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North European (north + european)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

Cross-cultural differences in the macronutrient intakes of women with anorexia nervosa in Australia and Singapore

EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW, Issue 6 2008
Nerissa Li-Wey Soh
Abstract Aim To compare the macronutrient intakes of women with and without anorexia nervosa (AN) across cultures. Method Participants were women with AN (n,=,39) and without AN (n,=,89) of North European and East Asian backgrounds recruited in Australia and Singapore. Energy and the percentage energy contributed by protein (%protein), fat (%fat) and carbohydrate (%CHO) were assessed from participant's diet histories and analysed in terms of cultural group, acculturation, socio-economic status (SES) and education level. Results AN status was associated with lower energy and higher %CHO. Greater %protein was associated with greater acculturation to Western culture and lower SES, but not AN. Greater %fat was associated with lower SES and lower acculturation in women with AN, but with higher acculturation in controls. Greater %CHO was also associated with higher SES. Conclusion The findings may represent Western diets' higher protein and fat contents, ,Western' knowledge of weight-loss diets, and affordability of low fat foods. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. [source]

Genetic structure of Eurasian cattle (Bos taurus) based on microsatellites: clarification for their breed classification,

ANIMAL GENETICS, Issue 2 2010
M.-H. Li
Summary We pool three previously published data sets and present population genetic analyses of microsatellite variation in 48 Bos taurus cattle breeds from a wide range of geographical origins in Eurasia, mostly its northern territory. Bayesian model-based clustering reveals six distinct clusters: besides a single-population cluster of the Yakutian Cattle from Far Eastern Siberia and a cluster of breeds characteristic of an early origin, the other four major clusters largely correspond to previously defined morphological subgroups of Red Lowland, Lowland Black-Pied, Longhorned Dairy and North European Polled cattle breeds. The results highlighted past expansion events of the productive breeds such as Danish Red, Angeln, Holstein-Friesian and Ayrshire in northern and Eastern Europe. Based on genetic assignment of the breeds and the availability of breed information, we provide a preliminary classification of the five breeds that were to date undefined. Furthermore, in the analysis of molecular variance, despite some correspondence between geographical proximity and genetic similarity, the breed classification appears to be a better predictor of genetic structure in the cattle populations (the among-group variance component: breed classification, 2.47%, P < 0.001; geographical division, 0.77%, P < 0.001). [source]

Hemochromatosis genotypes and risk of 31 disease endpoints: Meta-analyses including 66,000 cases and 226,000 controls,

HEPATOLOGY, Issue 4 2007
Christina Ellervik
Hemochromatosis genotypes have been associated with liver disease, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, arthritis, porphyria cutanea tarda, stroke, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and venous disease. We performed meta-analyses including 202 studies with 66,263 cases and 226,515 controls to examine associations between hemochromatosis genotypes C282Y/C282Y, C282Y/H63D, C282Y/wild type, H63D/H63D, and H63D/wild type versus wild type/wild type and 9 overall endpoints and 22 endpoint subgroups. We also explored potential sources of heterogeneity. For liver disease, the odds ratio for C282Y/C282Y versus wild type/wild type was 3.9 (99% confidence interval: 1.9,8.1) overall, 11 (3.7,34) for hepatocellular carcinoma, 4.1 (1.2,14) for hepatitis C, and 10 (2.1,53) for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. For porphyria cutanea tarda, the odds ratios were 48 (24,95) for C282Y/C282Y, 8.1 (3.9,17) for C282Y/H63D, 3.6 (1.8,7.3) for C282Y/wild type, 3.0 (1.6,5.6) for H63D/H63D, and 1.7 (1.0,3.1) for H63D/wild type versus wild type/wild type. Finally, for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the odds ratio was 3.9 (1.2,13) for H63D/H63D versus wild type/wild type. These findings were consistent across individual studies. The hemochromatosis genotypes were not associated with risk for diabetes mellitus, heart disease, arthritis, stroke, cancer, or venous disease in the overall analyses; however, the odds ratio for C282Y/C282Y versus wild type/wild type was 3.4 (1.1,11) for diabetes mellitus among North Europeans. Conclusion: In aggregate, clinically ascertained cases who are homozygous for the C282Y mutation are associated with a 4,11,fold risk of liver disease, whereas all 5 hemochromatosis genotypes are associated with a 2,48,fold risk of porphyria cutanea tarda, and H63D/H63D is associated with a 4-fold risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These results, mainly from case-control studies, cannot necessarily be extrapolated to the general population. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.) [source]

Review article: lactose intolerance in clinical practice , myths and realities

ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 2 2008
M. C. E. LOMER
Summary Background, Approximately 70% of the world population has hypolactasia, which often remains undiagnosed and has the potential to cause some morbidity. However, not everyone has lactose intolerance, as several nutritional and genetic factors influence tolerance. Aims, To review current clinical practice and identify published literature on the management of lactose intolerance. Methods, PubMed was searched using the terms lactose, lactase and diet to find original research and reviews. Relevant articles and clinical experience provided the basis for this review. Results, Lactose is found only in mammalian milk and is hydrolysed by lactase in the small intestine. The lactase gene has recently been identified. ,Wild-type' is characterized by lactase nonpersistence, often leading to lactose intolerance. Two genetic polymorphisms responsible for persistence have been identified, with their distribution concentrated in north Europeans. Symptoms of lactose intolerance include abdominal pain, bloating, flatulence and diarrhoea. Diagnosis is most commonly by the lactose hydrogen breath test. However, most people with hypolactasia, if given appropriate advice, can tolerate some lactose-containing foods without symptoms. Conclusion, In clinical practice, some people with lactose intolerance can consume milk and dairy foods without developing symptoms, whereas others will need lactose restriction. [source]