Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Non-diabetic Group (non-diabetic + group)
Selected Abstracts,-Lipoic acid reduces congenital malformations in the offspring of diabetic miceDIABETES/METABOLISM: RESEARCH AND REVIEWS, Issue 3 2009Y. Sugimura Abstract Background The mechanism of diabetes-induced congenital malformation remains to be elucidated. It has been reported that ,-lipoic acid (LA) prevents neural tube defects (NTDs) in offsprings of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Here, we evaluate the protective effect of LA against diabetic embryopathy, including NTDs, cardiovascular malformations (CVMs), and skeletal malformations, in mice. Methods Female mice were rendered hyperglycemic using streptozotocin and then mated with normal male mouse. Pregnant diabetic or non-diabetic mice were treated daily with either LA (100 mg/kg body weight) or saline between gestational days 0 and 18. On day 18, fetuses were examined for congenital malformations. Results Plasma glucose levels on day 18 were not affected by LA treatment. No congenital malformations were observed either in the saline-treated or LA-treated non-diabetic group. In the saline-treated diabetic group, 39% of fetuses had external malformations and 30% had NTDs. In the LA-treated diabetic group, the corresponding proportions were 11 and 8%, respectively. LA treatment also decreased the incidence of CVMs from 30,3% and of skeletal malformations from 29,6%. Conclusions We conclude that LA can reduce NTDs, CVMs and skeletal malformations in the offspring of diabetic mice at term delivery. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The influence of exercise on foot perfusion in diabetesDIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 10 2007D. T. Williams Abstract Aims, Diabetic foot disease is associated with both macro- and microvascular disease. Exercise has both positive and negative effects on the perfusion of lower limbs with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). We aimed to measure changes in foot perfusion following a brief period of lower-limb exercise in individuals with and without Type 2 diabetes and non-critical PAOD. Methods, Subjects were allocated to groups according to the presence or absence of diabetes, PAOD on colour duplex imaging and clinically detectable peripheral neuropaÍthy. Transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPO2), transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension (TcPCO2), ankle-brachial pressure indices, toe pressures and toe-brachial pressure indices (TBI) were measured. Results, One hundred and sixteen limbs were studied in 61 subjects. Post-exercise, toe pressure and TBI increased in the non-diabetic group with arterial disease, but not in the groups with diabetes. Foot TcPO2 values increased in groups with diabetes and TcPCO2 decreased in all groups with arterial disease. Increased chest TcPO2 and decreased TcPCO2 were demonstrated in the groups with diabetes. Conclusions, Elevations in foot TcPO2 and reductions in TcPCO2 indicate improved cutaneous perfusion response to local heating post-exercise. Elevated toe pressures in the non-diabetes group suggest that improved perfusion may be associated with enhanced lower limb macrovascular haemodynamics. However, improvements in TcPO2 and TcPCO2 at foot and chest sites in diabetes imply a global change in cutaneous perfusion. The results suggest that brief exercise results in an improvement in cutaneous perfusion in non-critical PAOD, particularly in individuals with diabetes. [source] Comparison of vasodilator effects of substance P in human forearm vessels of normoalbuminuric Type 1 diabetic and non-diabetic subjectsDIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 3 2000D. R. Meeking Summary Aims To compare the vasodilatory responses to substance P in human forearm vessels in Type 1 normoalbuminuric diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Methods Forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured using a plethysmography technique in 12 normoalbuminuric Type 1 diabetic subjects (six males, six females) (HbA1C 8.2 ± 0.3% (mean ±,sem)) and 12 non-diabetic healthy control subjects in response to the infusion of the vasodilators substance P (SP), acetylcholine (ACh) and nitroprusside. Results There was no significant difference in baseline FBF between the two groups (2.80 ± 0.29 ml/min per 100 ml forearm tissue (diabetic group) vs. 2.85 ± 0.37 ml/min per 100 ml (non-diabetic group), P = 0.45). Infusion of SP was associated with an incremental increase in FBF in the diabetic (0.6, 2 and 6 ng/min , 6.08 ± 1.07, 7.82 ± 1.08 and 9.48 ± 1.14 ml/min per 100 ml, respectively) and the non-diabetic group (0.6, 2 and 6 ng/min , 5.41 ± 0.80, 6.93 ± 0.96 and 9.25 ± 1.11 ml/min per 100 ml, respectively). Similarly, an incremental rise in FBF was observed during infusion of ACh (diabetic group: 7.5, 15 and 30 ,g/min , 7.14 ± 1.22, 8.91 ± 1.40 and 11.67 ± 1.93 ml/min per 100 ml, respectively; non-diabetic group: 7.5, 15 and 30 ,g/min , 5.87 ± 0.81, 7.49 ± 0.96 and 10.74 ± 1.29 ml/min per 100 ml, respectively). When FBF was expressed as percentage change from baseline, there was no significant difference in vasodilatory responses between the two groups for SP (0.6 ng/min, P = 0.21; 2 ng/min, P = 0.19; 6 ng/min, P = 0.19) or ACh (7.5 ,g/min, P = 0.20; 15 ,g/min, P = 0.20; 30 ,g/min, P = 0.35). Conclusions This study suggests that endothelium-dependent vasodilatory responses to SP (and ACh) are not impaired in Type 1 diabetic subjects with normal urinary albumin excretion. [source] Effect of urothelium on bladder contractility in diabetic ratsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 7 2005MURAT KO Abstract Aim: It is known that physiopathological changes in diabetes affect the function of the bladder. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the possible effects of diabetes on the urothelium during this physiopathological process. Methods: Diabetes was induced in rats by tail vein injection of 35 mg/kg streptozotocin. Eight weeks later, intact and denuded bladder strips were prepared from these rats. Electrical field stimulation (EFS; 0.5,32 Hz), carbachol (10,8,10,3 mol/L; cumulative dosage-response curves) and KCl (120 mmol/L) were used for the evaluation of the contractile responses. All responses were expressed as mg tension developed per mg of bladder tissue. Weights of rats and of their bladders, blood glucose levels, and frequency- and concentration,response curves were compared using anova, the paired t -test and the independent t -test. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05. Results: Although no differences related to the weight of bladders of the control and diabetic groups were observed, there were differences in blood glucose levels and body weights between the two groups. Similarly, although there were no differences between the data obtained with EFS and KCl from tissues with intact and denuded strips in the control group, carbachol responses significantly differed between intact and denuded strips in the non-diabetic group. These differences were not observed in the diabetic group. In the control groups, in the presence of additional strips with intact urothelium placed in the medium containing denuded tissue, the differences in contractile responses between the intact control strip and the denuded strip disappeared. Conclusions: Diabetes possibly changes the interaction between the relaxant factors that are released from urothelium and muscarinic stimulation, but these interactions are not completely understood yet. Consequently, the response of the bladder to contractile stimulants is also affected. Further studies are required to reveal the mechanism by which diabetes influences the urothelium. [source] Mortality in diabetic patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery: a 7-year follow-up studyACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 6 2009M. KROLIKOWSKA Background: The prognosis of diabetic patients after non-cardiac surgery remains controversial. This study was designed to compare the long-term mortality between diabetic and non-diabetic control patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery and to evaluate the possible risk factors. Methods: We investigated 274 consecutive diabetic patients and 282 non-diabetic control patients who underwent non-cardiac surgery within 1 year in a tertiary care hospital in Finland. The control group was matched for the same type of operations. Patients were followed for up to 7 years on average. The main outcome measure was mortality within 7 years. Results: Mortality both in the short-term postoperatively (,21 days) and in the long-term (up to 87 ½ months) was significantly higher in the diabetic patients compared with the non-diabetic group: 3.5 vs. 0% (P<0.05) and 37.2 vs. 15% (P<0.00001), respectively. The major causes of death among diabetic subjects were diseases of the cardiovascular system (56.8%) compared with non-diabetic patients (18.6%), P<0.0001. We found that diabetes mellitus per se is not a risk factor for post-operative mortality but a combination of variables had a significant effect on both short- and long-term mortality. Conclusion: Diabetic patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery had a significantly higher incidence of short-term post-operative and long-term mortality compared with non-diabetic subjects. We propose a model of predictors of death among diabetic individuals undergoing non-cardiac surgery within a 7-year follow-up. The majority of deaths were associated with cardiovascular diseases. [source] | ||||||||||