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Northwestern Patagonia (northwestern + patagonia)
Selected AbstractsEffects of ultraviolet radiation on the eggs of landlocked Galaxias maculatus (Galaxiidae, Pisces) in northwestern PatagoniaFRESHWATER BIOLOGY, Issue 3 2000M. Battini Summary 1Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) damages early life stages of several fish species. Galaxias maculatus is a small catadromous fish, with landlocked forms occurring in many lakes within the Nahuel Huapi National Park (Patagonia, Argentina). In this work, the vulnerability of G. maculatus eggs exposed to both natural and artificial UVR was investigated in relation to water transparency. 2Field experiments were performed in two lakes differing in UVR attenuation. Galaxias maculatus eggs were exposed to in situ levels of UVR in quartz tubes incubated at various depths. For laboratory experiments, the eggs were exposed to five levels of artificial UVB radiation. 3Exposure to natural UVR causes various degrees of egg mortality depending on water transparency and incubation depth. In the less transparent lake (Kd320 = 3.08 m -1), almost complete mortality was observed near the surface. At a depth of 43 cm the observed mortality was only 22%, but was still significantly different from the dark control. In the most transparent lake (Kd320 = 0.438 m -1), almost total mortality was observed in tubes incubated at 2.56 m or shallower. A gradual decline in mortality was recorded from that depth to 3.78 m where the values approached those in the dark control treatments. 4A monotonic relationship between mortality and UV exposure could be observed both in field and laboratory experiments. Using the results from field incubations, a LD50 of 2.5 J cm -2 nm -1 was estimated. In a few mountain lakes, this value would be exceeded even if the eggs were laid at the maximum depth of the lake. Thus UVR seems a sufficient cause to explain the absence of G. maculatus populations in some mountain lakes. For most lakes, however, UVR is probably one of several important environmental factors, which together determine the habitat suitability. [source] Use of communal roosts by Andean Condors in northwest Patagonia, ArgentinaJOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY, Issue 2 2008Sergio A. Lambertucci ABSTRACT Andean Condors (Vultur gryphus) are endangered in the northern portion of their South American range, but populations are larger further south. However, throughout their range, little is known about current population sizes and dynamics. Andean Condors use cliffs with shelves as communal roosts and, from 1999 to 2001, we surveyed three of these roosts in northwestern Patagonia, Argentina, to estimate population sizes and trends. The minimum population of Andean Condors in our study area was 196, one of the highest populations recorded for this species. The maximum number of condors observed increased during our 3-yr study. However, there was a strong seasonal pattern in roost use and use also varied among roosts, possibly due to differences in their environmental characteristics, size, and room available for roosting, as well as proximity to nest sites and stage of the breeding season. In 1999 and 2000, more adults were observed than juveniles, but proportions were similar in 2001. Because we observed differential use of roosts among age classes, spatial segregation seems probable. We conclude that intensive censuses of communal roosts can provide useful information about the size, status, and dynamics of local populations. However, the large aggregations we observed may represent a potential risk for the conservation of the species because a single threat could affect multiple individuals. We suggest that a suitable conservation strategy for condors must involve the design and protection of a network of communal roosts. SINOPSIS El Cóndor Andino (Vultur gryphus) es una especie en peligro de extinción en el norte de su distribución Sudamericana, pero sus poblaciones son más abundantes hacia el sur. Sin embargo, poco se conoce sobre los tamaños de las poblaciones y sus dinámicas a lo largo de su distribución. El cóndor usa acantilados con repisas para descansar y pernoctar comunalmente a lo largo del año. Entre 1999-2001 censamos tres de estos dormideros en el noroeste de la Patagonia Argentina para estimar el tamaño poblacional y los patrones de uso. El tamaño poblacional mínimo de la especie en nuestra área de estudio fue de 196 individuos, el cual es de los más grandes registrados para el Cóndor Andino. Aunque el número máximo de cóndores aumentó durante los tres años de estudio, hubo un fuerte patrón estacional del uso de los dormideros. También encontramos variación en el uso entre dormideros posiblemente debida a las diferencias en sus características ambientales, tamaño, espacio disponible para perchar, proximidad a sitios de nidificación y la fase del período reproductivo. En 1999 y 2000 observamos más adultos que juveniles, pero las proporciones fueron similares en 2001. Observamos diferencias en el uso de cada dormidero entre estadios etarios, por lo cual es factible la segregación espacial por edades. Concluimos que los censos intensivos de dormideros comunales pueden proveer información útil sobre el tamaño, estatus y las dinámicas de las poblaciones locales. Sin embargo, grandes agregaciones como las observadas podrían representar un riesgo para la conservación de esta especie, ya que una sola una amenaza podría afectar a muchos individuos. Sugerimos que una estrategia de conservación adecuada para el Cóndor Andino debería involucrar el diseño y protección de una red de dormideros comunales. [source] Neoliberal associations: Property, company, and family in the Argentine oil fieldsAMERICAN ETHNOLOGIST, Issue 4 2008ELANA SHEVER ABSTRACT The transformation of Argentina's state-owned oil company into a transnational joint-stock corporation and a series of worker-owned subcontracting microenterprises in northwestern Patagonia provides an example of an actually existing neoliberal project. In this article, I illustrate how this project was as much a process of sustaining affective relationality as it was a process of fostering calculative rationality. The privatization process generated corporate subjects attached through familial associations of property, company, and family. Kinship sentiment was also the crucial force that incorporated former state oil workers into the inequitable circuits of the global petroleum industry. I argue that this neoliberal process was effective inasmuch as it worked affectively. [neoliberal, kinship, property, affect, corporations, structural adjustment, petroleum, Argentina] [source] Spatial and temporal patterns in the diet of the Andean condor: ecological replacement of native fauna by exotic speciesANIMAL CONSERVATION, Issue 4 2009S. A. Lambertucci Abstract The development of conservation strategies to protect viable populations of scavenging birds requires the existence of adequate and safe food supplies in the wild. Early reports on Andean condors Vultur gryphus diet recorded guanacos and rheas, the dominant herbivores since the Pleistocene, as their main food in Patagonia. However, in the past century, guanaco and rhea populations have notably decreased as a consequence of introduced livestock, and other exotic mammals have colonized the region. We study the spatial and temporal variation of the condors' diet to determine which species are being consumed by condors, and to test whether native herbivores still have a role as a food source. We analysed 371 pellets (517 prey items), collected along 500 km in northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. Our study shows that the Andean condor depends heavily (98.5%) on exotic herbivores. Their diet was made up of c. 51% sheep/goat, 24% hare/rabbit, 17% red deer and 6% cow/horse, with only 2% other mammal species. Samples from locations surveyed after 12,15 years showed a diet shift coincident with the local tendencies in the food source. The diet composition of condors using roosts within the same zone was very similar, which suggests that they may be feeding from the same area. Thus, unhealthy carcasses could impact the entire local populations. Our results show the abundance of the invasive species in northwestern Patagonia and support the idea that native mega-herbivores are ecologically extinct in this area. Exotic species management can have a decisive impact on scavenger's survival. It is necessary to apply a strategy that includes public environmental education about the problems of scavengers (e.g. use of poison, veterinary medicines and lead bullets), and a serious productive plan, including native species as a suitable source of economic development. [source] | ||||||||||