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Oil Rich (oil + rich)
Selected AbstractsPostprandial lipemic response to alpha-linolenic acid rich oil, butter, and olive oilEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 9 2010Julia Svensson Abstract Postprandial lipemia varies with composition of dietary fat due to partitioning of fatty acids between ,-oxidation, incorporation into TAG, and tissue lipids. Effects of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) are poorly characterized. Lipase-catalyzed transesterification was used to produce a novel ALA-oil (35% ALA) from rapeseed and linseed oil. We hypothesized a lower postprandial lipemic response with ALA-oil than with olive oil and butter due to higher ,-oxidation of ALA. A randomized crossover study with 26 healthy men compared the effects on plasma lipids 7,h after a breakfast containing 35,g ALA-rich oil, butter fat, or olive oil. The incremental area under curve for plasma TAG was lower with butter than with olive oil (34%, p<0.05) and ALA-oil (25%, ns). After ALA-oil percentage ALA increased, in TAG to a constant level of 7,mol% and in NEFA to 6% after 7,h. Since total NEFA increased with time the amount of exogenous ALA in NEFA also increased. Butter resulted in lower postprandial lipemia than the oils, the difference exceeding what is expected from the presence of short and medium chain fatty acids in butter. There was a considerable recirculation of ALA into the NEFA pool available for oxidation. Practical application: Enzymatic transesterification was used to produce a dietary oil rich in ALA. By randomizing the partitioning of ALA more evenly between the TAG molecules the risk of oxidation could be reduced. Analyses showed that the ALA-oil was stable during storage for at least 3 months. Enzymatic transesterification could be used as an advantageous method to design an ALA rich dietary oil with new properties regarding fatty acid composition, susceptibility to oxidation, and effects on blood lipids. [source] Efficient stabilization of bulk fish oil rich in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acidsEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 4 2008Stephan Drusch Abstract The aim of the present study was to systematically investigate the possibilities of stabilizing a bulk oil rich in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids under ambient conditions. Combinations of different antioxidants (,-, ,- and/or ,-tocopherol, rosmarinic acid and rosemary extract rich in carnosic acid) as well as lecithin and citric acid were systematically investigated. Efficient stabilization was achieved by choosing a combination of tocopherols rich in ,- or ,-tocopherol and low in ,-tocopherol, by including tocopherol-sparing synergists like ascorbyl palmitate and carnosic acid from rosemary extract and metal-chelating agents. For carnosic acid, a concentration of 400,mg/kg oil provides sufficient protection; the concentration of the metal chelator should be adapted to the concentration of metal ions present in the oil. As an alternative ingredient with metal-chelating and tocopherol-sparing activity, lecithin may be included in the formulation, but its poor solubility in bulk oils limits its use. [source] Chemical composition of the essential oil of nine Eucalyptus species growing in MoroccoFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2004S. Zrira Abstract The essential oils obtained by steam distillation from the leaves of nine Eucalyptus species (E. cinerea F. Muell., E. baueriana F. Muell., E. smithii R. T. Baker, E. bridgesiana R. T. Baker, E. microtheca F. Muell., E. foecunda Schau., E. pulverulenta Sims, E. propinqua Deane and Maiden, E. erythrocorys F. Muell.) of Moroccan origin have been analysed using GC and GC,MS. A total of 83 constituents were identi,ed. All the species investigated were found to possess an oil rich in 1,8-cineole (>68%). In ,ve species (E. cinerea F. Muell., E. baueriana F. Muell., E. smithii R. T. Baker, E. bridgesiana R. T. Baker and E. microtheca F. Muell.), the 1,8-cineole content exceeded 80%. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Dietary seed oil rich in conjugated linolenic acid from bitter melon inhibits azoxymethane-induced rat colon carcinogenesis through elevation of colonic PPAR, expression and alteration of lipid compositionINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 6 2004Hiroyuki Kohno Abstract Our previous short-term experiment demonstrated that seed oil from bitter melon (Momordica charantia) (BMO), which is rich in cis(c)9, trans(t)11, t13 -conjugated linolenic acid (CLN), inhibited the development of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF). In our study, the possible inhibitory effect of dietary administration of BMO on the development of colonic neoplasms was investigated using an animal colon carcinogenesis model initiated with a colon carcinogen AOM. Male F344 rats were given subcutaneous injections of AOM (20 mg/kg body weight) once a week for 2 weeks to induce colon neoplasms. They also received diets containing 0.01%, 0.1% or 1% BMO for 32 weeks, starting 1 week before the first dosing of AOM. At the termination of the study (32 weeks), AOM induced 83% incidence (15/18 rats) of colonic adenocarcinoma. Dietary supplementation with 0.01% and 0.1% BMO caused significant reduction in the incidence (47% inhibition by 0.01% BMO, p<0.02; 40% inhibition by 0.1% BMO, p<0.05; and 17% inhibition by 1% BMO) and the multiplicity (64% inhibition by 0.01% BMO, p<0.005; 58% inhibition by 0.1% BMO, p<0.02; and 48% inhibition by 1% BMO, p<0.05) of colonic adenocarcinoma, though a clear dose response was not observed. Such inhibition was associated with the increased content of CLA (c9,t11-18:2) in the lipid composition in colonic mucosa and liver. Also, BMO administration in diet enhanced expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) , protein in the nonlesional colonic mucosa. These findings suggest that BMO rich in CLN can suppress AOM-induced colon carcinogenesis and the inhibition might be caused, in part, by modification of lipid composition in the colon and liver and/or increased expression of PPAR, protein level in the colon mucosa. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Clinical effects of undershirts coated with borage oil on children with atopic dermatitis: A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trialTHE JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 12 2007Shoko KANEHARA ABSTRACT It has been reported that ,-linolenic acid contained in borage oil is effective against atopic dermatitis. The clinical effects of undershirts coated with borage oil rich in ,-linolenic acid on atopic dermatitis were evaluated. Thirty-two children, aged 1,10 years, were involved in the clinical control study. Sixteen had worn undershirts coated with borage oil everyday for 2 weeks, and 16 had worn non-coated undershirts as a placebo. Their symptoms were assessed on a 4-point scale. Those children who had worn undershirts coated with borage oil for 2 weeks showed improvements in their erythema and itch, which were statistically significant. Transepidermal water loss from the back was decreased. In the placebo group, there were no statistically significant differences. The undershirts coated with borage oil were found to be statistically effective, and had no side-effects on children with mild atopic dermatitis. [source] Arachidonic acid, arachidonic/eicosapentaenoic acid ratio, stearidonic acid and eicosanoids are involved in dietary-induced albinism in Senegal sole (Solea senegalensis)AQUACULTURE NUTRITION, Issue 2 2008M. VILLALTA Abstract Senegal sole larvae were fed live prey enriched with different amounts of arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) to re-evaluate the effect of these two fatty acids on flatfish pigmentation. Echium oil, a plant-derived oil rich in gamma-linolenic acid (18:3n-6) and stearidonic acid (18:4n-3) was also used as a component of one of the enrichment emulsions. Although ARA content did not have any effect on growth there was a clear influence on pigmentation that correlated clearly with prostaglandin production. Inclusion of Echium oil, on the contrary, exerted a positive effect on pigmentation rate even though dietary ARA levels were as high as in the other emulsions. The relationships between dietary ARA levels and dietary ARA/EPA ratio, prostaglandin production and pigmentation are discussed. [source] Phytosterols,what plant breeders should focus onJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 9 2001Tatu A Miettinen Abstract The present paper compares effects of plant stanol and sterol esters on metabolism of cholesterol and plant sterols in studies designed to lower serum cholesterol in man. The ultimate aim is to emphasize factors on which plant breeders should focus when trying to develop new nutritionally interesting plant products for effective lowering of serum cholesterol and plant sterol levels. The findings indicate that fat solubility of phytostanol esters followed by their effective intestinal hydrolysis, preferentially of unsaturated fatty acid esters, allows sufficient micellar solubilization of unesterified plant stanols for prevention of cholesterol and plant sterol absorption, and subsequent lowering of their serum concentrations. Plant sterol esters apparently result in similar changes but, in contrast to stanol esters, increase their own absorption. Resulting increased serum plant sterol levels could occasionally approach values seen in phytosterolemia, a strongly atherogenic hereditary metabolic abnormality. Thus, plants producing oils rich in plant stanols esterified with unsaturated fatty aids would be preferable for preparation of functional foods with roughly 2,g/day of plant stanols in reasonable low amounts of calories. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry. [source] Spontaneous Spawning of Captive Red Snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, and Dietary Lipid Effect on Reproductive PerformanceJOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY, Issue 3 2008Nikolaos Papanikos Two experiments addressed the spontaneous spawning of red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, under controlled temperatures and photoperiods and the effect of broodstock diets supplemented with oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. In Experiment 1, broodfish were fed a standard diet (ST1) and one enriched with menhaden oil (ER1) over a 355-d period. ER1-influenced egg fatty acid profile, however, did not positively influence egg production. Both diets produced highly viable eggs and larvae but results varied within treatments. In Experiment 2, broodfish were fed either a standard diet (ST2) or one supplemented with oils (ER2) rich in docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid using a 203-d cycle. Both treatments produced eggs but fertilization rates ranged 0,10%. There was no clear influence of the diets on egg fatty acid profiles. These results indicate that red snapper can spawn spontaneously in tanks under controlled environmental conditions and produce viable eggs and larvae when fed diets based on squid, shrimp, and fish. The fatty acid composition of the diets was reflected in the eggs to some degree, but the oil enrichments did not further enhance the reproductive performance and egg quality under the conditions of this study. [source] Dietary fiber, low-molecular-weight food constituents and colo-rectal inflammation in animal models , A reviewMOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH (FORMERLY NAHRUNG/FOOD), Issue 10 2009Dieter Schrenk Abstract This review provides an overview over studies in experimental animals aimed at elucidating the influence of dietary constituents on colo-rectal inflammation. Human studies as well as in vitro investigations will not be covered. In experimental animals, a variety of chemical treatments and genetic modifications, lead to various types of gut inflammation. In a number of these models, there is good evidence for an anti-inflammatory action of dietary tocopherols, certain polyphenols, and curcumin at relatively high oral doses. It has also been established, that oral application of fats and oils rich in n-3 PUFAs and/or conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) can attenuate certain types of colitis in experimental animal models. While the effect of dietary calcium on experimental colitis is less clear, there are hints indicating that certain high-fiber diets or diets rich in digestion-resistant carbohydrates ("fiber") can attenuate experimental colitis in animals, although contradictory results have been reported. In summary, the anti-inflammatory potency of dietary constituents on colon inflammation in experimental animals seems to be rather limited. The reasons for this lack of activity seem to be manifold including pharmacokinetic limitations and intestinal degradation of the compounds, in particular insufficient local, i. e., intra- or sub-mucosal levels of the effective compounds, and general limitations of animal models. [source] Terpenoid profiles of in vitro regenerated Artemisia petrosa subsp. eriantha (Apennines' genepě),ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY, Issue 2 2010Loretta Pace Artemisia petrosa subsp. eriantha is a protected species whose essential oil is of great interest mainly for liqueur industry; it was micropropagated by in vitro culture technique followed by transfer to field. The content and the characteristics of the essential oils from regenerated plants collected after 1 and 2 years of field growing and from regenerated plants grown ,in situ' were assessed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and compared with those of wild plants. Results indicate that in vitro propagated plants produce oils rich in sesquiterpenes. Forty seven compounds were identified, the main constituents being , - and , -thujone, whose content increased with the plant age. Quantitative, but not qualitative variations were observed both in wild and in micropropagated plants in relation with plant age and environmental factors. Thus, micropropagation provides plants suitable for the industrial exploitation of this species. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||