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Novel Behavior (novel + behavior)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Polymers and Materials Science	50%

Selected Abstracts

Electronic and Magnetic Properties of SrTiO3/LaAlO3 Interfaces from First Principles

ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 26-27 2010
Hanghui Chen
Abstract A number of intriguing properties emerge upon the formation of the epitaxial interface between the insulating oxides LaAlO3 and SrTiO3. These properties, which include a quasi two-dimensional conducting electron gas, low temperature superconductivity, and magnetism, are not present in the bulk materials, generating a great deal of interest in the fundamental physics of their origins. While it is generally accepted that the novel behavior arises as a result of a combination of electronic and atomic reconstructions and growth-induced defects, the complex interplay between these effects remains unclear. In this report, we review the progress that has been made towards unraveling the complete picture of the SrTiO3/LaAlO3 interface, focusing primarily on present ab initio theoretical work and its relation to the experimental data. In the process, we highlight some key unresolved issues and discuss how they might be addressed by future experimental and theoretical studies. [source]

Novel pH- and Temperature-Responsive Methacrylamide Microgels,

MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, Issue 13-14 2009
Leyre Pérez-Álvarez
Abstract A novel transition temperature in MeAM copolymer microgels is reported. Despite the fact that MeAM homopolymers do not show thermosensitive properties, a specific synthetic strategy leads to a thermo-responsive swelling behavior that could be potentially useful in medical and/or industrial applications. The pH and temperature-dependent swelling response of microgels of MeAM copolymerized with 2-aminomethylpyridine and ethylenediamine is reported. The changes in particle sizes, which depend on the nature of the surrounding environment, are recorded by QELS. The relation between copolymer structure and its novel behavior is analyzed by several techniques (1H NMR, TGA). [source]

Making Innovation Happen in Organizations: Individual Creativity Mechanisms, Organizational Creativity Mechanisms or Both?

THE JOURNAL OF PRODUCT INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 6 2000
Sundar Bharadwaj
Marketing managers increasingly face a product innovation dilemma. Managers will have to sell more with fewer new products in an environment where new products are providing lower revenue yields. Therefore, understanding what drives successful innovation is of paramount importance. This paper examines the organizational innovation hypothesis that innovation is a function of individual efforts and organizational systems to facilitate creativity. Our model formulates creativity as a property of thought process that can be acquired and improved through instruction and practice. In this context, individual creativity mechanisms refer to activities undertaken by individual employees within an organization to enhance their capability for developing something, which is meaningful and novel within their work environment. Organizational creativity mechanisms refer to the extent to which the organization has instituted formal approaches and tools, and provided resources to encourage meaningfully novel behaviors within the organization. Using data collected from 634 organizations, we find support for this hypothesis. The results suggest that the presence of both individual and organizational creativity mechanisms led to the highest level of innovation performance. The results also suggest that high levels of organizational creativity mechanisms (even in the presence of low levels of individual creativity) led to significantly superior innovation performance than low levels of organizational and individual creativity mechanisms. The paper also presents managerial and academic implications. This study suggests that it is not enough for organizations to hire creative people and expect the innovation performance of the firm to be superior. Similarly, it is not enough for firms to emphasize management practices to enhance creativity and ignore individual mechanisms. Although it is true that doing either will improve innovation performance, doing both should lead to higher innovation levels. Our understanding of what and how creativity influences innovation performance can be greatly enhanced by additional research that integrates the intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of creativity. Research that examines the role of team creativity efforts in enhancing innovation performance is also vital to an overall improved understanding of creativity, learning, and innovation within organizations. [source]

Postural and Object-Oriented Experiences Advance Early Reaching, Object Exploration, and Means,End Behavior

CHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 6 2008
Michele A. Lobo
The effects of 3 weeks of social (control), postural, or object-oriented experiences on 9- to 21-week-old infants' (N = 42) reaching, exploration, and means,end behaviors were assessed. Coders recorded object contacts, mouthing, fingering, attention, and affect from video. Postural and object-oriented experiences advanced reaching, haptic exploration of objects, and developing means,end behavior compared to social experience. Object-oriented experience best-advanced means,end behavior. The results suggest that the development of novel behaviors is dependent on multiple subsystems and can be similarly advanced by addressing a variety of these subsystems. They also suggest that past experiences with active object exploration can facilitate early information processing and the development of early knowledge. [source]