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Oil Crops (oil + crop)
Selected AbstractsGroundnut consumption frequency in GhanaINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSUMER STUDIES, Issue 6 2008Curtis M. Jolly Abstract Groundnut (peanut) is an important food and oil crop in Ghana, but little is known about the factors influencing consumption. The study surveyed market participants; investigated the frequency and forms of groundnut consumed; and evaluated the factors influencing consumers' decisions to eat groundnuts in Ghana. About 80% of respondents consume groundnut and/or its products at least once a week and 32.0% consume it three times a week. Logistic models showed that age, education and the form in which groundnuts are consumed influence the frequency of groundnut consumption. Total revenue and the form in which groundnut is eaten influence farmers consumption decision whereas groundnut consumption by poultry farmers is influenced by knowledge of the health effects of groundnuts on birds and the form in which groundnut is eaten by the poultry producers. Processors' frequency of consumption is influenced by the form in which groundnut is consumed and their knowledge of reasons for sorting. The results are important for market segmentation for demand projection along the marketing chain. [source] Studies on eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) of Australia: A new genus and seven new species associated with tea trees, Melaleuca spp. (Myrtaceae)AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 3 2003Danuta K Knihinicki Abstract One new genus and seven new species of eriophyoid mites from Australia are described and illustrated. Scutalophus mallacootensis gen. and sp. n., Calepitrimerus maddoxi sp. n., Aculus campbelli sp. n. and Phyllocoptes ballinensis sp. n. are all free-living vagrants on Melaleuca alternifolia, an important essential oil crop in which Eriophyes melaleucae (Keifer) severely distorts the new growth. A redescription of E. melaleucae is supplemented with an illustration of the male genitalia. In addition, C. maddoxi sp. n. occurs on Melaleuca linariifolia in association with E. melaleucae. Scutalophus mallacootensis gen. and sp. n. also inhabits Melaleuca armillaris along with Eriophyes armillaris sp. n. Eriophyes quinquenerviae sp. n. forms round, pepper-shot galls on foliage of Melaleuca quinquenervia and Eriophyes leucadendrae sp. n. builds elongated, ridge-like galls on leaves of Melaleuca leucadendra. [source] SOFA database temporarily out of orderEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 6 2010Kurt Aitzetmüller Readers are informed about temporary problems with the database "Seed Oil Fatty Acids" (SOFA). Because industrial oil crops with unusual fatty acids are currently a hot research field, many requests for information reached the author, particularly often from ICON-Partners worldwide (http://icon.slu.se/ICON/Part icon.htm). SOFA should be online again later in 2010. The nature of SOFA and some potential applications of SOFA are briefly discussed. [source] Environmental and Varietal Influences on the Fatty Acid Composition of Rapeseed, Soybeans and SunflowersJOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE, Issue 1 2010M. Werteker Abstract The fatty acid (FA) composition of oil crops is of some importance under technological as well as under nutritional aspects. The influence of temperature on this parameter in rapeseed, soybeans and sunflowers was investigated under practical agricultural conditions, whereby varietal variations were taken into account. The analysed plant material originated from variety testing trials located in different climatic zones of Austria. As a measure of the climatic conditions of a location, the mean temperature of the last 30 days before harvest was calculated. Despite the low temperature differences between the various locations, moderate but significant negative correlations between temperature and the share of linolenic (18 : 3), respectively, linoleic (18 : 2) acid on the whole quantity of FAs in rapeseed (R² = 0.18,0.42), soybeans (R² = 0.11,0.13) and sunflowers (R² = 0.15) were found. Furthermore, there was a good negative correlation in the case of sunflower seeds between temperature and oil level (R² = 0.45). The environmental influence on the share of polyunsaturated FAs differed between the different species. The results show that quality of vegetable oils is as well a question of environment as of variety. [source] Walnut Staminate Flowers Can Be Explored as a Supplementary Plant Oil SourceJOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY, Issue 4 2006Husen Jia Abstract Fossil fuel is currently the major energy source driving global socio-economy, but its stock is being heavily depleted due to increasing anthropogenic activities worldwide. There are also concerns regarding the burning of fossil fuels, which contributes to global climate warming and air pollution. As such, the development of biodiesel as a non-toxic, biodegradable, and renewable alternative energy source using oil crops such as soybean and rapeseed has quickly emerged in the West countries. However, the production of oil crops in China is far from sufficient to meet the demands of the country's population of 1.3 billion, and increasing oil crop production is inhibited by a severe shortage of agricultural land, which currently averages 0.2 acre per person and, as such, is less than half the world average. The current national policy in China regarding land use is more towards revering cultivated lands in ravins and hills to forestry, which presents an ideal opportunity to further develop plantations of walnut (Juglans regia L.) trees, a plant that is tolerant to drought and infertile soils and has a high oil content. Study in this paper shows that one ament of walnut staminate flowers produces about 0.168 g dry pollen, and the dry pollen contained 49.67% oil. Based on this discovery, oil yield obtained from staminate flowers is estimated to reach 6.95% of that from walnut nuts. Thus walnut staminate flower is suggested to explore as supplementary plant oil source, and has a great opportunity to utilize as a biodiesel feedstock. (Managing editor: Wei Wang) [source] Inheritance of very high linoleic acid content and its relationship with nuclear male sterility in safflowerPLANT BREEDING, Issue 5 2008Y. A. S. Hamdan Abstract Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) possesses the highest amount of linoleic acid among the 10 major vegetable oil crops of the world. Very high linoleic acid content is controlled by recessive alleles at a single locus Li. However, deviated segregations from the expected monogenic inheritance have been observed in crosses involving nuclear male-sterile (NMS) lines. The present research was undertaken to study the inheritance of very high linoleic acid content in safflower and its relationship with nuclear male sterility. F1, F2, F3, BC1F1 and BC1F2 seed generations were evaluated in a cross between CR-142 (a line with very high linoleic acid content, 88%) and CL1 (an NMS line with wild-type linoleic acid content, 74%). The genetics of linoleic acid content in male-sterile plants was determined by testcrossing with CR-142. The results confirmed monogenic inheritance. The analysis of the F3 and BC1F2 to CL1 seed generations demonstrated a repulsion-phase linkage between Li and Ms loci, the latter conferring the NMS trait. The recombination rate between Li and Ms was estimated to be 0.09. [source] The soybean Dof-type transcription factor genes, GmDof4 and GmDof11, enhance lipid content in the seeds of transgenic Arabidopsis plantsTHE PLANT JOURNAL, Issue 4 2007Hui-Wen Wang Summary Soybean is one of the most important leguminous seed crops among the oil crops. Although the pathways for lipid biosynthesis have been identified, the factors that regulate the biosynthetic pathways at the transcriptional level are largely unknown. Here, we report our findings on the involvement of soybean Dof-type transcription factor genes in the regulation of the lipid content in soybean seeds. We identified 28 Dof-type transcription factor genes in soybean plants, and these genes displayed diverse patterns of expression in various organs. Seven flower/pod-specific genes and one constitutively expressed gene were further investigated. The proteins encoded by these seven genes were localized in the nucleus, and exhibited different abilities for transcriptional activation and DNA binding. Two genes, GmDof4 and GmDof11, were found to increase the content of total fatty acids and lipids in GmDof4 and GmDof11 transgenic Arabidopsis seeds. We also found that the 1000-seed weight was increased in the GmDof4 and GmDof11 transgenic plants. Using microarray and DNA binding analysis, we found that the two Dof-like proteins, GmDof4 and GmDof11, activated the acetyl CoA carboxylase gene and long-chain-acyl CoA synthetase gene, respectively, by direct binding to the cis -DNA elements in their promoter regions. In addition, both proteins downregulated the storage protein gene, CRA1, through direct binding. These results suggest that the two GmDof genes may augment the lipid content of soybean seeds by upregulating genes that are associated with the biosynthesis of fatty acids. [source] | ||||||||||