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Nutritive Quality (nutritive + quality)
Selected AbstractsSensory and Nutritive Qualities of FoodJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 3 2000Tung-Ching Lee Coverage of original research on flavor, color, and texture assessment, both quantitative and subjective; nutritional properties; nutraceuticals; and quality attributes as influenced by processing/storage/packagingf [source] The effect of Calluna vulgaris cover on the performance and intake of ewes grazing hill pastures in northern SpainGRASS & FORAGE SCIENCE, Issue 4 2000K. Osoro The effect of the proportion of Calluna vulgaris cover on diet composition, intake and performance of sheep grazing hill vegetation communities in northern Spain is examined. A total of 591 non-lactating Gallega ewes grazed for five consecutive grazing seasons (June to September) on replicated plots of hill pastures (1700 m.a.s.l.) composed principally of Festuca, Agrostis, Nardus and Calluna spp. but with different proportions of Calluna vulgaris cover, either 0·3 (C0·3) or 0·7 (C0·7) of the total area. In 1 year, twenty-eight ewes suckling single lambs also grazed the plots. The mean stocking density over the 5 years was 8·7 ewes ha,1. On treatment C0·3, daily liveweight gains (33 g d,1) of non-lactating ewes were significantly (P < 0·001) greater than on treatment C0·7 (12 g d,1). Likewise in lactating ewes the difference in mean daily liveweight change was 40 g d,1 (,5 vs. ,45 g d,1 for C0·3 and C0·7 treatments respectively; P < 0·001). Liveweight gains of lambs were only 80,100 g d,1 from June to August and lambs only maintained live weight during August and September. The effect of lactational status on liveweight changes was not significant. Liveweight gains of non-lactating ewes increased significantly (P < 0·001) from the first to the last year of the experiment on both treatments. The composition of the diet was significantly affected by treatment (P < 0·001), with a higher proportion of grass species on the C0·3 treatment and a higher digestibility of the diet in the first half of the grazing season (P < 0·001). The proportion of C. vulgaris in the diet was significantly (P < 0·001) higher on the C0·7 treatment and increased significantly (P < 0·001) from July to September on both treatments. There were no significant differences in the composition of the diet selected by lactating and non-lactating ewes. The results demonstrate that on hill vegetation communities, in which the grass components (Festuca rubra, Agrostis capillaris, and Nardus stricta) cover at least 0·3 of the area and on which the preferred grass component (Festuca and Agrostis spp.) is maintained at a sward height of at least 2·5 cm, non-lactating ewes can increase their live weight and body condition, but this increase is influenced by the proportion and quantity of species of grass in the diet, which is affected in turn by the species of grass available and their nutritive quality. However, ewes suckling lambs were not able to maintain their live weight and body condition except when Calluna cover was 0·3 and grass height was more than 3·5 cm. It is concluded that these indigenous vegetation communities can be used in sheep production systems to complement the use of improved pastures at other times of year. In particular, they can be utilized during the non-lactating period (summer) to increase body condition before the beginning of the mating period in autumn. [source] Nutritional quality of protein-enriched mumu, a traditional cereal food productINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, Issue 4 2007Emmanuel K. Ingbian Summary Protein-enriched mumu was produced using maize supplemented with soybeans or groundnut. Supplementation of maize with groundnut or soybeans at the ratios of 85:15, 80:20, 75:25 and 70:30, respectively to produce maize:groundnut or maize:soybean blends was carried out. Proximate compositions and sensory evaluation of the blends were determined. The rat-based protein efficiency ratio (PER) and body-weight changes were used to assay the protein nutritive quality. Chemical compositions indicated significant increases (P < 0.05) in the protein and fat contents of the supplemented products. Soybean supplemented products had significantly (P < 0.05) higher positive body-weight changes than groundnut supplemented products. The PER of 1.6,2.19 for the soybean supplemented products were also significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the corresponding PER of ,0.2 to ,1.5 for the groundnut supplemented products. Supplementation with soybeans beyond 25% did not further improve the protein quality. [source] Effects of amino acid supplementation on the nutritive quality of fermented linseed meal protein in the diets for rohu, Labeo rohita, fingerlingsJOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY, Issue 5 2001N. Mukhopadhyay A feeding trial was conducted for 8 weeks to examine the effects of partial substitution of fish meal (FM) protein (crude protein content: 58.5%) with linseed meal protein with and without supplemental amino acids in diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton), fingerlings (mean weight: 1.50 ± 0.3 g). Prior to incorporation into the diets, linseed meal was fermented with lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus) to reduce/eliminate the antinutritional tannin and phytic acid factors. Twelve experimental diets (diets D1,D12) were formulated to replace the FM protein from a reference diet (RD) with linseed meal protein at different levels (four sets of diets, of which each set of three diets contained 25%, 50% and 75% replacement of FM protein by linseed meal protein, respectively). Diets D1,D3 were not supplemented with any amino acid. Lysine was supplemented in diets D4,D6. Diets D7,D9 were supplemented with methionine + cystine (together), and diets D10,D12 contained lysine and methionine + cystine (together). Lysine and methionine + cystine (together) were added to the diets at 5.7% and 3.1% of dietary protein, respectively. The groups of fish fed diets without amino acid supplementation had significantly lower percentages of weight gain, specific growth rate and high feed : gain ratio than the fish groups fed other experimental diets. The addition of lysine and methionine + cystine to the diet in which 50% of the FM protein was replaced by linseed meal protein (diet D11) significantly improved fish performance. The results of the present study suggest that rohu fingerlings can effectively utilize the supplemented amino acids and that linseed meal protein can replace up to 50% of the FM protein in rohu diets if the linseed meal is properly processed (fermented) and supplemented with the lacking amino acids. [source] Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition of Diatoms Revisited: Rapid Wound-Activated Change of Food Quality Parameters Influences Herbivorous Copepod Reproductive SuccessCHEMBIOCHEM, Issue 10 2007Thomas Wichard Dr. Abstract Lipid and fatty acid composition are considered to be key parameters that determine the nutritive quality of phytoplankton diets for zooplanktonic herbivores. The fitness, reproduction and physiology of the grazers are influenced by these factors. The trophic transfer of lipids and fatty acids from algal cells has been typically studied by using simple extraction and quantification approaches, which, as we argue here, do not reflect the actual situation in the plankton. We show that cell disruption, as it occurs during a predator's grazing on diatoms can drastically change the lipid and fatty acid content of the food. In some algae, a rapid depletion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is observed within the first minutes after cell disruption. This fatty acid depletion is directly linked to the production of PUFA-derived polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUA); these are molecules that are thought to be involved in the chemical defence of the algae. PUA-releasing diatoms are even capable of transforming lipids from other sources if these are available in the vicinity of the wounded cells. Fluorescent staining reveals that the enzymes involved in lipid transformation are active in the foregut of copepods, and therefore link the depletion processes directly to food uptake. Incubation experiments with the calanoid copepod Temora longicornis showed that PUFA depletion in PUA-producing diatoms is correlated to reduced hatching success, and can be compensated for by externally added single fatty acids. [source] | |||||||||||||