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Olfactory Detection (olfactory + detection)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

Olfactory detection of ozone and d -limonene: reactants in indoor spaces

INDOOR AIR, Issue 5 2007
W. S. Cain
First page of article [source]

Olfactory detection of human bladder cancer by dogs: proof of principle study

AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 11 2004
Wills CM et
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Olfactory Familiarization and Discrimination in Preterm and Full-Term Newborns

INFANCY, Issue 1 2002
Nathalie Goubet
The purpose of this study was to observe olfactory detection and discrimination in preterm and full-term newborns. Infants were familiarized for 10 trials with either vanillin or anethole. On each trial, a cotton swab perfumed with one of the odors was slowly moved in front of the baby's nose for 10 sec. For half of the preterm and full-term infants, a new odor was presented after the last familiarization trial (experimental groups). For the other half, the same odor as during familiarization was presented (control groups). Facial and head movements for both populations and heart rates for preterm infants were recorded before, during, and after odor presentation. Preterm infants reacted to the scents by increasing facial actions and heart rate but not head movements. Full-term infants increased facial and head movements. Neither population showed a clear behavioral habituation pattern, but full-term newborns had a significantly reduced facial reactivity on the last familiarization trial compared to preterm infants. Preterm newborns did, however, show cardiac habituation on the last familiarization trial. Preterm and full-term infants presented with a new odor after familiarization increased responding compared to infants presented with the same odor, indicating their ability to discriminate between 2 odors. Infants' reactivity and discrimination to odors indicate preterm and full-term newborns' ability to be attuned to their olfactory environment. [source]

Approaching risk assessment of complex disease development in horse chestnut trees: a chemical ecologist's perspective

JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 5 2008
A. B. Johne
Abstract The chemo-ecological predispositions were investigated for the development of a complex disease on the basis of an insect,fungus mutualism using the system of horse chestnuts (Aesculus hippocastanum and Aesculus x carnea), the horse chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella) and the biotrophic powdery mildew (Erysiphe flexuosa). Both C. ohridella and E. flexuosa can appear on the same horse chestnut leaf tissue simultaneously. The olfactory detection of fungal infection by the insect, its ability to discriminate the potentially mutualistic fungus from other fungi and the impact of fungal infection on insect oviposition were examined. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopic and electroantennographic detection by C. ohridella (GC-MS/EAD) was used to assess the olfactory detection of fungal-infected A. hippocastanum and A. x carnea leaves by C. ohridella. Infection-related compounds, such as benzyl alcohol, dodecane, tridecane and methyl salicylate as well as fungus-related C8 compounds, are perceived by C. ohridella. The discrimination of E. flexuosa from another phytopathogenic fungus, such as Guignardia aesculi, is based primarily on the differing pattern of C8 compounds of these fungi. Oviposition on fungal-infected leaves of A. hippocastanum and leaves treated with fungal-related compounds showed that C. ohridella is able to respond to the modifications in the leaf volatile profiles of horse chestnuts caused by the different fungal infections. Thus, from the perception point of view, the necessary predispositions for the development of a close insect,fungus relation between the biotrophic fungus E. flexuosa and the leaf-mining insect C. ohridella are fulfilled. However, decreased oviposition on infected leaves does not enhance the selective contact between the species. As a consequence, an important predisposition for forming an insect,fungus mutualism is not fulfilled by these two species and, according to this approach, the risk of forming a complex disease can be assessed as low. [source]