy: an aluminium-coated FeNi32Cr20MATERIALS AND CORROSION/WERKSTOFFE UND KORROSION, Issue 6 2008H. Hattendorf Abstract The FeCrAl alloys owe their low oxidation rate to the formation of a slow growing , -aluminium oxide scale. Therefore they are used, for example, as a substrate material in metal-supported automotive catalytic converters. Increasing exhaust gas temperatures mean that, in addition to the oxidation properties, high temperature mechanical properties should also be improved. Compared to the ferritic FeCrAl alloys, austenitic alloys possess the required high mechanical strength at higher temperatures. However for most commercially available materials the oxidation resistance is not sufficient due to a low aluminium content. High aluminium contents are avoided in austenitic alloys, since they cause severe workability problems, even at aluminium contents, which are below the necessary amount to get a pure alumina scale. The newly developed material Nicrofer 3220 PAl (coated FeNiCrAl) consists of an austenitic FeNi32Cr20 alloy coated with aluminium on both sides. It combines the outstanding oxidation resistance of an alumina forming FeCrAl alloy with the advantage of the high temperature strength of an austenitic alloy. Additionally the oxidation is even lower than the oxidation of the commercial grade Aluchrom YHf (FeCr20Al6),conventional homogenous FeCrAl. Aluminium coated FeNiCrAl can easily be formed into its final shape. Prior to service, an in situ heat treatment is recommended in order to optimize the properties. [source] Reliable assessment of high temperature oxidation resistance by the development of a comprehensive code of practice for thermocycling oxidation testing , European COTEST project ,MATERIALS AND CORROSION/WERKSTOFFE UND KORROSION, Issue 1 2006M. Schütze Abstract The cyclic oxidation test is the most often used tool in industry to characterise the high temperature oxidation/corrosion resistance of technical materials in the laboratory. In the past, however, there has been the problem of a lack of intercomparability of data from different laboratories and sometimes even from different test runs in the same lab since no general guidelines or standards were existing for this type of test. Being aware of this situation the European COTEST research project was started with 23 participants from 11 countries including representatives from industry, universities, private institutes and national research labs. The present paper reports about the outcome of this project after three years. The project consisted of 8 work packages including literature search on the state-of-the-art at the beginning of the work, experimental investigations supported by a statistics approach in order to quantify the impact of the different test parameters on the test results, a validation testing phase and the development of a comprehensive set of guidelines. The latter is available on the internet and serves as a basis for a future ISO standard for this type of test. [source] Coating and near-surface modification design strategies for protective and functional surfacesMATERIALS AND CORROSION/WERKSTOFFE UND KORROSION, Issue 11 2005M.P. Brady Abstract This paper discusses strategies for controlling the surface chemistry and microstructure of materials to form protective and functional surfaces through controlled gas-metal reactions. Potential applications range from oxidation, corrosion, and wear resistance to electrochemical devices such as fuel cells to catalysts. Phenomenological examples are presented for coatings designed to self-grade under oxidizing conditions, and for the growth of simple and complex (binary and ternary) nitride and carbide phase surface layers by nitridation and carburization reactions. Specific systems discussed include environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) for Si-based ceramics such as Si3N4 and SiC, the growth of continuous, protective CrN/Cr2N, TiN, VN, NiNbVN, and related simple nitride layers on Fe- and Ni-base alloys, the possible formation of ternary nitride and carbide surface phases (e.g. Ti3AlC2 and related MAX-phases) on intermetallic surfaces to improve oxidation resistance, and the formation of composite near-surface structures in Ag-SiO2 and Co(Mo)-Co6Mo6C2 systems. [source] Evaluation of aluminide diffusion coatings for thermal cyclic oxidation protection of a nickel-base superalloyMATERIALS AND CORROSION/WERKSTOFFE UND KORROSION, Issue 10 2005A. Elsawy Abstract Active element modified aluminide diffusion coatings on IN738 substrates were produced by a new route using continuously cast, aluminum alloy wires consisting of Al-Y, Al-Ce, Al-La and Al-Si-Y. The cast wires were used as evaporation sources for ion-vapour deposition followed by diffusion heat treatments to form nickel aluminide coatings. In order to examine the oxidation resistance of these coatings at elevated temperatures, thermal cyclic oxidation experiments were carried out in air at 1050°C. While all coatings were found to provide significant protection, the Al-La modified coatings provided the greatest resistance to cyclic oxidation. On the other hand, with coatings based on Al-Si-Y alloys, while silicon has a strong ability to reduce the outward diffusion of aluminum, the adverse effect of silicon on mechanical properties of the coating, together with the formation of volatile silicon monoxide, led to catastrophic localized oxidation of the protective coatings. [source] Pulsed Nanocomposite TiAlN Coatings on Complex Shaped Tools for High Performance Cutting OperationsPLASMA PROCESSES AND POLYMERS, Issue S1 2007Kirsten Bobzin Abstract The demand on high profitability in cutting operations has led to a variety of requirements for high performance tool coatings. Nanostructured coatings have shown most promising results in this connection. High oxidation resistance, hot hardness, and loW friction are just a few benefits that these coatings offer. The deposition of nanostructured coatings is only possible within a small deposition process window. Most cutting tool surfaces are complex shaped and include, for instance, small corner radii at the cutting edge or chip breakers. The local process window and the deposition parameters must be adapted to the actual shape of the cutting tools in order to obtain a hard nanocomposite coating with adequate adhesion properties. Finally, the performance of these coatings has been studied in machining tests. [source] Improvement of Hardness and Toughness of TiAlN Coating by Nanoscale Multilayered Structurization with Si3N4PLASMA PROCESSES AND POLYMERS, Issue S1 2007Jong-Keuk Park Abstract The Ti(Al)-Si based nitride coating material has been studied due to its excellent mechanical properties such as hardness and oxidation resistance as in the Ti(Al)N/a-Si3N4 nanocomposites with high hardness over 50 GPa. In this study, the effect of microstructure, especially layer thickness of TiAlN and Si3N4 phase, on the mechanical properties of the TiAlN/Si3N4 nanoscale multilayered coating has been investigated. By nanoscale multilayered structurization with a thin Si3N4 layer (,0.3 nm), the hardness and toughness of TiAlN coating were greatly improved. It is known that for the TiAlN/Si3N4 nanoscale multilayered coatings, thickness of the Si3N4 layer is the most important factor and should be carefully controlled to obtain coatings with high hardness and toughness. [source] | ||||||||||