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Non-ionic Polymers (non-ionic + polymer)
Selected AbstractsOvercoming surfactant inhibition with polymersACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 12 2000PA Dargaville Inhibition of the function of pulmonary surfactant in the alveolar space is an important element of the pathophysiology of many lung diseases, including meconium aspiration syndrome, pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The known mechanisms by which surfactant dysfunction occurs are (a) competitive inhibition of phospholipid entry into the surface monolayer (e.g. by plasma proteins), and (b) infiltration and destabilization of the surface film by extraneous lipids (e.g. meconium-derived free fatty acids). Recent data suggest that addition of non-ionic polymers such as dextrano and polyethylene glycol to surfactant mixtures may significantly improve resistance to inhibition. Polymers have been found to neutralize the effects of several different inhibitors, and can produce near-complete restoration of surfactant function. The anti-inhibitory properties of polymers, and their possible role as an adjunct to surfactant therapy, deserve further exploration. [source] Anti-Biofouling Properties of Polymers with a Carboxybetaine MoietyMACROMOLECULAR BIOSCIENCE, Issue 1 2009Susumu Tada Abstract The resistance of random copolymers of BMA and CMB against biofouling was evaluated. The amount of proteins adsorbed onto the CMB copolymers was smaller than that onto other polymers (non-ionic polymers and copolymers of ordinary ionic monomers and BMA) and decreased with an increase in the content of CMB residues. Furthermore, there was a dramatic decrease in the number of cells (platelets and fibroblasts) that adhered to the CMB copolymers compared with that to other polymers. In contrast with this, CMB copolymers were slightly perturbative to both complement and coagulation systems. However, the overall results suggest that zwitterionic moieties are effective for making polymer materials biocompatible due to their excellent anti-biofouling property. [source] Autonomous damage initiated healing in a thermo-responsive ionomerPOLYMER INTERNATIONAL, Issue 8 2010Russell John Varley Abstract The partially neutralised poly[ethylene- co -(methacrylic acid)] copolymer Surlyn 8940® (DuPont) ionomer exhibits damage-initiated healing during high-energy impact. This is attributed to the hierarchical structure of ionomers, arising from the presence of ionic aggregates and hydrogen bonding. This work investigates the mechanism of this process using novel techniques developed here. The ionomer's response to penetration has been found to consist of three consecutive events: an initial elastic response, an anelastic response and pseudo-brittle failure. In addition, the ultimate level of healing has been shown to be dependent upon the elastic response during impact as well as post-failure viscous flow. Increasing the local temperature at impact consistently increases elastic healing, although further improvements in healing are minor once the local temperature increases beyond the melting point. Below the order-to-disorder transition, microscopic investigations reveal severe plastic deformation while the lack of shape memory reduces the comparative level of elastic healing. Above this temperature, healing is facilitated by elastomeric behaviour at the impact site, while above the melting point a combination of elastomeric and viscous flow dominates. This work provides for the first time evidence of the consecutive healing events occurring during high-impact penetration for ionomers. The hierarchical structure of ionomers and its impact upon the microstructure have been shown to be critical to the process. Comparison of the mechanical response during impact with that of non-ionic polymers further highlights this. In addition, slow relaxational processes occurring post-impact are found to facilitate further recovery in mechanical properties. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry [source] pH and salt effects on interpolymer complexation via hydrogen bonding in aqueous solutionsPOLYMER INTERNATIONAL, Issue 9 2004Dr Vitaliy V Khutoryanskiy Abstract The effect of inorganic salts addition on the complex formation of poly(acrylic acid) with various non-ionic polymers such as poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), poly(acrylamide), poly(ethylene oxide), pol(vinyl methyl ether), poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(N -isopropylacrylamide), poly(2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether), hydroxypropylcellulose and hydroxyethylcellulose has been studied in aqueous solutions. It was found that, depending on the nature of the polymers and pH medium, addition of inorganic salts could increase or decrease the critical pH values of complexation. A new classification of interpolymer complexes based on critical pH values and ionic strength effects is suggested. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry [source] | ||||||||||