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Nickel Exposure (nickel + exposure)
Selected AbstractsCobalt release from inexpensive jewellery: has the use of cobalt replaced nickel following regulatory intervention?CONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 2 2010Jacob Pontoppidan Thyssen Background: Before the introduction of the EU Nickel Directive, concern was raised that manufacturers of jewellery might turn from the use of nickel to cobalt following the regulatory intervention on nickel exposure. Objectives: The aim was to study 354 consumer items using the cobalt spot test. Cobalt release was assessed to obtain a risk estimate of cobalt allergy and dermatitis in consumers who would wear the jewellery. Methods: The cobalt spot test was used to assess cobalt release from all items. Microstructural characterization was made using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Results: Cobalt release was found in 4 (1.1%) of 354 items. All these had a dark appearance. SEM/EDS was performed on the four dark appearing items which showed tin,cobalt plating on these. Conclusions: This study showed that only a minority of inexpensive jewellery purchased in Denmark released cobalt when analysed with the cobalt spot test. As fashion trends fluctuate and we found cobalt release from dark appearing jewellery, cobalt release from consumer items should be monitored in the future. Industries may not be fully aware of the potential cobalt allergy problem. [source] A correlation found between gold concentration in blood and patch test reactions in patients with coronary stentsCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 3 2008Susanne Ekqvist Background:, Patients with dental gold restorations are known to have a higher level of gold concentration in blood (B-Au). Objectives:, To further investigate, in a study on patients with intracoronary stents and contact allergy to metals, the gold and nickel release from stainless steel stent with (Au stent) and without (Ni stent) gold plating. Method:, A total of 460 patients treated with stenting underwent patch testing with metals, and information on gold and nickel exposure and blood samples were collected. About 200 blood samples were randomly selected and the analysis of B-Au and nickel concentration in blood (B-Ni) was made using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results:, There was a correlation between the intensity of Au patch test reaction and B-Au (P < 0.001). This correlation could not be seen between Ni patch test reaction and B-Ni. A Au stent gave a fivefold higher B-Au than a Ni stent. Conclusions:, Gold is released from the Au stent and patients with a Au stent have a fivefold higher B-Au than patients with an Ni stent. The patch test reactions for gold were correlated with B-Au. [source] Lung cancer risk associated with occupational exposure to nickel, chromium VI, and cadmium in two population-based case,control studies in MontrealAMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 5 2010Rachelle Beveridge MSc Abstract Background Nickel, chromium VI, and cadmium have been identified as lung carcinogens in highly exposed cohorts. The purpose of this study was to examine the etiological link between lung cancer and these metals in occupations, that usually entail lower levels of exposure than those seen in historical cohorts. Methods Two population-based case,control studies were conducted in Montreal, from 1979 to 1986 and from 1996 to 2001, comprising 1,598 cases and 1,965 controls. A detailed job history was obtained to evaluate lifetime occupational exposure to many agents, including nickel, chromium VI, and cadmium compounds. Results Lung cancer odds ratios were increased only among former or non-smokers: 2.5 (95% CI: 1.3,4.7) for nickel exposure, 2.4 (95% CI: 1.2,4.8) for chromium VI, and 4.7 (95% CI: 1.5,14.3) for cadmium. The metals did not increase risk among smokers. Conclusions While excess risks due to these metal compounds were barely discernable among smokers, carcinogenic effects were seen among non-smokers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:476,485, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Maternal nickel exposure and congenital musculoskeletal defectsAMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 11 2008Vaktskjold Arild DrScient Abstract Objective To investigate whether women occupationally exposed to nickel in early pregnancy are at elevated risk of delivering a newborn with a malformation or deformation of the musculoskeletal system (ICD-10: Q65-Q79). Methods Data about the newborn, maternal occupation and workplace were obtained using the Kola Birth Register (KBR). Each record in the KBR was assigned a categorical nickel (Ni) exposure rating according to the occupation the delivering woman had at the time of becoming pregnant. This was achieved by using as a guideline the water-soluble Ni subfraction of the inhalable aerosol fraction obtained by personal monitoring for nickel- and copper-refinery workers or/and measured urinary-Ni concentrations. The reference population was delivering women from the source population with background exposure level. In total, the study population consisted of 22,965 births. Results Three hundred and four infants (13.3/1,000 births; 95% confidence interval (CI): 11.9,14.7) were diagnosed with isolated musculoskeletal defect(s) at birth. The adjusted odds ratio for the association between the maternal exposure to Ni and this outcome was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.76,1.21) per unit increase in exposure category. Conclusion The incidence of defects in the musculoskeletal system at birth was high, especially for feet deformities, but we found no effect of maternal exposure to water-soluble Ni on the risk of delivering a newborn with a defect. However, the incidence among women working in the copper refinery was higher than in the other employment groups. Am. J. Ind. Med. 51:825-833, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | ||||||||||