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Nutritional Practices (nutritional + practice)
Selected AbstractsWeight and weight gain at 4 months (The Netherlands 1998): influences of nutritional practices, socio-economic and ethnic factorsPAEDIATRIC & PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 4 2002Anneke M. W. Bulk-Bunschoten Summary We describe the determinants of weight gain in the first 4 months of life in a cohort of 3256 infants. The study was designed as a survey with follow-up. In the period 1 April to 1 July 1998, all infants, usually 4 weeks old but not older than 4 months, brought to a well-baby clinic for the first time were included. Nutritional practices, demographic data on mother and child, birthweight and a second weight measured between days 118 and 147 were recorded. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were performed. The average weight gain over 4 months was 27.7 g/day for boys and 24.5 g/day for girls. Weight gain was lower with high parity and if the mother was a native Dutch speaker. Nutritional practices affected weight gain only slightly: exclusive breast feeding for 4 months lowered the weight gain by 0.06 g/day. However, because of their higher birthweight, breast-fed infants weighed a little more than formula-fed infants at 4 months. In addition, we compared the median weight at the age of 4 months with the median weight at the same age in previous Dutch growth studies. The median weight, adjusted to day 133, was higher in 1998 than in 1965, 1980 and 1997 (boys 7.15 vs. 6.85, 6.77 and 6.95 kg; girls 6.59 vs. 6.49, 6.39 and 6.45 kg respectively). [source] Minimal enteral feeding reduces the risk of sepsis in feed-intolerant very low birth weight newbornsACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 1 2009Gianluca Terrin Abstract Aims: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of minimal enteral feeding (MEF) nutritional practice in feed-intolerant very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Methods: A retrospective design using data reported in the clinical charts of VLBW newborns consecutively observed in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) that presents feed intolerance. During the study period, two feeding strategies were adopted: total parenteral nutrition (PN) (group 1) or PN plus MEF (group 2), for at least 24 h. Primary outcome was the time to reach full enteral feeding; secondary outcomes were the occurrence of sepsis, the time to regain birth weight, the length of hospitalization, the occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) Bell stage >II and death. Results: In total, 102 newborns were evaluated: 51 in group 1, and 51 in group 2. Neonates in group 2 achieved full enteral nutrition earlier (8 days, interquartile range [IQR] 5) compared with subjects receiving total PN (11 days, IQR 5, p < 0.001). A reduction of sepsis episodes was observed in group 2 (15.7%) compared with group 1 (33.3%, p = 0.038). Additionally, subjects in group 2 regained their birth weight and were discharged earlier. The occurrence of NEC and death were similar in the two groups. Conclusion: Minimal enteral feeding in very low birth weight infants presenting feed intolerance reduces the time to reach full enteral feeding and the risk of sepsis. This feeding practice does not increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis and death. [source] Review: nurses can improve patient nutrition in intensive careJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 17 2009Caroline Ros Aims and objectives., To review the literature and identify opportunities for nutritional practice improvement in the critically ill and opportunities to improve nurses' knowledge relating to enteral feeding. Background., The literature reports varying nutritional practices in intensive care. Design., Systematic review. Methods., A systematic search, selection, analysis and review of nursing, medical and dietetic primary research articles was undertaken. Fifteen studies met the selection criteria. Results., Delivery of nutrition to the critically ill varied widely. Patients were frequently underfed and less frequently, overfed. Both under- and overfeeding have been linked with unacceptable consequences including infections, extended weaning from mechanical ventilation, increased length of stay and increased mortality. Underfeeding was related to slow initiation and advancement of nutrition support and avoidable feed interruptions. The most common reasons for interrupting feeds were gastrointestinal intolerance and fasting for procedures. Certain nursing practices contributed to underfeeding such as the management of gastric residual volumes. Conclusions., Consistent and reliable nutrition support in intensive care units is hampered by a lack of evidence leading to varying nutrition practices. Factors impeding delivery of enteral nutrition were considered avoidable. A new concept of a therapeutic range of energy delivery in the critically ill has emerged implying the need for re-evaluation of energy recommendations and improved delivery of enteral nutrition. Relevance to clinical practice., This review supports the multi-disciplinary development and implementation of an evidence-based enteral feeding protocol in intensive care units as a strategy to improve adequacy of nutritional intake. Critical care nurses are well placed to improve this process. [source] Weight and weight gain at 4 months (The Netherlands 1998): influences of nutritional practices, socio-economic and ethnic factorsPAEDIATRIC & PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 4 2002Anneke M. W. Bulk-Bunschoten Summary We describe the determinants of weight gain in the first 4 months of life in a cohort of 3256 infants. The study was designed as a survey with follow-up. In the period 1 April to 1 July 1998, all infants, usually 4 weeks old but not older than 4 months, brought to a well-baby clinic for the first time were included. Nutritional practices, demographic data on mother and child, birthweight and a second weight measured between days 118 and 147 were recorded. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were performed. The average weight gain over 4 months was 27.7 g/day for boys and 24.5 g/day for girls. Weight gain was lower with high parity and if the mother was a native Dutch speaker. Nutritional practices affected weight gain only slightly: exclusive breast feeding for 4 months lowered the weight gain by 0.06 g/day. However, because of their higher birthweight, breast-fed infants weighed a little more than formula-fed infants at 4 months. In addition, we compared the median weight at the age of 4 months with the median weight at the same age in previous Dutch growth studies. The median weight, adjusted to day 133, was higher in 1998 than in 1965, 1980 and 1997 (boys 7.15 vs. 6.85, 6.77 and 6.95 kg; girls 6.59 vs. 6.49, 6.39 and 6.45 kg respectively). [source] The Relevance of student seminars on clinically related subjects in a biochemistry course for medical and nutrition students,BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION, Issue 1 2002Marcelo Hermes-Lima Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the value of a system of seminars on clinically related biochemistry topics for undergraduate students in medicine and nutrition at the University of Brasília, Brazil. During the second semester of 1998 (1998,2), the teaching staff decided to establish new and stricter rules for the seminar method and to adopt a system of peer tutoring, whereby former good to excellent students of the class Bioquímica e Biofísica helped in the planning and preparation of the oral presentations. The average performance grades for the seminars in the first semester of 1998 (1998,1) (7.19 ± 1.42) were significantly lower than those for the following semesters (ranging from 8.10 to 8.91), indicating some degree of success with the new system. We also conducted, by means of questionnaires, an evaluation (scores ranging from 0 to 4) of each student seminar (14 topics) in relation to the overall biochemistry learning experience connected to the clinical expectations of the students. All seminars but one averaged above 3.0. Moreover, when asked whether (i) the seminars were relevant to a more clinical approach to biochemistry and whether (ii) the oral presentations could be viewed as valid tools for the understanding of biochemistry, 96% (n = 188) and 80.6% (n = 150) of the students, respectively, answered, "yes." The students also scored the work of the peer tutors high (ranging from 3.38 to 3.90, out of 4). A seminar system for a clinically related biochemistry course may also open the minds of students about the relevance of biochemistry to their future medical or nutritional practices. [source] | ||||||||||