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Normative Sample (normative + sample)
Selected AbstractsCan solving of wordchains be explained by phonological skills alone?DYSLEXIA, Issue 1 2010Arve E. Asbjørnsen Abstract The present study focussed on the determinants for effective solving of the Wordchains Test (WCT) in a normative sample of Norwegian junior high-school students. Forty voluntary participants from a rural school district in Western Norway completed the WCT along with tests of general intellectual capacity, single word and non-word reading, auditory working memory, and visual scanning. All measures correlated significantly with each other except for general non-verbal abilities were not correlated with visual scanning. A stepwise multiple regression analysis, using the WCT as the dependent variable, yielded a model that included single word reading, letter recognition, and working memory as independent variables. This model accounted for 75% of the variance in WCT performance. This finding suggests that phonological skills only have an indirect influence on WCT performance. Thus, the core deficit in dyslexia, i.e. impaired phonological skills, may be related to the development of word recognition skills, but have no direct effect on the WCT performance in a normative sample. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Family history, self-perceptions, attitudes and cognitive abilities are associated with early adolescent reading skillsJOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN READING, Issue 1 2006Elizabeth G. Conlon This study evaluated a model of reading skills among early adolescents (N=174). Measures of family history, achievement, cognitive processes and self-perceptions of abilities were obtained. Significant relationships were found between family history and children's single-word reading skills, spelling, reading comprehension, orthographic processing and children's perceived reading competence. While children with poor reading skills were five times more likely to come from a family with a history of reading difficulties, this measure did not account for additional variance in reading performance after other variables were included. Phonological, orthographic, rapid sequencing and children's perceived reading competence made significant independent contributions towards reading and spelling outcomes. Reading comprehension was explained by orthographic processing, nonverbal ability, children's attitudes towards reading and word identification. Thus, knowledge of family history and children's attitudes and perceptions towards reading provides important additional information when evaluating reading skills among a normative sample of early adolescents. [source] Quality of life and disability assessment in neuropathy: a multicentre studyJOURNAL OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, Issue 1 2005Luca Padua Abstract Neuropathy can severely affect patients' quality of life (QoL), causing disability and decreased motor efficiency while modifying their perception of the external environment. We performed a large, multiperspective, and multimeasurement assessment using validated clinical measurements of disability and QoL. With regard to general disability, more than 10% of patients needed assistance to walk. With regard to arm disability, about 10% of patients had severe disability defined as impairment in carrying out simple tasks. General disability was similar both in polyneuropathic and multineuropathic groups, but arm disability appeared more severe in multineuropathic patients. QoL profiles were highly deteriorated in our sample with respect to the Italian normative sample. All age brackets were highly impaired except for older patients for whom the QoL picture was only mildly impaired with respect to Italian norms. We believe that our study provides reliable data on QoL in patients with neuropathies and that it may represent a quantitative step forward in understanding the disability of patients with neuropathy. [source] Millon Behavioral Health Inventory Scores of Patients With Chronic Pain Associated with Myofascial Pain SyndromePAIN MEDICINE, Issue 4 2001David A. Fishbain MSc, FAPA Objectives., Normative data for the coping styles and psychogenic attitudes of the Millon Behavioral Health Inventory (MBHI) for male and female chronic pain patients (CPPs) with mixed pain diagnoses have previously been reported and compared with normative MBHI manual data. However, results from other studies have suggested that CPPs with myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) may need to be considered as a distinct group in psychiatric/psychological studies. The purpose of the present study was then to provide normative data for each MBHI scale for male and female CPPs with MPS and to compare these data with MBHI manual norms for similarities and differences. Setting.,Multidisciplinary pain facility. Patients.,CPPs with an associated diagnosis of MPS. Outcome Measure.,MBHI base rate scores. Methods. CPPs with an associated diagnosis of MPS were first broken down into two groups: males and females. Analyses were then performed using the MBHI base rate scores of these two groups. For each group, the percentages of CPPs who had a base rate of 75 or above were calculated for each individual coping style and psychogenic attitude. These percentages were then compared by chi square with percentages of patients with base rate scores of 75 or above for each coping style and psychogenic attitude to the MBHI Manual normative sample. Results., Female CPPs with MPS differed from MBHI Manual normative counterparts on two of the six psychogenic attitude scales (future despair and somatic anxiety); no differences were found in any of the eight coping style scales. Male CPPs with MPS differed from MBHI Manual normative counterparts on one coping style scale (sociable) and three psychogenic attitude scales (premorbid pessimism, future despair, and somatic anxiety). Conclusions., The pattern of the results indicated that CPPs with MPS, especially males, differ from the MBHI Manual normative data counterparts. These differences appear to be greater than those for CPPs with mixed pain diagnoses. Differences in MBHI scale scores between CPPs with MPS and MBHI Manual normative data counterparts may be related to a number of issues, such as whether differences in state factors reflecting depression and anxiety might affect trait factors purportedly measured by the MBHI. [source] Caregiver and patient marital satisfaction and affect following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a prospective, longitudinal investigationPSYCHO-ONCOLOGY, Issue 3 2003Shelby Langer The process of stem cell transplantation (SCT) is both intra and inter dependent; like patients, spousal caregivers (CGs) are affected by the experience. Few empirical investigations have focused on the needs of CGs or dyadic differences over the course of adaptation,the foci of the present study. SCT recipients and spousal CGs (n=131 dyads) completed the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale at three time points: pre-transplant, 6 months post-transplant and 1 year post-transplant. A separate, non-medical group completed the POMS as a normative sample. CGs reported higher levels of depression and anxiety as compared to patients and non-medical norms. With respect to marital satisfaction, couples were matched in their perceptions of the relationship prior to transplantation but grew mismatched over time. Six months and 1 year post-transplant, CGs reported lower levels of marital satisfaction relative to their patient counterparts. Counter to prediction, change in CG marital satisfaction (from pre-transplant to 1 year post-transplant) was predicted only by CG gender, not patient physical, nor psychosocial characteristics. Findings offer implications for person-specific and relationship-protective interventions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Divergence of Fine and Gross Motor Skills in Prelingually Deaf Children: Implications for Cochlear Implantation,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 8 2006David L. Horn MD Abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to assess relations between fine and gross motor development and spoken language processing skills in pediatric cochlear implant users. Study Design: The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of longitudinal data. Methods: Prelingually deaf children who received a cochlear implant before age 5 and had no known developmental delay or cognitive impairment were included in the study. Fine and gross motor development were assessed before implantation using the Vineland Adaptive Behavioral Scales, a standardized parental report of adaptive behavior. Fine and gross motor scores reflected a given child's motor functioning with respect to a normative sample of typically developing, normal-hearing children. Relations between these preimplant scores and postimplant spoken language outcomes were assessed. Results: In general, gross motor scores were found to be positively related to chronologic age, whereas the opposite trend was observed for fine motor scores. Fine motor scores were more strongly correlated with postimplant expressive and receptive language scores than gross motor scores. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a disassociation between fine and gross motor development in prelingually deaf children: fine motor skills, in contrast to gross motor skills, tend to be delayed as the prelingually deaf children get older. These findings provide new knowledge about the links between motor and spoken language development and suggest that auditory deprivation may lead to atypical development of certain motor and language skills that share common cortical processing resources. [source] Development of a Brief Waiting Room Observation for Behaviours Typical of Reactive Attachment DisorderCHILD AND ADOLESCENT MENTAL HEALTH, Issue 2 2010Alexis McLaughlin Objective:, To develop a brief standardised observational schedule for Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) in school-age children to aid clinician recognition of these behaviours. Design:, A new structured observational schedule for symptoms of RAD was developed using unstructured observation of children in a clinic waiting room setting. The measure's ability to discriminate between a sample of children with RAD and a normative sample was established by comparing scores in these two groups. Method:, Children aged 5,8 years (n = 77 [38 RAD cases and 39 controls]) were observed with their primary caregiver in a standardised waiting room setting. A structured observational tool was developed that tested the reliability, sensitivity and specificity of each item. Results:, The schedule has good internal consistency (0.75). The individual items on the observational schedule were predominantly highly discriminatory between cases and comparisons, showing both reasonable sensitivity and excellent specificity. Certain questions were dropped due to poor discrimination and/or poor inter-rater reliability. Conclusion:, The 10-item observational schedule for RAD in school-age children provides a promising tool for assessment, although further research will be required to evaluate its ability to discriminate between RAD and other disorders. [source] Validity and clinical feasibility of the ADHD rating scale (ADHD-RS) A Danish Nationwide Multicenter StudyACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 2 2009N Szomlaiski Abstract Aim: To establish the validity of a Danish version of the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale (ADHD-RS), secondly to present national norm scores compared to that of United States and other European data and thirdly to evaluate ADHD-RS when used for monitoring treatment effectiveness. Methods: A Danish translation of the ADHD-RS was used on a normative sample of 837 children. Two clinical samples, 138 hyperkinetic disorder (HKD) cases and 110 clinical controls were recruited from eleven Danish Child and Adolescent Mental Health (CAMH) centres and assessed according to usual clinical standards. The HKD children were rated by parents and teachers at baseline and at follow-up 3 months later. Results: Internal validity of ADHD-RS was high and the factor structure supported the diagnostic classification system ICD-10. The questionnaire discriminated HKD patients in a mixed clinical sample, and was sensitive to change in symptom load as measured before and after commencing of the treatment. Conclusion: The Danish version of ADHD-RS is valid and clinically feasible when measuring HKD symptom load in a CAMH-setting. The questionnaire provides useful data in patient management, quality improvement and service planning as well as in effectiveness studies of different interventions for patients with HKD and related disorders in routine clinical settings. [source] Interpersonal profiles in major depressive disorderJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2007Marna S. Barrett Although patients with mood disorders report interpersonal difficulties in addition to depression or anxiety, few studies have examined interpersonal patterns in those patients. Here the authors' goals were to (a) identify the interpersonal pattern in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), (b) determine interpersonal differences between subgroups of MDD patients, and (c) examine the interpersonal patterns of comorbid MDD patients. One- hundred forty-one MDD adults participated in an ongoing randomized clinical trial of treatments for depression. Interpersonal profiles revealed that MDD patients were significantly more distressed by interpersonal problems than normative samples. Furthermore, MDD patients with depressive personality disorder reported more interpersonal distress than MDD-only patients report and were more likely to have interpersonal problems related to dominance and control than submissiveness. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 63: 247,266, 2007. [source] Indicators of anxiety and depression in women with the fragile X premutation: assessment of a clinical sampleJOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH, Issue 7 2010A. Lachiewicz Abstract Background Current research suggests that depression and anxiety may be common problems in women with the fragile X (FMR1) premutation. Methods To learn more about this in a clinical setting, we asked 33 women with the FMR1 premutation and 20 women without the FMR1 premutation to complete the Brief Carroll Depression Scale (Brief CDS) and the Multidimensional Anxiety Questionnaire (MAQ) and to provide information about mental health medication use. Questionnaire findings were compared between groups and with normative samples. Trinucleotide (CGG) repeat counts were also correlated to checklist findings. Results Both women with the FMR1 premutation and the comparison group had high current mental health medication use (33% vs. 35%). Approximately 1/3 of the women from both groups had high Brief CDS Total T-scores (33% vs. 30%). More women with the FMR1 premutation had at least one elevated MAQ Total or sub-scale T-score than the comparison group (39% vs. 10%, P = 0.03). Twenty-one per cent of women with the FMR1 premutation had all three of the indicators of distress targeted in this study vs. none of the women in the comparison samples (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant correlation between CGG repeat size and abnormal checklist findings using the Spearman rank correlation, although a higher percentage of women with >100 CGG repeats (57%) had an elevated Brief CDS Total T-score than women with ,100 CGG repeats (16%) (P = 0.02). More women with >100 CGG repeats also had all three indicators of anxiety and depression (P = 0.03). Conclusions Women with the FMR1 premutation appear to have a high incidence of depression and increased symptoms of anxiety. Screening tools like the Brief CDS and the MAQ may be useful to identify these women in the clinic setting. Positive identification could lead to increased mental health care and treatment. [source] The prevalence of PTSD following the violent death of a child and predictors of change 5 years laterJOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS, Issue 1 2003Shirley A. Murphy Abstract In this study, we examined the violent death bereavement trajectories of 173 parents by following them prospectively for 5 years after their children's deaths by accident, suicide, homicide, or undetermined causes. Using latent growth curve methodology, we examined how the initial level of PTSD and the rate of change over time were influenced by 9 predictors: the deceased children's causes of death, parents' gender, self-esteem, 3 coping strategies, perceived social support, concurrent levels of mental distress, and an intervention offered in early bereavement. Six of the nine factors predicted initial levels of PTSD: however, only parents' gender and perceived social support predicted change in PTSD over the 5-year time. Five years postdeath, 3 times as many study mothers (27.7%) met diagnostic criteria for PTSD and twice as many study fathers (12.5%) met diagnostic criteria for PTSD compared with the normative samples. [source] Psychosocial adjustment in children of mothers with breast cancerPSYCHO-ONCOLOGY, Issue 5 2001Lizbeth A. Hoke Thirty-five children of 28 mothers diagnosed with breast cancer during the previous year were compared to 34 children of 24 mothers with recent benign breast biopsies. Mothers and children, ages 8,16, completed questionnaires about mood, behavior problems and social functioning to assess whether children of mothers with breast cancer were at increased risk for adjustment problems. Significant differences were not found between children in the breast cancer group and the comparison group on any of the measures, even though mothers with breast cancer reported more psychological distress than mothers with benign biopsies. In addition, children in both groups were functioning better than normative samples on some adjustment measures. Variables measuring the mother's illness and treatment were not significantly related to children's adjustment in the breast cancer group. Findings suggested that some adolescents whose mothers had breast cancer did better in social and academic activities when their mothers were more distressed, while adolescents whose mothers had benign biopsies did less well when their mothers were distressed. The study's small sample size limits conclusions that can be drawn; however, clinical and research implications are discussed, given other reports that some children of parents with cancer may experience adjustment problems. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Intensive family preservation services: an examination of critical service componentsCHILD & FAMILY SOCIAL WORK, Issue 3 2000Bagley A treatment programme for child victims of sexual abuse within the family has been evaluated in terms of psychological and behavioural outcomes for the young people two years after beginning therapy. The Canadian programme was based on principles established by Giarretto in his Child Sexual Abuse Treatment Program (CSATP). Screening by child protection workers selected potential candidates. However, because of limited resources, referral of less than half of the originally screened families was made, even though they were judged suitable for participation. This made available an untreated comparison group (n = 30), similar in many ways to the treated families (n = 27). After two years the treated adolescents had largely recovered levels of self-esteem obtained in normative samples, and depressive affect had diminished markedly, as had problem behaviours. By contrast, the untreated adolescents had retained low levels of self-esteem, and high levels of depression. Negative behaviours (delinquency, running away from home, acts of deliberate self-harm) had deteriorated after two years. This was linked both to further within-family abuse (in a fifth), followed by a drift in some into street life. Despite its apparent success, the CSATP could not be continued because of lack of funding, and problems in maintaining a community development model for supporting a humanistic programme. [source] Covert fears and anxiety in asthma and congenital heart disease,CHILD: CARE, HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 4 2001S Gupta Summary Aim To compare anxiety, fears and behavioural problems in children with asthma and children with congenital heart disease, and with the normative population. To also review the influence of maternal anxiety, time since diagnosis and severity of disease. Design Children administered Fear Survey Scale (FSSC-R) and Child Manifest Anxiety Scale (R-CMAS). Mothers given Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and State Trait Anxiety Scale (STAI-S and STAI-T). Normative means and SDs compared with means and SDs for both medical groups. The mother's scores on the STAI-S and STAI-T scales were correlated with the child's scores on the FSSC-R and the R-CMAS. Setting Outpatient Asthma and Cardiology multidisciplinary Clinics at a tertiary care paediatric facility, Alberta Children's Hospital. Subjects: Forty children with asthma (aged 6,17 years) were compared with 39 children with congenital heart disease. Intake questionnaires and interviews determined these children to be without obvious psycho-social problems. Results Children with asthma and children with congenital heart disease had more medical fears, and more physiological anxiety than normative samples. Increased maternal anxiety was correlated in both groups with increased child anxiety, medical fears and behavioural problems in the child. Similarly, increased severity of asthma or cardiac problems was associated with more physiological anxiety and more fears. Less time since diagnosis of the disease adversely affected social interactions in both groups of children. Conclusion Physiological anxiety, medical fears and maternal anxiety are important issues requiring attention in asthma and cardiac disease, even in the absence of obvious psychosocial problems. There may be specific problems with a recent diagnosis of a chronic illness. [source] | ||||||||||||||||