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Non-diabetic Women (non-diabetic + woman)
Selected AbstractsAre symptoms of depression more common in diabetes?DIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 11 2008Results from the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study Abstract Aims To estimate the association between depressive symptoms and Type 2 diabetes, as well as previously undetected diabetes, in a large population-based sample in Germany and to determine associated variables. Methods We used baseline data on 4595 participants (age 45,75 years, 50.2% women) from the German Heinz Nixdorf Recall study, a population-based, prospective cohort study which started in 2000. Diabetes mellitus was assessed by self report (physician diagnosis or medication), undiagnosed diabetes based on blood glucose levels. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale short form (cut-off , 15 points). We fitted multiple logistic regression models. Results The prevalence of diagnosed and previously undetected diabetes was 9.3% (95% confidence interval 8.2,11.6) and 7.6% (6.6,8.8) in men and 6.0% (5.1,7.1) and 3.2% (2.5,4.0) in women, respectively. Compared with non-diabetic women, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was not significantly different in diabetic women (age-adjusted odds ratio, 95% confidence interval 1.48; 0.98,2.24) and women with undiagnosed diabetes (0.67; 0.33,1.36). In men, the prevalence of depressive symptoms tended to be lower in diabetic than in non-diabetic subjects (0.62; 0.35,1.09), but the depressive symptoms were significantly less frequent in men with undiagnosed diabetes (0.30; 0.13,0.70). The pattern remained after further adjustment. Significant associations with depressive symptoms were found for co-morbidities and living without a partner in both women and in men, and for body mass index and activity level in women only. Conclusions After adjustment for relevant covariates, the association between depressive symptoms and Type 2 diabetes was heterogenous in our population-based study. In subjects with undiagnosed diabetes, however, depressive symptoms were less frequent in men. Co-morbidities and psychosocial conditions are strongly associated with depressive symptoms. [source] Post-challenge glucose predicts coronary atherosclerotic progression in non-diabetic, post-menopausal women,DIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 10 2007P. B. Mellen Abstract Aims, We sought to determine whether fasting or post-challenge glucose were associated with progression of coronary atherosclerosis in non-diabetic women. Methods, We performed a post-hoc analysis of 132 non-diabetic women who underwent 75-g oral glucose tolerance testing. The primary outcome of interest was progression of atherosclerosis determined by baseline and follow-up coronary angiography, a mean of 3.1 ± 0.9 years apart. We analysed the association of change in minimal vessel diameter (,MD) by quartile of fasting and post-challenge glucose using mixed models that included adjustment for age, systolic blood pressure, total : high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, current smoking, lipid-lowering and anti-hypertensive medication use and other covariates. Results, At baseline, participants had a mean age of 65.7 ± 6.7 years and a mean body mass index of 27.9 ± 8.5 kg/m2. Although there were no significant differences in atherosclerotic progression by fasting glucose category (P for trend across quartiles = 0.99), there was a significant inverse association between post-challenge glucose and ,MD (in mm) (Q1 : 0.01 ± 0.03; Q2 : 0.08 ± 0.03; Q3 : 0.13 ± 0.03; Q4 : 0.11 ± 0.03; P for trend = 0.02). Conclusions, In post-menopausal women without diabetes, post-challenge glucose predicts angiographic disease progression. These findings suggest that even modest post-challenge hyperglycaemia influences the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic progression. [source] The benefits of oestrogens on postprandial lipid metabolism are lost in post-menopausal women with Type 2 diabetesDIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 7 2006M. G. Masding Abstract Aims, Women with Type 2 diabetes appear to lose the protection against cardiovascular disease (CVD) afforded by oestrogens. We examined the effects of oestrogen hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on postprandial clearance of dietary fat in non-diabetic and diabetic post-menopausal women. Methods, In a cross-sectional study, fasting subjects [HRT+ and HRT, control and diabetic women; Type 2 diabetes (DM) HRT+n = 8, DM HRT,n = 14, control HRT+n = 7, control HRT,n = 11] consumed a meal containing the stable isotope 1,1,1,[13]C-tripalmitin, with blood and breath sampled for 6 and 24 h, respectively, in the postprandial period. Results, In diabetic women, there were no differences between the HRT+ and HRT, groups for any of these parameters. In contrast, in HRT+ compared with HRT, control women, the triglyceride (TG) area under the curve was lower [AUC; HRT+ median (range) 7.7 (4.1, 12.8) mmol/l per 6 h, HRT, 9.7 (3.9, 18.5) mmol/l per 6 h, P < 0.05] and [13]C-palmitic acid in the TG fraction was also lower [HRT+ 23.2 (10.3, 41.3) ng/ml per 6 h, HRT, 47.7 (12.6, 77.2) ng/ml per 6 h, P < 0.05], suggesting the lower postprandial triglyceridaemia associated with HRT in non-diabetic women is because of better chylomicron clearance. Conclusions, The oestrogen-associated advantage in clearance of dietary lipid we observed in non-diabetic post-menopausal women is not seen in post-menopausal diabetic women. This is likely to promote an atherogenic lipoprotein profile and may contribute to the loss of CVD protection seen in diabetic women. [source] Anti-oxidized low-density lipoprotein antibody levels are associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitusEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, Issue 9 2008L. Garrido-Sánchez Abstract Background, Anti-oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) antibodies are associated with the oxidative capacity of plasma, but whether they protect or promote diabetes is unknown. We undertook a prospective study to determine the predictive capacity of anti-oxidized LDL antibodies for the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and methods, We selected 391 non-diabetic women aged 18,65 years. The subjects were classified as being normal (oral glucose test tolerance normal, OGTT-N), or having impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or T2DM according to their baseline glucose levels and after an OGTT. The same subjects were studied six years later. The levels of anti-oxidized LDL antibodies were classified as above or below the 50th percentile. Results, Of the women who were OGTT-N at the start of the study and who had anti-oxidized LDL antibody levels below the 50th percentile, only 65·1% were still OGTT-N after 6 years versus 79·5% of those who had anti-oxidized LDL antibody levels above the 50th percentile (P = 0·015). Women who had IGT or IFG at the start of the study whose anti-oxidized LDL antibody levels were below the 50th percentile had a relative risk of 9·79 (95% confidence interval, 1·40,68·45) of developing diabetes (P < 0·001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the variables predicting the development of a carbohydrate metabolism disorder in the women after 6 years were body mass index (P < 0·001) and the levels of anti-oxidized LDL antibodies (P = 0·042). Conclusions, Levels of anti-oxidized LDL antibodies are independent predictors for the development of T2DM in women. [source] The reproductive health of daughters of pregestational diabetic women: Medical Birth Registry of NorwayPAEDIATRIC & PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 4 2002Grace M. Egeland Summary Maternal diabetes may have an impact upon a daughter's reproductive health through genetic influences, an altered fetal metabolic environment or both. We examined the reproductive health of daughters of diabetic women using linked generation data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Among all female births between 1967 and 1982 (n = 459 182), 739 had a mother with registered pregestational diabetes, a rate of 1.6 per 1000 deliveries. A total of 142 904 daughters delivered at least one child by 1998. After taking into account differences in survival, we observed no differences in the percentage of childbearing and in the average number of children born by 1998 between daughters with and without a diabetic mother in age-stratified analyses. In analyses limited to singleton deliveries and stratified by mothers' and daughters' diabetic status, we found a threefold excess stillbirth delivery rate among women who had either a mother with pregestational diabetes (2.6%) or pregestational diabetes themselves (2.6%) compared with the stillbirth delivery rate observed in non-diabetic women with no maternal history of diabetes (0.8%). These findings were unaltered in multivariable analyses adjusting for daughters' maternal age and registered obstetric risk factors. Our results indicate that pregestational diabetes remains a health care challenge in Norway and that further evaluation of the reproductive health of daughters of diabetic pregnancies is warranted. [source] Gestational diabetes and offspring body disproportionACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 1 2010F Ahlsson Abstract Aim:, It has been demonstrated that females born large for gestational age (LGA) in weight but not length are at increased risk of being obese at childbearing age. We addressed the question whether women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk of giving birth to such infants. Methods:, Birth characteristics of 884 267 infants of non-diabetic mothers and 7817 of mothers with GDM were analysed. LGA was defined as birth weight or birth length >2 standard deviation scores for gestational age. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. Results:, The odds ratio (OR) for a woman with GDM to give birth to an LGA infant that was heavy alone was four times increased (OR: 3.71, 95% CI: 3.41,4.04). Furthermore, in the population of mothers giving birth to LGA infants, the proportion heavy alone was 68% in the group of women with GDM compared with 64.4% in the group of non-diabetic women. The risks were independent of gender of the foetus. Conclusion:, Women with GDM have an almost four times higher risk of delivering an LGA infant that is heavy alone. The noted disproportion between weight and length in infants of such mothers may have an impact on the risk of later obesity. [source] | ||||||||||