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Nuclear Waste (nuclear + waste)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Polymers and Materials Science	33%
Chemistry	33%

Selected Abstracts

An Experiment in (Toxic) Indian Capitalism?: The Skull Valley Goshutes, New Capitalism, and Nuclear Waste

POLAR: POLITICAL AND LEGAL ANTHROPOLOGY REVIEW, Issue 2 2001
Randel D. Hanson
First page of article [source]

ChemInform Abstract: Polarity and Chirality in Uranyl Borates: Insights into Understanding the Vitrification of Nuclear Waste and the Development of Nonlinear Optical Materials.

CHEMINFORM, Issue 33 2010
Shuao Wang
Abstract The compounds (IV,VII) and (IX,XII) are synthesized with various Na(Tl):U:B molar ratios using H3BO3 as a reactive flux, and their structures are determined by single crystal XRD. [source]

Hot-Pressed Glass Matrix Composites Containing Pyrochlore Phase Particles for Nuclear Waste Encapsulation,

ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 7 2003
A.R. Boccaccini
As alternative immobilization materials for Pu-bearing nuclear waste, lead-containing glass matrix composites with homogeneously distributed lanthanum zirconate pyrochlore particles (up to 30,% by volume) have been developed. Fabrication by hot pressing at the relatively mild temperature of 610,°C leaves the pyrochlore structure of the La zirconate unchanged, which is crucial for the containment of radioactive nuclei. The Figure, an SEM image of a polished sample with 30,% La2Zr2O7, demonstrates the homogeneous particle distribution and absence of pores. [source]

THM and reactive transport analysis of expansive clay barrier in radioactive waste isolation

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 8 2006
L. do N. Guimarães
Abstract A fully coupled formulation combining reactive transport and an existing thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) code is briefly described. Special attention has been given to phenomena likely to be encountered in clay barriers used as part of containment systems of nuclear waste. The types of processes considered in the chemical formulation include hydrolysis, complex formation, oxidation/reduction reactions, acid/base reactions, precipitation/dissolution of minerals and cation exchange. Both kinetically controlled and equilibrium-controlled reactions have been incorporated. The formulation has been implemented in the finite element code CODE_BRIGHT. An application is presented concerning the performance of a large scale in situ heating test simulating high-level nuclear waste repository conditions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Optimizing the formula of rare earth-bearing materials: A computational chemistry investigation

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, Issue 3 2007
Marjorie Bertolus
Abstract We present a computational investigation into the nature of bonds formed by rare earth elements (REE) in materials. This study focuses on the incorporation of neodymium in minerals called apatites, which are derived from fluorapatite: Ca10(PO4)6F2. These minerals, which allow many substitutions on all three Ca, P, and F sites, are considered as potential host phases for radioactive elements separated from nuclear waste. Nd and trivalent actinides have very similar physical and chemical properties, and Nd is not radioactive and much more easily handled. It is therefore very often used as a surrogate for actinides with oxidation degree three in experimental studies. Several formulas can be considered to substitute Nd3+ to Ca2+ and maintain charge balance of the apatite. Existing experimental and theoretical studies, however, mostly concern the Ca9Nd(PO4)5SiO4F2 formula, where the Nd incorporation is compensated by the replacement of one PO by a SiO group. Moreover, only the cation position has been studied, whereas the silicate position and its influence on stability are unknown. We present a more general investigation of possible charge compensations on the one hand, and of the various resulting configurations on the other. All possible configurations of the two formulas Ca9Nd(PO4)5 SiO4F2 and Ca8NdNa(PO4)6F2 have been considered. Calculations have been performed within the framework of density functional theory (DFT). A computation scheme that permits good accuracy in these systems within reasonable computation times is determined. The results obtained for cohesion energies, geometries, and electronic densities are discussed. As for the formulation, it is shown that the Ca8NdNa(PO4)6F2 formula is less stable than the fluorapatite, while Ca9Nd(PO4)5 SiO4F2 is more stable. For the structures, it is found that Nd substitutes preferably in the second cationic site. Moreover, the most stable structures exhibit the shortest Na,Nd or Nd,Si distances. Local charge balance therefore seems favorable. Then, it is shown that Nd forms covalent bonds both in apatite and in britholite, while Na forms ionic bonds. Finally, a first correlation between the material stability and the covalent character of the bonds formed is established. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007 [source]

Role of Sulfate in Structural Modifications of Sodium Barium Borosilicate Glasses Developed for Nuclear Waste Immobilization

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 12 2008
Raman K. Mishra
A sodium barium borosilicate glass matrix with a higher solubility of sulfate has been developed recently at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre for vitrification of sulfate bearing high-level nuclear waste. We report here the studies carried out to understand the influence of sulfate ion on the three-dimensional borosilicate network. Experiments were carried out with sodium barium borosilicate base glass samples loaded with varying amounts of SO42, (0,5 mol%). Phase separation studies on the samples revealed that as much as 3 mol% of SO42, can be loaded within the base glass without any phase separation, however, beyond this limit BaSO4 (barite) crystallizes within the matrix. Thermal analyses of the samples indicated a shift in glass transition temperature from 534° (0 mol% SO42,) to 495°C (3 mol% SO42,) and it remained more or less unaltered afterwards even with high SO42, loading. A similar observation of structure stabilization was obtained from 29Si MAS,NMR studies also, which showed that with 2 mol% of SO42, loading, the Q2:Q3 ratio changed from 59:41 (for samples with 0 mol% SO42, loading) to 62:38 and it remained almost the same afterwards even with higher SO42, loading. 11B MAS NMR patterns of the glass samples, however, remained unchanged with SO42, loading ([BO4]:[BO3]=38:62). Based on 29Si and 11B MAS NMR studies, the authors propose two different ways of interaction of SO42, ions with the borosilicate network: (i) the network modifying action of SO42, ions with -Si,O,Si- linkages, at low SO42, ion concentration (<2 mol%) and (ii) the preferential interaction of SO42, with the Ba2+ ions at high SO42, concentration (>2 mol%). [source]