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Oils Isolated (oil + isolated)
Kinds of Oils Isolated Selected AbstractsSupercritical carbon dioxide extraction of volatiles from Satureja fruticosa BéguinotFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 5 2007J. A. Coelho Abstract Dried flowers and leaves of Satureja fruticosa Béguinot were submitted to supercritical CO2 extraction (SFE), followed by a two-stage fractional separation. The extraction was carried out at 40 °C in a flow apparatus, provided with a 1 l extraction vessel and two separators of 0.27 l each. Conditions of extraction, such as pressure, particle size of plant material and CO2 flow rate, were studied in order to assess their influence on the yield and composition of the volatiles. The best conditions of extraction were 90 bar pressure at 1.32 kg/h CO2 flow rate and a plant material particle size of 0.5 mm. The SFE volatiles obtained and the essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation (HD) were analysed and compared by GC and GC,MS. The oxygen-containing monoterpenes, pulegone (33,36% for SFE and 40,41% for HD), isomenthone (14,18% for SFE and 21% for HD), piperitenone (11,12% for SFE and 9,11% for HD) and piperitenone oxide (11,13% for SFE and 7,9% for HD) were the dominant components in all samples. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Enrichment of the thymoquinone content in volatile oil from Satureja montana using supercritical fluid extractionJOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, JSS, Issue 2 2009Clara Grosso Abstract Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of the volatile oil from Satureja montana L. was performed under different conditions of pressure (90 and 100 bar), temperature (40 and 50°C), mean particle sizes (0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mm) and CO2 flow rate (0.8, 1.1 and 1.3 kg/h) to understand the influence of these parameters on the composition and yield of this oil. The results were compared with those obtained for the essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation (HD). The volatile and the essential oil were analysed by GC and GC-MS. The main compounds are carvacrol (52.2,62.0% for HD vs. 41.7,64.5% for SFE), thymol (8.6,11.0% for HD vs. 6.0,11.3% for SFE), p -cymene (6.9,12.8% for HD vs. 6.0,17.8% for SFE), ,-terpinene (6.4,9.4% for HD vs. 2.3,6.0% for SFE) and ,-bisabolene (2.0,2.7% for HD vs. 2.2,3.5% for SFE). The major difference between SFE and HD was the relative amount of thymoquinone, an oxygenated monoterpene with important biological activities, which can be ten-fold higher in volatile oil (1.6,3.0 for SFE vs. 0.2% for HD). The morphology of the glandular trichomes of S. montana and the effect of the grinding process on them was also evaluated by SEM. [source] Antioxidant activity of six Portuguese thyme species essential oils,FLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 3 2010S. Anahi Dandlen Abstract The essential oils of Thymus caespititius, T. camphoratus, T. capitellatus, T. carnosus, T. pulegioides, T. zygis subsp. zygis and T. zygis subsp. sylvestris collected in different regions of Portugal, including the Azores islands, were evaluated for preventing lipid peroxidation and scavenging free radicals, and hydroxyl and superoxide anions. T. zygis subsp. zygis oil possessed the best capacity for preventing lipid peroxidation (IC50 = 0.030 ± 0.003,mg/ml), immediately followed by the oils isolated from T. zygis subsp. sylvestris collected in different regions of Portugal. IC50 values ranged from 0.066 ± 0.003 to 0.087 ± 0.001,mg/ml in oils isolated from samples from Alcanena and Duas Igrejas, respectively. The oils isolated from T. zygis subsp. sylvestris, independent of the harvesting region, were shown to be the most effective for scavenging free radicals (0.358,0.453,mg/ml). The best capacity for scavenging hydroxyl radicals was found in the oils of T. camphoratus collected in Espartal and of T. caespititius of Lordelo, with IC50 < 0.5,mg/ml. The low oil amount did not allow IC50 values for the superoxide anion scavenging determination, therefore considering a unique oil concentration (5,mg/ml), the highest inhibition percentages (?50%) were registered with the essential oils of T. zygis subsp. sylvestris from Duas Igrejas and Covăo do Coelho, and of T. capitellatus from Sines. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Volatile constituents of essential oils isolated at different growth stages from three Conyza species growing in GreeceFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 4 2005O. Tzakou Abstract The essential oils isolated at vegetative, flowering and flowering,fruiting stages of three Conyza species growing in Greece were analysed by GC,MS; 54 constituents were identified. The oils of C. albida were rich in limonene (10.0,21.1%), germacrene D (10.5,20.2%) and cis -lachnophyllum ester (8.8,36.5%). The oils of C. bonariensis were rich in limonene (8.3,15.1%), (E)- , -ocimene (11.5,18.9%), cis -lachnophyllum ester (10.8,21.2%) and matricaria ester (9.4,17.5%). The oils of C. canadensis were rich in limonene (50.0,70.3%) and (E)- , -ocimene (4.0,7.5%). The oils showed significant variations among the growth stages. These variations can be used for distinguishing the three species. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Composition and antifungal activity of essential oils isolated from Hypericum hyssopifolium and Hypericum heterophyllumFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 1 2004A. Cakir Abstract The composition of the hydrodistilled essential oils obtained from the aerial parts of Hypericum hyssopifolium subsp. elongatum var. elongatum and H. heterophyllum Vent. were analysed by means of GC and GC,MS, and 66 compounds were determined in total. The oils showed remarkable differences in chemical composition. The oil of H. hyssopifolium, which is rich in monoterpenes, consists primarily of , -pinene (57.3%), , -pinene (9.0%), limonene (6.2%) and , -phellandrene (4.4%). The oil of H. heterophyllum was a complex mixture consisting mainly of sesquiterpenes (72.9% of the total oil). In this oil, isocaryophyllene (17.1%), , -pinene (11.6%), , -cadinene (9.5%), , -muurolene (8.2%), n -decane (5.8%), , -cadinene (5.5%) and , -caryophyllene (4.5%) were found to be major constituents. The two essential oils were tested for antifungal activity using microbial growth inhibition assays in vitro against 10 agricultural pathogenic fungi, which consisted of ,ve Fusarium species (F. oxysporum, F. culmorum, F. sambucinum, F. solani and F. acuminatum) and ,ve anastomosis groups of Rhizoctonia solani (AG-3, AG-4, AG-5, AG-9 and AG-11). In general, the oils showed moderate activity against several fungal species, viz F. acuminatum, AG-5 and AG-11. The most signi,cant results were obtained against AG-11 for H. heterophyllum oil. However, both oils increased the growth of some fungal species. In addition, the antifungal activity of 13 pure compounds identi,ed as major components in the essential oils of the Hypericum species studied were determined using microbial growth inhibition assays against the 10 fungal species mentioned above. Among these compounds, both , -caryophyllene oxide and , -terpineol were inhibitory to the growth of all fungi. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Composition of the volatile oils isolated from the leaves of Liquidambar orientalis Mill. var. orientalis and L. orientalis var. integriloba from TurkeyFLAVOUR AND FRAGRANCE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2002Mehmet Emin Duru Abstract The volatile oils isolated by three different methods (hydrodistillation, steam distillation and extraction,steam distillation) from the aerial parts of Liquidambar orientalis var. orientalis and L. orientalis var. integriloba were analysed by GC and GC,MS. This study allowed the identification of 41, 35 and 36 constituents in the oils obtained from var. orientalis and 43, 41 and 40 constituents in the oils obtained from var. integriloba by hydrodistillation, steam distillation and extraction,steam distillation, respectively. They were characterized by the presence of a high proportion of oxygen-containing monoterpenes, amounting to 39% in the hydrodistillation oil, 54% in the steam distillation oil and 50% in the extraction,steam distillation oil of var. orientalis; 50% in the hydrodistillation oil, 64% in the steam distillation oil and 37% in the extraction,steam distillation oil of var. integriloba. Two varieties of L. orientalis provided volatile oils with a high content of terpinen-4-ol, ,-terpineol, sabinene, ,-pinene, viridiflorene and germacrene D and a lower percentage of other components. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The relationship between the chemical composition of three essential oils and their insecticidal activity against Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say)PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE (FORMERLY: PESTICIDE SCIENCE), Issue 5 2004Dimitrios P Papachristos Abstract The chemical composition of the essential oils isolated from various parts of three Greek aromatic plants (Lavandula hybrida Rev, Rosmarinus officinalis L and Eucalyptus globulus Labill) collected at different seasons was determined by GC/MS analysis. The insecticidal action of these oils and of their main constituents on Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) adults was evaluated and their LC50 values were estimated. All essential oils tested exhibited strong activity against A obtectus adults, with varying LC50 values depending on insect sex and the composition of the essential oils. A correlation between total oxygenated monoterpenoid content and activity was observed, with oxygenated compounds exhibiting higher activity than hydrocarbons. Among the main constituents, only linalyl and terpinyl acetate were not active against A obtectus, while all the others exhibited insecticidal activity against both male and female adults, with LC50 values ranging from 0.8 to 47.1 mg litre,1 air. An attempt to correlate the insecticidal activity to the monoterpenoid's structure is presented, and the difference in sensitivity between male and female individuals is also explored. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Effects of Athamanta turbith fruit essential oils on CCl4 -induced hepatic failure in mice and their antioxidant propertiesPHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, Issue 5 2010Abstract The effects of essential oils isolated from mature fruits of Athamanta turbith ssp. hungarica (Borbás) Tutin and A. turbith ssp. haynaldii (Borbás & Uechtr.) Tutin (Umbelliferae) on some liver biochemical parameters in mice intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride were investigated. Pretreatment with both essential oils extenuated the effects caused by carbon tetrachloride. In order to investigate in vitro antioxidant properties of the oils, three methods were applied: scavenging of both 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and OH radicals, as well as a test of inhibition of Fe2+/ascorbic-induced lipid peroxidation. Investigated essential oils exhibited modest antioxidant capacity. Therefore, their influence on biochemical parameters in intoxicated animals might be linked to the inhibition of enzymes (cytochrome P450 2E1) involved in metabolic activation of halomethanes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] An integrated simultaneous distillation,extraction apparatus for the extraction of essential oils from herb materials and its application in Flos MagnoliaeBIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY, Issue 3 2010Yuhui Wei Abstract A large number of herb materials contain essential oils with extensive bioactivities. In this work, an integrated simultaneous distillation,extraction (ISDE) apparatus was developed. To demonstrate its feasibility, the performance of ISDE was evaluated for the extraction of essential oil from Flos Magnoliae and compared with conventional techniques including steam distillation (SD) and simultaneous distillation,extraction (SDE). According to the product yield, the time consumed and the composition of oil, the essential oils isolated by ISDE were better than that obtained by SD and similar to those obtained by SDE. ISDE was also better than SDE due to its simple operation and lower consumption of energy and organic solvent. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Vibrational spectroscopic studies to acquire a quality control method of Eucalyptus essential oils,BIOPOLYMERS, Issue 5 2005M. Baranska Abstract This article presents a novel and original approach to analyze in situ the main components of Eucalyptus oil by means of Raman spectroscopy. The obtained two-dimensional Raman maps demonstrate a unique possibility to study the essential oil distribution in the intact plant tissue. Additionally, Fourier Transform (FT)-Raman and attenuated total reflection (ATR)-IR spectra of essential oils isolated from several Eucalyptus species by hydrodistillation are presented. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were performed in order to interpret the spectra of the essential oils of the Eucalyptus species. It is shown that the main components of the essential oils can be recognized by both vibrational spectroscopic techniques using the spectral information of the pure terpenoids. Spectroscopic analysis is based on the key bands of the individual volatile substances and therefore allows one to discriminate different essential oil profiles of several Eucalyptus species. It has been found that the presented spectroscopic data correlate very well with those obtained by gas chromatography (GC) analysis. All these investigations are helpful tools to generate a fast and easy method to control the quality of the essential oils with vibrational spectroscopic techniques in combination with DFT calculations. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 78: 237,248, 2005 [source] | ||||||||||