Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (norepinephrine + reuptake_inhibitor)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclic Cycloalkanol Ethylamines as Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors.

CHEMINFORM, Issue 42 2010
Joseph P. Sabatucci
Abstract A variety of heterocyclic cycloalkanol ethylamines are synthesized and evaluated as norephedrine reuptake inhibitors. [source]


A double-blind study of the efficacy of venlafaxine extended-release, paroxetine, and placebo in the treatment of panic disorder

DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY, Issue 1 2007
Mark H. Pollack M.D.
Abstract To date, no large-scale, controlled trial comparing a serotonin,norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor with placebo for the treatment of panic disorder has been reported. This double-blind study compares the efficacy of venlafaxine extended-release (ER) and paroxetine with placebo. A total of 664 nondepressed adult outpatients who met DSM-IV criteria for panic disorder (with or without agoraphobia) were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of treatment with placebo or fixed-dose venlafaxine ER (75,mg/day or 150,mg/day), or paroxetine 40,mg/day. The primary measure was the percentage of patients free from full-symptom panic attacks, assessed with the Panic and Anticipatory Anxiety Scale (PAAS). Secondary measures included the Panic Disorder Severity Scale, Clinical Global Impressions,Severity (CGI-S) and ,Improvement (CGI-I) scales; response (CGI-I rating of very much improved or much improved), remission (CGI-S rating of not at all ill or borderline ill and no PAAS full-symptom panic attacks); and measures of depression, anxiety, phobic fear and avoidance, anticipatory anxiety, functioning, and quality of life. Intent-to-treat, last observation carried forward analysis showed that mean improvement on most measures was greater with venlafaxine ER or paroxetine than with placebo. No significant differences were observed between active treatment groups. Panic-free rates at end point with active treatment ranged from 54% to 61%, compared with 35% for placebo. Approximately 75% of patients given active treatment were responders, and nearly 45% achieved remission. The placebo response rate was slightly above 55%, with remission near 25%. Adverse events were mild or moderate and similar between active treatment groups. Venlafaxine ER and paroxetine were effective and well tolerated in the treatment of panic disorder. Depression and Anxiety 24:1,14, 2007. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]


Achieving remission with venlafaxine and fluoxetine in major depression: its relationship to anxiety symptoms

DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY, Issue 1 2002
Jonathan R.T. Davidson M.D., M.B.A.
Abstract Venlafaxine, a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), produces significantly higher remission rates in depressed patients than do the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). In this analysis of pooled data, we explored the relationship between differences in treatment efficacy, early improvement of symptoms, and severity of baseline anxiety in depressed patients treated with either venlafaxine or fluoxetine. A pooled analysis was performed on data from 1,454 outpatients with major depression from five double-blind, randomized studies comparing the 6-week efficacy of venlafaxine (542 patients) with fluoxetine (555 patients). The Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAM-D) total and item scores were analyzed at different treatment times up to 6 weeks. Venlafaxine and fluoxetine both produced statistically significant higher response and remission rates compared with placebo starting from week 2 for response and weeks 3 to 4 for remission. Venlafaxine was statistically significantly superior to fluoxetine from week 3 until week 6 in respect of response rate, and from week 2 until week 6 for remission rate. After 1 week of treatment, greater improvement in individual symptoms was observed in the depressed mood, suicide, and psychic anxiety items of the HAM-D scale for both venlafaxine- and fluoxetine-treated patients compared with placebo. Improvement in psychic anxiety was statistically significantly greater with venlafaxine than with fluoxetine. The presence of baseline psychic anxiety correlated significantly to treatment outcome when analyzing the remission rates. In depressed patients with moderate anxiety (HAM-D psychic anxiety score ,2), venlafaxine statistically significantly increased remission rates compared with placebo from week 4 until week 6, while a significant effect of fluoxetine on remission rates was observed starting at week 6. Remission rates in the severely anxious depressed patients (score >2) were statistically significantly higher with venlafaxine than placebo starting from week 3 until the end of the study period, but no difference could be observed between fluoxetine and placebo. Baseline severity of psychic anxiety had a significant impact on remission rates after treatment of patients diagnosed with depression. Venlafaxine's superior remission rates in the more severely anxious patients and its ability to improve psychic anxiety as early as week 1 compared with fluoxetine suggest that venlafaxine's early efficacy on anxiety symptoms may be the basis for its superior efficacy in depression. Depression and Anxiety 16:4,13, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]


The efficacy of reboxetine in the treatment-refractory patients with panic disorder: an open label study

HUMAN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL, Issue 7 2002
P. N. Dannon
Abstract Background and Objective Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are currently the first-line treatment for panic disorder, although up to 30% of patients either do not respond to SSRIs or withdraw due to adverse events. Reboxetine, a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (selective NRI), is effective in treating depression and may alleviate depression-related anxiety. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of reboxetine in the treatment of patients with panic disorder who did not respond to SSRIs. Method In this 6-week, open-label study, 29 adult outpatients with panic disorder who had previously failed to respond to SSRI treatment received reboxetine 2,mg/day, titrated to a maximum of 8,mg/day over the first 10 days. Efficacy was assessed using the Panic Self-Questionnaire (PSQ), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A), the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale. Results The 24 patients who completed the study responded well to reboxetine treatment. Significant improvement (p,<,0.001) was observed in the number of daily panic attacks, and on the scales measuring anxiety, depression and functioning. Reboxetine was generally well tolerated. Five patients withdrew due to adverse events. Conclusions Reboxetine appears to be effective in the treatment of SSRI-refractory panic disorder patients and warrants further clinical investigation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


Monoamine reuptake inhibitors: highlights of recent research developments

DRUG DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, Issue 3 2005
Magnus W. WalterArticle first published online: 21 NOV 200
Abstract Monoamine reuptake inhibitors are in clinical use for the treatment of major psychiatric disorders. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are widely used in the treatment of depression. Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are used in the treatment of ADHD and depression. Compounds that enhance multiple monoamines appear to have synergistic effects and have been used for various indications. This review presents highlights from the literature on monoamine reuptake inhibitors published between 2000 and July 2005. It focuses on novel structure-activity relationship studies in established classes of monoamine reuptake inhibitors and structurally novel types. Drug Dev. Res. 65:97,118, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]


Advances in the enantioseparation of second-generation antidepressant drugs by electrodriven methods

ELECTROPHORESIS, Issue 1 2006
Roberto Mandrioli
Abstract Stereochemistry is steadily increasing in importance in the development of new drugs, and the availability of pure enantiomer drugs can make therapy safer and more efficacious. In particular, almost all second-generation antidepressant drugs possess one or more chiral centres; however, only some of them are administered as single enantiomers. A fundamental part of the quality control of pharmaceutical formulations is the determination of enantiomeric excess and enantiomeric purity; this is also important for the therapeutic drug monitoring of depressed patients. For this purpose, efficient and reliable analytical methods are needed and electrodriven techniques (most of all CE, CEC and MEKC) are very efficient and inexpensive candidates for the role. In this review, the enantioselective electrodriven methods available for the analysis of second-generation antidepressant are presented and discussed. In particular, the following pharmacological classes of antidepressants will be considered: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (fluoxetine, citalopram, paroxetine, sertraline); norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (reboxetine); serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (venlafaxine, milnacipran, duloxetine); and noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants (mirtazapine). [source]


Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) in anxiety disorders: a comprehensive review of their clinical efficacy

HUMAN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL, Issue 1 2010
Bernardo Dell'Osso
Abstract Anxiety disorders are common psychiatric conditions that typically require long-term treatment. This review summarizes current knowledge of the pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders with serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) with specific emphasis on the findings of recent randomized clinical trials and relevant neurobiological investigations. It is now well established that gabaergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic systems play a critical role in the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders, abnormalities in these systems being related to structural and functional alterations in specific brain areas such as the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, locus coeruleus and hippocampus, as repeatedly shown by neuroimaging studies. SNRIs selectively inhibit norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake and have shown to be efficacious and generally well tolerated treatments in patients with anxiety disorders, with some potential clinical advantages over selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which are considered by many to represent first-line pharmacological treatments in patients with anxiety disorders. Anxiety disorders are characterized by a typically chronic course, high rates of comorbidity and frequent partial response to standard treatments, and the increasing use of SNRIs reflects currently unmet clinical need, in terms of overall response, remission rates and treatment tolerability. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]