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Oil Palm (oil + palm)
Terms modified by Oil Palm Selected AbstractsOIL PALM: Cameroon, NigeriaAFRICA RESEARCH BULLETIN: ECONOMIC, FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL SERIES, Issue 2 2010Article first published online: 1 APR 2010 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Vulnerability, Control and Oil Palm in Sarawak: Globalization and a New Era?DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE, Issue 2 2002Fadzilah Majid Cooke In the post logging era, Sarawak is being restructured to make way for large-scale oil palm plantations. In this restructuring, the vulnerabilities of particular areas are being used in a wider battle to control production, particularly for export. Native customary lands, considered ,unproductive' or ,idle' by officials, are the target of oil palm plantation development under a new land development programme called Konsep Baru (New Concept). This article looks at the contradictions generated by the complex process of laying claims to ,idle' native customary land and focuses on Dayak organizing initiatives in northern Sarawak, Malaysia. [source] Changes in 13C/12C of oil palm leaves to understand carbon use during their passage from heterotrophy to autotrophy,RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, Issue 16 2009Emmanuelle Lamade The carbon isotope composition of leaf bulk organic matter was determined on the tropical tree Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (oil palm) in North Sumatra (Indonesia) to get a better understanding of the changes in carbon metabolism during the passage from heterotrophy to autotrophy of the leaves. Leaf soluble sugar (sucrose, glucose and fructose) contents, stomatal conductance and dark respiration, as well as leaf chlorophyll and nitrogen contents, were also investigated. Different growing stages were sampled from leaf rank ,6 to rank 57. The mean values for the ,13C of bulk organic matter were ,29.01,±,0.9, for the leaflets during the autotrophic stage, ,27.87,±,1.08, for the petioles and ,28.17,±,1.09, for the rachises, which are in the range of expected values for a C3 plant. The differences in ,13C among leaf ranks clearly revealed the changes in the origin of the carbon source used for leaf growth. Leaves were 13C-enriched at ranks below zero (around ,27,). During this period, the ,spear' leaves were completely heterotrophic and reserves from storage organs were mobilised for the growth of these young emerging leaves. 13C-depletion was then observed when the leaf was expanding at rank 1, and there was a continuous decrease during the progressive passage from heterotrophy until reaching full autotrophy. Thereafter, the ,13C remained more or less constant at around ,29.5,. Changes in sugar content and in ,13C related to leaf ranks showed an interesting similarity of the passage from heterotrophy to autotrophy of oil palm leaves to the budburst of some temperate trees or seed germination reported in the literature. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Variety diversity effect on the chemical composition and dry matter degradation characteristics of residue and by-products of oil palm fruitsANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, Issue 3 2009Musibau Adungbe BAMIKOLE ABSTRACT The materials palm press fibre (PPF), palm calyx (PCL) and palm oil sludge (POS) obtained from three varieties of oil palm: dura, oleifera and tenera were investigated for the effect of variety on their nutritive value. Analysis of proximate composition, cell wall fractions, some mineral concentration as well as in-situ dry matter degradation in the rumen of steers were carried out. Significant effects of materials (i.e. PPF, PCL and POS) as well as variety (i.e. dura, oleifera and tenera) were noticed in all the parameters studied except sodium (Na) and organic matter (OM) components. Crude protein (CP) values in all the varieties were lowest in PCL (3.15,5.48%) and highest in POS (9.02,10.02%), while crude fibre (CF) values were highest in PCL (33.00,46.19%) and lowest in POS (3.15,5.48%). The upper and lower values respectively for CP and CF in the materials were in most cases for the tenera variety. The cell wall fractions (NDF, ADF, Lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose) were all higher in PCL and lowest in POS. In the three varieties, POS had highest concentration of Mg (0.117,0.231 g/100 g), K (1.21,2.33 g/100 g) and Cu (75.07,87.34 mg/kg) but lowest content of Ca (0.016,0.089 g/100 g) while PPF had lowest concentration of Mg (0.031,0.039 g/100 g) and Cu (20.96,22.28 mg/kg). Iron (Fe, mg/kg) values were generally high, but highest in PCL (2015.41,4042.16). Dry matter degradability and effective degradability values were best in POS irrespective of the variety and least in PCL. Among the three varieties, dry matter degradation characteristics of tenera were the best and oleifera the least. Generally the residue and by-products irrespective of the variety of oil palm they are obtained from can be ranked for their nutritive value as POS > PPF > PCL, while nutritive ranking based on variety is tenera > dura > oleifera. Conclusively, POS and PPF from any variety of oil palm could be adopted directly as feed resources for ruminant livestock, while PCL will require hydrolytic nutritive value enhancement treatment. Ruminant livestock will however be at an advantage if materials from tenera variety are fed. [source] Tree crop smallholders, capitalism, and adat: Studies in Riau Province1, IndonesiaASIA PACIFIC VIEWPOINT, Issue 3 2004Lesley Potter Abstract:,This paper examines the extent to which traditional techniques and practices remain current among a sub-set of Indonesian tree crop smallholders. Village-based studies of independent oil palm and rubber smallholders in Riau (Sumatra) indicate that bio-diverse ,jungle rubber' and multi-cropping techniques still exist, but primarily as components of farmers' coping strategies under low commodity prices. A further strategy, seeking income from non-agrarian sources, notably ,illegal' logging and land sales to migrants, partially fits Rigg's ,deagrarianisation' thesis, though his suggestion that the farm household has become a mere ,shell' is not substantiated. The lack of full legalisation of tenure constrains full capitalist development but does not impede land sales. Land seizures during the Suharto period reduced belief in the efficacy of customary (adat) law, though adat has retained importance in dispute resolution and as a cultural framework. New structures of village governance following decentralisation have so far had minimal impact in either empowering villagers or dispossessing elites. [source] Detection of Coconut cadang-cadang viroid sequences in oil and coconut palm by ribonuclease protection assayANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY, Issue 1 2009G. Vadamalai Abstract A ribonuclease protection assay (RPA) has been developed for detecting Coconut cadang-cadang viroid (CCCVd) sequences. An RNA probe complementary to full-length CCCVd246 was used, terminating at nucleotide 65 in the upper conserved region, and linked to a non-viroid 5, sequence, which acted as an internal control for ribonuclease activity. Extracts from CCCVd-infected coconut (Cocos nucifera) and African oil (Elaeis guineensis) palms protected three major fragments of approximately 250, 125 and 50 nt and a variable number of minor fragments. Extracts of healthy coconut palms, Potato spindle tuber viroid -infected tomato and transfer RNA did not protect the probe. The approximately 250 nt fragment is predicted to indicate the presence of monomers and dimers of circular CCCVd246, linear CCCVd246 with the same termini as the probe and point mutants of these forms. The origin of smaller protected fragments is discussed. RPA-detected CCCVd sequences in 13 of 18 oil palms surveyed in a commercial plantation in Malaysia. Signal intensity varied between the positive oil palms and was generally lower than in coconut palms infected with CCCVd. An infection phenotype was implied but not confirmed by the observation that in a group of 10 oil palms with orange leaf spotting, 9 contained CCCVd, whereas in a group of 8 palms without orange spotting, the viroid was detected in 4. Of four coconut palms in Sri Lanka shown by dot-blot assay to contain CCCVd-related RNA, one was shown by RPA to be positive for the CCCVd246 sequence. RPA is therefore a robust and sensitive test for CCCVd sequences, and our results show that sequences closely related to CCCVd246 are not confined to the Philippines. [source] | |||||||||||||