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Normal Nutrition (normal + nutrition)
Selected AbstractsEffect of a gluten-free diet on growth and small-bowel histology in children with celiac disease in IndiaJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 8 2007Surender K Yachha Abstract Background and Aim:, Follow-up studies on growth and histological recovery of children with celiac disease (CD) while on a gluten-free diet (GFD) are lacking from Asia. We therefore assessed the effects of this diet. Methods:, Forty-two children with CD were enrolled. Weight and height were expressed as weight for height (WfH) and height standard deviation scores (HSDS), respectively. Twenty-five children had repeated duodenal biopsies after 1,2 years and 14 had a third biopsy after 3,7 years of GFD. Compliance was checked by regular interview and IgA antiendomysial antibody estimation (EMA). Results:, At diagnosis (n = 25), mean HSDS was ,3.3 ± 1.6 with 76% having a HSDS of <,2; 60% were undernourished (WfH mean 81.6 ± 5.7). Over a mean follow up of 3.7 years, HSDS improved to ,1.3 ± 1.7 and 84% cases achieved normal nutrition. Mean height velocity was 13.9 cm during first year and 5.6 cm in subsequent years. Small-bowel biopsies at diagnosis showed subtotal villous atrophy (Marsh IIIb) in 18 (72%) and partial villous atrophy (Marsh IIIa) in seven (28%) patients. Repeat biopsy at 1,2 years showed shift from subtotal to partial villous atrophy in 94% (n = 17/18) and normalization in one patient. In patients with Marsh IIIa improvement of partial villous atrophy was observed in all. Immunoglobulin A endomysial antibody was negative in 81%. Repeat biopsies at 5 years of GFD showed improvement to Marsh I,II, but none normalized. Conclusion:, The majority of children with CD show normalization of nutrition and growth after GFD. Small-bowel histology improves markedly but does not normalize even after 5 years of GFD. [source] Malnutrition as an enteric infectious disease with long-term effects on child developmentNUTRITION REVIEWS, Issue 9 2008Richard L Guerrant Malnutrition is a major contributor to mortality and is increasingly recognized as a cause of potentially lifelong functional disability. Yet, a rate-limiting step in achieving normal nutrition may be impaired absorptive function due to multiple repeated enteric infections. This is especially problematic in children whose diets are marginal. In malnourished individuals, the infections are even more devastating. This review documents the evidence that intestinal infections lead to malnutrition and that malnutrition worsens intestinal infections. The clinical data presented here derive largely from long-term cohort studies that are supported by controlled animal studies. Also reviewed are the mechanisms by which enteric infections lead to undernutrition and by which malnutrition worsens enteric infections, with implications for potential novel interventions. Further intervention studies are needed to document the relevance of these mechanisms and, most importantly, to interrupt the vicious diarrhea-malnutrition cycle so children may develop their full potential. [source] Ketotic hypoglycemia in patients with allergic diseasesPEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 6 2003Tomoyo Matsubara AbstractBackground:,Ketotic hypoglycemia is the most common cause of recurrent hypoglycemia in early childhood but its etiology is poorly understood. Elimination diets have been used for the prevention or treatment of some allergic diseases; however, these diets entail a risk to the normal nutrition and growth of children. The present study investigated whether elimination diets are related to the occurrence of ketotic hypoglycemia. Methods:,The prevalence of allergy treated with elimination diet therapy was retrospectively investigated in 18 patients with ketotic hypoglycemia seen in Yamaguchi University Hospital between January 1995 and September 1999. Data were gathered by reviewing the patients' medical charts. Results:,Ten (55.6%) of 18 patients with ketotic hypoglycemia had allergic diseases. Six (60%) of the patients had been treated with strict elimination diets and the others were on incomplete elimination diets for the prevention of allergy. The ketotic hypoglycemia patients with allergic diseases had experienced fewer pre-existing infectious diseases than those without allergic diseases. Conclusions:,Patients with allergic diseases treated with elimination diets have a relatively high tendency towards developing ketotic hypoglycemia. They might have a lower capacity to tolerate fasting due to their excessive avoidance of many foods, even during periods when they are not undergoing strict elimination diets. [source] Influence of dietary intervention on growth in children with hypercholesterolaemiaACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 9 2003M Sánchez-Bayle Aim: To determine whether a moderately reduced fat diet affects longitudinal growth in children with hypercholesterolaemia with a mean duration of 7.42 ± 1.93 y. Methods: Subjects with hypercholesterolaemia, total cholesterol above 5.18 mmol/L and LDL-cholesterol above 3.49 mmol/L (n= 144; 69 males and 75 females) from 2 to 13 y of age were studied. Patients were seen in our outpatient department for regular health check-ups. Weight and height were measured every year. At the same time, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, HDL-C, A-apoprotein and B-apoprotein levels were analysed. Furthermore, degrees of compliance at 1 mo, 6 mo and each year after starting the dietary treatment were determined. Results: No significant change in height or weight was found after fat restriction. In contrast, significant reductions in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and B-apoprotein levels of 19%, 24% and 14%, respectively, were detected. Finally, no significant differences were seen in HDL-cholesterol, A-apoprotein or triglycerides. Conclusions: These data support the hypothesis that growth is not influenced by moderate fat restriction in healthy children who otherwise have normal nutrition. [source] | ||||||||||