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Normal Volume (normal + volume)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences60%

Selected Abstracts

Normal volume of distribution of tobramycin in a mother and daughter with a CFTR splice mutation (1717,,,1G,,,A)

PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY, Issue 4 2002
Dawn Simon MD
Abstract A mother and daughter pair with CF who shared a splice mutation (1717,,,1G,,,A) had a normal volume of distribution of tobramycin. The literature on tobramycin pharmacokinetics, which was published before the genetic defect was identified, is discussed. The authors speculate on the role of CFTR in the distribution of aminoglycosides and recommend that CFTR mutations should be clarified in all future studies of tobramycin pharmacokinetics in patients with CF. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 33:315-317. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Hydrodynamics-based procedure involves transient hyperpermeability in the hepatic cellular membrane: implication of a nonspecific process in efficient intracellular gene delivery

THE JOURNAL OF GENE MEDICINE, Issue 5 2004
Naoki Kobayashi
Abstract Background The mechanisms underlying the efficient gene transfer by a large-volume and high-speed intravenous injection of naked plasmid DNA (pDNA), a so-called hydrodynamics-based procedure, remain unclear and require further investigation. In this report, we have investigated possible mechanisms for the intracellular transport of naked pDNA by this procedure. Methods Propidium iodide (PI), a fluorescent indicator for cell membrane integrity, and luciferase- or green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing pDNA were injected into mice by the hydrodynamics-based procedure. Results PI was efficiently taken up by hepatocytes which appeared to be viable following the hydrodynamics-based procedure. Pre-expressed GFP in the cytosol was rapidly eliminated from the hepatocytes by a large-volume injection of saline. The profiles of plasma ALT and AST showed a steady decline with the highest values observed immediately after the hydrodynamics-based procedure. These results suggest that the hydrodynamics-based procedure produces a transient increase in the permeability of the cell membrane. The cellular uptake process appeared nonspecific, since simultaneous injection of an excess of empty vector did not affect the transgene expression. Sequential injections of a large volume of pDNA-free saline followed by naked pDNA in a normal volume revealed that the increase in membrane permeability was transient, with a return to normal conditions within 30 min. Transgene expression was observed in hepatocyte cultures isolated 10 min after pDNA delivery and in the liver as early as 10 min after luciferase-expressing RNA delivery, indicating that pDNA delivered immediately by the hydrodynamics-based procedure has the potential to produce successful transgene expression. Conclusions These findings suggest that the mechanism for the hydrodynamics-based gene transfer would involve in part the direct cytosolic delivery of pDNA through the cell membrane due to transiently increased permeability. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Right Ventricular Function in Congenital Heart Defects Assessed by Regional Wall Motion

CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE, Issue 3 2010
FSCAI, Michael R. Nihill MB
ABSTRACT Objectives., To develop a simple method to assess right ventricular function by angiography. Background., Conventional methods of evaluating right ventricular function are inaccurate, cumbersome, and expensive. Methods., We analyzed biplane right ventricular angiograms taken in the posterior,anterior and lateral projections using software to measure right ventricular volumes and regional wall motion in 78 patients with normal hearts (n = 29), atrial septal defects (ASD n = 13), pulmonary valve stenosis (PVS n = 21), and postoperative atrial switch patients (n = 15). We also measured the shortening fraction (SF) from the midtricuspid annulus to the septum and correlated various angiographic measurements with the right ventricular (RV) ejection fraction. Results., The volume-overloaded patients (ASD) had larger end diastolic volumes and increased SF compared with normal patients, while the pressure-loaded patients (PVS) had normal volumes and SF. The postoperative atrial switch patients had decreased systolic function and increased end diastolic volume. The SF for all of the patients correlated with the ejection fraction (r= 0.785, P, .0001). Conclusions., A simple measurement of the end diastolic and end systolic distance from the midtricuspid annulus to the septum (SF) provides a good index of RV function by angiography and correlates well with RV ejection fraction. [source]

Implementation and Validation of the Teleshake Unit for DNA IQÔ Robotic Extraction and Development of a Large Volume DNA IQÔ Method

JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES, Issue 3 2010
Jennifer C. Grubb B.A.
Abstract:, Automated platforms used for forensic casework sample DNA extraction need to be versatile to accommodate a wide variety of sample types, thus protocols frequently need modification. In this study, DNA IQÔ methods previously developed for the Biomek® 2000 Automation Workstation were adapted for the Teleshake Unit using normal volumes and all deepwell extraction, and a large volume DNA IQÔ method developed. DNA purification without detectable contamination of adjacent reagent blanks is reported in the extraction of tissue samples containing several micrograms of DNA. Sensitivity and contamination studies demonstrated similar performance with the manual organic extraction method for bloodstain dilution samples. Mock casework samples demonstrated the effectiveness of the Teleshake and Teleshake large volume methods. Because of the performance and increased versatility of the DNA IQÔ extraction with these modifications, the Teleshake Unit has been implemented in both normal and large volume automated DNA extractions at the Virginia Department of Forensic Science. [source]