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Nuclear Medicine (nuclear + medicine)
Terms modified by Nuclear Medicine Selected AbstractsObservations on the role of nuclear medicine in molecular imagingJOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue S39 2002D.J. Hnatowich Abstract The phrase "molecular imaging" is unquestionably current and is receiving ever increasing use. For example, two organizations, the Institute for Molecular Imaging and the Academy of Molecular Imaging have recently been established with molecular imaging as their focus, with journal entitled "Molecular Imaging" and "Molecular Imaging and Biology," respectively. Furthermore, the two leading journals in the field of nuclear medicine have recently added this phrase to their covers-becoming the "European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging" and "The Journal of Nuclear Medicine,advancing molecular imaging." The National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering is the newest institute of the NIH. With this degree of attention, it may be surprising that there is as yet no universally accepted definition of molecular imaging. Numerous diverse definitions, some quite complex, have been proposed. With some exceptions, they all refer to imaging in the living animal of function at the cellular or molecular level. Thus molecular imaging may be defined as the observation of biological function at the molecular level in health and disease through some process involving non-invasive imaging of the living mammals. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppl. 39: 18,24, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Supercritical fluids in medical radioisotope processing and chemistry, Part II: Applications , real and demonstratedJOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS, Issue 10 2003Richard A. Ferrieri Abstract In Part I of this review series, an overview was presented on what the basic properties of supercritical fluids are and how they can, and are being used in many of today's industries as solvents for extraction, chromatography and reaction. A good part of this overview detailed the kinds of equipment needed, and techniques on how to use them for optimal performance. Part II of this series will delve into specific applications of supercritical fluid technology as it relates to aspects of medical isotope processing. The reader will note that very few applications of this technology to Nuclear Medicine have been published. Many potential applications cited within the context of this review derive from preliminary studies carried out in the author's laboratory. These examples are presented to spark interest in future developments of this nature. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Physics in Nuclear Medicine, 3rd editionJOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIATION ONCOLOGY, Issue 6 2005G Bibbo No abstract is available for this article. [source] Abstracts to the XIVth Scandinavian Congress of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine in Lillehammer, Norway,February 13-15, 2008CLINICAL PHYSIOLOGY AND FUNCTIONAL IMAGING, Issue 6 2008Article first published online: 8 OCT 200 First page of article [source] Abstracts presented to the XII Scandinavian Congress on Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine , April, 2001CLINICAL PHYSIOLOGY AND FUNCTIONAL IMAGING, Issue 4 2001Article first published online: 28 JUN 200 First page of article [source] The development of nuclear medicine in Finland: a review on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the Finnish Society of Nuclear MedicineCLINICAL PHYSIOLOGY AND FUNCTIONAL IMAGING, Issue 5 2000K. A. Bergström First page of article [source] 68Ga-PET: a powerful generator-based alternative to cyclotron-based PET radiopharmaceuticalsCONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING, Issue 2 2008Melpomeni Fani Abstract PET (positron emission tomography) is a powerful diagnostic and imaging technique which requires short-lived positron emitting isotopes. The most commonly used are accelerator-produced 11C and 18F. An alternative is the use of metallic positron emitters. Among them 68Ga deserves special attention because of its availability from long-lived 68Ge/68Ga generator systems which render 68Ga radiopharmacy independent of an onsite cyclotron. The coordination chemistry of Ga3+ is dominated by its hard acid character. A variety of mono- and bifunctional chelators have been developed which allow the formation of stable 68Ga3+complexes and convenient coupling to biomolecules. 68Ga coupling to small biomolecules is potentially an alternative to 18F- and 11C-based radiopharmacy. In particular, peptides targeting G-protein coupled receptors overexpressed on human tumour cells have shown preclinically and clinically high and specific tumour uptake. Kit-formulated precursors along with the generator may be provided, similar to the 99Mo/99mTc-based radiopharmacy, still the mainstay of nuclear medicine. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Observations on the role of nuclear medicine in molecular imagingJOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY, Issue S39 2002D.J. Hnatowich Abstract The phrase "molecular imaging" is unquestionably current and is receiving ever increasing use. For example, two organizations, the Institute for Molecular Imaging and the Academy of Molecular Imaging have recently been established with molecular imaging as their focus, with journal entitled "Molecular Imaging" and "Molecular Imaging and Biology," respectively. Furthermore, the two leading journals in the field of nuclear medicine have recently added this phrase to their covers-becoming the "European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging" and "The Journal of Nuclear Medicine,advancing molecular imaging." The National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering is the newest institute of the NIH. With this degree of attention, it may be surprising that there is as yet no universally accepted definition of molecular imaging. Numerous diverse definitions, some quite complex, have been proposed. With some exceptions, they all refer to imaging in the living animal of function at the cellular or molecular level. Thus molecular imaging may be defined as the observation of biological function at the molecular level in health and disease through some process involving non-invasive imaging of the living mammals. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppl. 39: 18,24, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] 99Mo shortage in nuclear medicine: crisis or challenge?JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS, Issue 4 2010James R. Ballinger Reactor produced 99Mo is the source of 99mTc used in 85% of nuclear medicine studies but the worldwide supply is currently very fragile. This has forced radiopharmaceutical scientists to make more efficient use of available 99Mo, to explore new routes to produce it, and to develop alternative agents such as 68Ga complexes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Red blood cells labelling with 99mTc-d,l-HMPAO: an alternative method for specific casesJOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS, Issue 10 2003F.J. Pérez Abstract The effectiveness of the classic methods for red blood cells (RBCs) labelling with 99mTc has been demonstrated in nuclear medicine. However, nuclear physicians have found, in certain circumstances, this diagnostic technique fails and poor quality images are obtained. In this work we report on an alternative method that is of useful in these occasions, for in vitro labelling RBCs with 99mTc-d,l-HMPAO complex. The study shows a high and reproducible labelling efficiency (94.14±0.38), using low amount of tin. The RBCs were isolated from plasma and other interfering blood cells before adding 99mTc-d,l-HMPAO. The tracer was retained and the elution rate from RBCs was low (less than 6% after 120 min). The preclinical results indicate that this new method could be a good alternative to the standard classic methods for specific cases. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Review of non-positron emission tomography functional imaging of primary musculoskeletal tumours: Beyond the humble bone scanJOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING AND RADIATION ONCOLOGY, Issue 6 2005YY Ho Summary Bone and soft tissue tumours are rare neoplasms. There are five major roles of imaging in the management of primary musculoskeletal tumours, that is, to differentiate between benignity and malignancy, to evaluate for local tumour extension, to screen for metastases, to judge the effect of chemotherapy, and to monitor for recurrence. To accomplish this, multiple modalities are required because no single examination is able to complete all these tasks. These modalities include plain radiography, CT, MRI, conventional nuclear medicine as well as positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Elsewhere, PET imaging has been discussed at length, because it is likely to be superior in the assessment of bone and soft tissue tumours over conventional nuclear medicine procedures. However, conventional nuclear medicine may be of value when PET is unavailable. In this review, an overview of anatomical imaging will be given and the role of non-PET functional imaging will be discussed in detail. A variety of illustrative cases will be presented. [source] Thyroid Imaging in the Dog: Current Status and Future DirectionsJOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 4 2007O. Taeymans This review describes the advantages and disadvantages of radiography, ultrasonography, and nuclear medicine in the 2 most frequent thyroid pathologies of the dog: acquired primary hypothyroidism and thyroid neoplasia. Ultrasonography and scintigraphy remain the 2 most indicated imaging modalities for these thyroid abnormalities. However, as in human medicine, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging also have potential indications. This is especially the case in the evaluation of the extent, local invasiveness, and local or distant metastases of thyroid neoplasia. Based on experience with different imaging modalities in people, we suggest future directions in the imaging of the canine thyroid gland. [source] Development of a parathyroid database in Melbourne and review of the last 50 casesANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 9 2004Meei J. Yeung Background: Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) is only possible if preoperative localization studies accurately identify the abnormal parathyroid tissue. The aim of the present paper was to evaluate the accuracy of these studies in our geographical region and the consequences on MIP. Methods: A Filemaker Pro database was designed and a retrospective analysis was carried out on the last 50 parathyroidectomies. Results: There were a total of 49 patients who underwent parathyroidectomy; with one patient having two operations. Forty-nine preoperative ultrasound localization studies were performed. Ultrasound sensitivity of correct localization of abnormal parathyroids was 41% with a false positive rate of 25%. Twenty-two sestamibi scans identified 14 abnormal parathyroids. Sestamibi scanning had a sensitivity of 32% for correct localization and a false positive rate of 32%. There were 16 different radiologists or nuclear medicine physicians involved with the nuclear medicine scans, and 22 different radiologists involved in the preoperative ultrasound scans. Forty-seven patients were cured of hyperparathyroidism after a primary operation, with a total of 48 patients in all being cured following re-exploration. One patient was lost to follow up. The success of primary exploration was therefore 96% and following re-exploration this increased to 98%. Conclusion: We found preoperative localization studies to have low sensitivities and high false positive rates. To move successfully towards MIP, we need to identify a radiologist with a special interest in localization studies to achieve greater accuracy. [source] Determining the Zero-Force Binding Energetics of an Intercalated DNA Complex by a Single-Molecule ApproachCHEMPHYSCHEM, Issue 16 2009Tzu-Sen Yang Prof. Dr. Binding behavior of DNA: A wormlike chain model is applied to determine the zero-force binding energetics of an intercalated DNA complex. A mono-intercalating agent is synthesized which can be very easily inserted into the DNA bases (see figure). This approach is particularly important in nuclear medicine and new radiation therapies. [source] Elucidation of structure,function relationships in the lung: contributions from hyperpolarized 3helium MRICLINICAL PHYSIOLOGY AND FUNCTIONAL IMAGING, Issue 6 2002Hans-Ulrich Kauczor Summary Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using hyperpolarized 3helium (He) gas as the source of signal provides new physiological insights into the structure,function relationships of the lung. Traditionally, lung morphology has been visualized by chest radiography and computed tomography, whereas lung function was assessed by using nuclear medicine. As all these techniques rely on ionizing radiation, MRI has some inherent advantages. 3He MRI is based on ,optical pumping' of the 3He gas which increases the nuclear spin polarization by four to five orders of magnitude translating into a massive gain in signal. Hyperpolarized 3He gas is administered as an inhaled ,contrast agent' and allows for selective visualization of airways and airspaces. Straightforward gas density images demonstrate the homogeneity of ventilation with high spatial resolution. In patients with lung diseases 3He MRI has shown a high sensitivity to depict ventilation defects. As 3He has some more exciting properties, a comprehensive four-step functional imaging protocol has been established. The dynamic distribution of ventilation during continuous breathing can be visualized after inhalation of a single breath of 3He gas using magnetic resonance (MR) sequences with high temporal resolution. Diffusion weighted 3He MRI provides a new measure for pulmonary microstructure because the degree of restriction of the Brownian motion of the 3He atoms reflects lung structure. Since the decay of 3He hyperpolarization is dependent on the ambient oxygen concentration, regional and temporal analysis of intrapulmonary pO2 becomes feasible. Thus, pulmonary perfusion, ventilation,/perfusion ratio and oxygen uptake can be indirectly assessed. Further research will determine the significance of the functional information with regard to physiology and patient management. [source] The development of nuclear medicine in Finland: a review on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the Finnish Society of Nuclear MedicineCLINICAL PHYSIOLOGY AND FUNCTIONAL IMAGING, Issue 5 2000K. A. 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