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Nicotiana Tabacum L. (nicotiana + tabacum_l)
Selected AbstractsPlant preference in relation to life history traits in the zoophytophagous predator Dicyphus hesperusENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA, Issue 1 2004Juan Antonio Sanchez Abstract Dicyphus hesperus Knight (Heteroptera: Miridae) is an omnivorous predator used to control pests of greenhouse vegetables. Plant preferences and life history traits were studied using nine plant species: Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (Solanaceae), Capsicum annuum L. (Solanaceae), Verbascum thapsus L. (Scrophulariaceae), Nepeta cataria L. (Lamiaceae), Stachys albotomentosa (Lamiaceae), Nicotiana tabacum L. (Solanaceae), Vicia sativa L. (Fabaceae), Zea mays L. (Gramineae), and Chrysanthemum coronarium L. (Asteraceae). Plants were selected from among potential target crops, natural hosts, plants used for mass rearing, and plants on which D. hesperus has not been reported. Plant preference was measured by multi-choice host plant selection and oviposition assays. Development and reproduction were measured on each of the plant species on both a plant diet alone and on a plant diet supplemented with Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs. Dicyphus hesperus females and nymphs expressed a preference for some plants over others. Plant preference ranged from low preference plants, such as Z. mays, V. sativa, C. coronarium, and C. annuum, to high preference plants such as V. thapsus, N. tabacum, and S. albotomentosa. When E. kuehniella eggs were supplied, there were few differences in the development time and fecundity of D. hesperus among plants, with the exception of corn and broad bean, where fecundity was lower. On a plant diet alone, nymphs were able to complete their development on V. thapsus, C. annuum, and N. cataria. However, mortality and development time were much lower on V. thapsus than on C. annuum and N. cataria. On most of the plant species D. hesperus did not lay any eggs when fed on a plant diet alone. On V. thapsus, females laid a few eggs and lived longer than when fed on prey. Dicyphus hesperus females tended to prefer host plants on which nymph survival without prey was greatest. [source] Free IAA in stigmas and styles during pollen germination and pollen tube growth of Nicotiana tabacumPHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM, Issue 1 2008Dan Chen Although many studies have emphasized the importance of auxin in plant growth and development, the thorough understanding of its effect on pollen,pistil interactions is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of free IAA in pollen,pistil interactions during pollen germination and tube growth in Nicotiana tabacum L. through using histo and subcellular immunolocalization with auxin monoclonal antibodies, quantification by HPLC and ELISA together with GUS staining in DR5::GUS -transformed plants. The results showed that free IAA in unpollinated styles was higher in the apical part and basal part than in the middle part, and it was more abundant in the transmitting tissue (TT). At the stage of pollen germination, IAA reached its highest content in the stigma and was mainly distributed in TT. After the pollen tubes entered the styles, the signal increased in the part where pollen tubes would enter and then rapidly declined in the part where pollen tubes had penetrated. Subcellular localization confirmed the presence of IAA in TT cells of stigmas and styles. Accordingly, a schematic diagram summarizes the changing pattern of free IAA level during flowering, pollination and pollen tube growth. Furthermore, we presented evidence that low concentration of exogenous IAA could, to a certain extent, facilitate in vitro pollen tube growth. These results suggest that IAA may be directly or indirectly involved in the pollen,pistil interactions. Additionally, some improvements of the IAA immunolocalization technique were made. [source] A Study of the Interaction between Auxin and Ethylene in Wild Type and Transgenic Ethylene-Insensitive Tobacco during Adventitious Root Formation Induced by Stagnant Root Zone ConditionsPLANT BIOLOGY, Issue 5 2003M. P. McDonald Abstract: Wild type (Wt) and transgenic plants (etr1-1 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana; encoding for a defective ethylene receptor; Tetr) of Nicotiana tabacum L. were subjected to experiments to resolve the role of the interaction between ethylene and auxin in waterlogging-induced adventitious root formation. Plants were grown in aerated or stagnant deoxygenated nutrient solution and treated with the following plant growth regulators: ethylene, the synthetic auxins 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (1-NAA), and the auxin efflux inhibitor naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA). The superior growth of Wt in stagnant solution suggests that the ability to sense and respond to ethylene partially mediates tolerance to stagnant root zone conditions. Wt produced around 2 - 2.5-fold more adventitious roots than Tetr in aerated and stagnant solution. Treatment with NPA phenocopied the effects of ethylene insensitivity by reducing the number of adventitious roots on Wt to Tetr levels. Additionally, application of 1-NAA to the shoot of Tetr increased the number of adventitious roots on Tetr to similar levels as the untreated Wt. However, this level was only around half the number achieved by 1-NAA-treated Wt. The results suggest an interplay between ethylene and auxin in the process of adventitious root formation in waterlogged tobacco, most likely on the level of polar auxin transport. However, a separate non-auxin-related role as a transcription regulator for genes essential to adventitious root formation cannot be excluded. [source] Cation-induced superoxide generation in tobacco cell suspension culture is dependent on ion valencePLANT CELL & ENVIRONMENT, Issue 11 2001T. Kawano Abstract There have been many reports suggesting the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anion (O2.,), in salt stress. Herein, direct evidence that treatments of cell suspension culture of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.; cell line, BY-2) with various salts of trivalent, divalent and monovalent metals stimulate the immediate production of O2., is reported. Among the salts tested, LaCl3 and GdCl3 induced the greatest responses in O2., production, whereas CaCl2 and MgCl2 showed only moderate effects; salts of monovalent metals such as KCl and NaCl induced much lower responses, indicating that there is a strong relationship between the valence of metals and the level of O2., production. As the valence of the added metals increased from monovalent to divalent and trivalent, the concentrations required for maximal responses were lowered. Although O2., production by NaCl and KCl required high concentrations associated with hyperosmolarity, the O2., generation induced by NaCl and KCl was significantly greater than that induced simply by hyperosmolarity. Since an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, diphenyleneiodonium chloride, showed a strong inhibitory effect on the trivalent and divalent cation-induced generation of O2.,, it is likely that cation treatments activate the O2., -generating activity of NADPH oxidase. [source] ,Senescence-associated vacuoles' are involved in the degradation of chloroplast proteins in tobacco leavesTHE PLANT JOURNAL, Issue 2 2008Dana E. Martínez Summary Massive degradation of photosynthetic proteins is the hallmark of leaf senescence; however the mechanism involved in chloroplast protein breakdown is not completely understood. As small ,senescence-associated vacuoles' (SAVs) with intense proteolytic activity accumulate in senescing leaves of soybean and Arabidopsis, the main goal of this work was to determine whether SAVs are involved in the degradation of chloroplastic components. SAVs with protease activity were readily detected through confocal microscopy of naturally senescing leaves of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). In detached leaves incubated in darkness, acceleration of the chloroplast degradation rate by ethylene treatment correlated with a twofold increase in the number of SAVs per cell, compared to untreated leaves. In a tobacco line expressing GFP targeted to plastids, GFP was re-located to SAVs in senescing leaves. SAVs were isolated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Isolated SAVs contained chloroplast-targeted GFP and the chloroplast stromal proteins Rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) and glutamine synthetase, but lacked the thylakoid proteins D1 and light-harvesting complex II of the photosystem II reaction center and photosystem II antenna, respectively. In SAVs incubated at 30°C, there was a steady decrease in Rubisco levels, which was completely abolished by addition of protease inhibitors. These results indicate that SAVs are involved in degradation of the soluble photosynthetic proteins of the chloroplast stroma during senescence of leaves. [source] | ||||||||||